the nervous system. the central nervous system the central nervous system processes all of the...

The NervousSystem

The Central Nervous System

• The Central Nervous System processes all of the body’s information. The two parts of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord.

The Peripheral Nervous System

• The Peripheral Nervous System includes all of the other nerves in the body

• The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into two categories:– The Somatic Nervous System– The Autonomic Nervous System

The Somatic Nervous System

• The Somatic Nervous System connects the brain to the muscles of the body. It controls all of our voluntary muscle movements. It is connected to the motor cortex in the brain.

The Autonomic Nervous System

• The Autonomic Nervous System controls the automatic functions of the body and connects the brain to the heart, lungs, internal organs, glands, etc.

The Autonomic Nervous System

• This system is also responsible for actions associated with stress and perceived threats. The autonomic system is further broken down into two systems:–Sympathetic Nervous System–Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

• The Sympathetic Nervous System mobilizes the body to respond to stress. It is our alert system.–Accelerates the heart, blood pressure,

respiration), released adrenaline…–Conserves energy for fight by slowing

down digestion, etc.

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

• The Parasympathetic Nervous System returns the body to a normal state after a stressful encounter.

THE BRAIN

• How To Study The Brain• Mind Reading• NOVA How Does The Brain Work• How The Brain Works UCLA Pt. 1• How The Brain Works UCLA Pt. 2• How The Brain Works UCLA Pt. 3• Brain Power 1• Brain Power 2• Brain Power 3• Brain Power 4• Brain Power 5• Brain Power 6

• Electroencephalogram (EEG)• Electrodes are placed on the

scalp that amplify recordings of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s outer surface (cerebral cortex).

• Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)• A series of X-ray photographs

taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of the brain’s structures.

• Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

• A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

• PET Scans and Language Development

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• A technique that uses magnetic

fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that allow us to see structures within the brain in great detail

• Accidents• Case study analysis of victims of suffer from

a brain injury, resulting in variations in normal behavior

• IE. Phineas Gage

• Scientific Frontiers – Phineas Gage

• Lesions• Lesioning is the removal or destruction

of part of the brain.

THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

I. The Forebrain• There are five main regions of the

forebrain to study:–The Cerebral Cortex–Thalamus–Hypothalamus–Amygdala–Hippocampus

• The CEREBRAL CORTEX is the intricate, wrinkled covering of the brain (FISSURES)

• In addition to interneurons, it contains GLIAL CELLS, which guide neural connections, provide nutrients to myelin, and mop up neurotransmitters

•The Cerebral Cortex is split into two halves, or Hemispheres:–Right Hemisphere–Left Hemisphere

• The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM

Hemispheres of the Brain

Hemispheres of the BrainBorn With Only Half of a Brain

•Each hemisphere of the brain has different functions. This is called hemispheric specialization.

The Brain’s Left Hemisphere

• Language • Math • Logic • Analytic Thought• Scientific Thought• Reasoning

The Brain’s Right Hemisphere

• Spatial abilities • Face recognition • Visual imagery • Music • Creativity• Emotional Instincts