the old world wonders

Group 8

LEANING TOWER OF PISA

Pisa Tower is actually a bell tower

Located in Pisa City, Italia

It is accidentally lean because of the poor foundationand it was set in loose soil

It used to lean at angle of 5.5°, but after restoration,it leans only 3.99° now

HAGIA SOPHIA

Hagia Sophia is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica,then changed into a mosque and now as a museum

Located in Istanbul, Turkey

First it was a Constantinople, then after 29 May 1453-1931 it became a mosque

It was closed to public for 4 years, then re-opened in1935 as a museum by the Republic of Turkey

It was famous for its massive dome, and believed as“changed the history of architecture”

Also known as Bao’ensi, is a Temple of Gratitude

Located on the south bank of the Yangtze in Nanjing, China

It was built with white porcelain bricks, that reflect thesun’s rays during the day

And at night as many as 140 lamps were hung toilluminate the tower, created a mix of green, yellow,brown and white designs on the side of its

PORCELAIN TOWER OF NANJING

CATACOMBS OF KOM EL SHOQAFA

The name means Mound of Shards

It is a historical archeological site located in Alexandria,Egypt

It is a necropolis that consists of a series of Alexandriantombs, statues, archeological objects of Pharaonic funeralwith Hellenistic and early Imperial Roman influences

It was used as a burial chamber from 2nd-4th century

STONEHENGE

It is located in Wiltshire, English

Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding acircular setting of large standing stones

Archeologists believed it was erected around 2500 AD

In early 20th most of the stones no longer upright stand

It is one of the most famous sites in the world

COLOSSEUM

Colosseum is originally known as giant Amphitheatre

It shaped elliptical and located in Rome, Italy

It is considered as one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engingeering

Colosseum construction started under the emperor Vespasian and completed under Titus

It was capable for 50.000 spectators

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications

It was a fortifications to protect the Northern borders of Chinese Empire from enemies

It started to built since the 5th century BC

One of the famous wall built between 220-206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang

DIMENSION OF THE GREATWALL

It stretches over approximately 6.400km (4.000 miles) from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West

A more recent archaeological survey using advanced technologies points out that the entire Great Wall, with all of its branches stretches for 8.851,5 km (5.500,3 miles)

It has been estimated that 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the Great Wall project

HISTORY

At first, China was divided into 3 states : Qi, Yan and Zhao and all constructed fortifications to defend their own borders.

Then Qin Shi Huang conquered all to unified, and establishing Qin Dynasty

Qin Shi Huang destructed the former wall sections then built the new wall to connect the remaining wall

This new wall was the started point of The Great Wall

The Great Wall concept was revived again during Ming dynasty in 1449

The Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate than The Qin construction

NOTABLE AREAS

Some notable areas of The Great Wall are in Beijing municipality, which were renovated and regularly visited by tourist nowadays

The example of notable area such as in Shanhaiguanwhich known as the “Number One Pass Under Heaven”

CHARACTERISTIC

Formerly, The Great Wall was mainly built from earth, stones, and wood.

However in Ming Dynasty, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall

Bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth