the muscular system

The Muscular SystemBy: Katelyn Kulik

FunctionsThe muscular system is responsible for both

physical movement and movement of food through the body.An example would be cardiac muscles helping

the heart pump blood to the body.

Types of muscle tissue:There are three main types of tissues in the

muscular system. There are skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles

and smooth muscles. Skeletal muscles make up most of the muscular

system and control the movement of your bones.

Cardiac muscles or heart muscles are only located in the heart they contract to help the heart pump blood to the body.

Smooth muscles make up your cardiovascular system.

What is muscle fatigue?Muscle fatigue is the outcome of working

muscles to much which causes the muscles lose their ability to contract.

Exercise and skeletal muscleSkeletal muscles when worked begin to

gradually grow in strength and begin to fatigue less quickly. Skeletal muscles can usually be consciously controlled.

Flexors and extensorsFlexor- A muscle that bends a jointExtensor- A muscle that straightens a joint

(Ex.) Hands and Fingers, Flexors= Carpi Radialis, Carpi Ularis, Extensors= Carpi Radialis Long, Carpi Radialis Brevior, Carpi Ulnaris.

(Ex.) Hamstring= Flexor, Quadriceps= Extensor (Ex.) Biceps= Flexors, Triceps= Extensors

Muscle disordersMuscle Fatigue- The physiological inability of

a muscle to contract. When ATP is absent, Continuous contractions occur causing muscle cramps.

(Ex. When a runner does not stretch before a race or over exerts their muscles they may suffer from muscle cramps.)

Connective tissues:Loose connective tissue

The most widespread connective tissue of the body

It is used to attach the skin to the underlying tissue

It also surrounds and supports the blood vessels

Ex: supports and connects structures of the body

Types of loose connective tissue:Collagen fibers made of collagen and

consist of bundles of fibrils that are coils of collagen molecules

Elastic fibers made of elastin and are stretchable

Reticular fibers join connective tissues to other tissues

Fibrous connective tissue:Found in tendons and ligaments. Ex: fiber in meats

A thick layer of perimysium.

Specialized connective tissues:Adipose stores fat

Cartilage composed of tightly packed collagenous fibers on a rubbery gelatinous substance called chondrin. (Ex: skeletons of human embryos)

Fat cells Human embryo

Specialized connective tissue cont:Bone: mineralized connective tissue that

contains collagen and calcium phosphateBlood: the matrix is the plasma and

erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets are suspended in the plasma.

Bone connective tissue Blood connective tissue

Function of tendons Tendons- Cord or band of inelastic tissue

connecting a muscle with its boney attachment.

Extra VocabMuscle Fibers- Skeletal Muscle tissue that is

made up of elongated cellsFascicles- Dense bundles of skeletal muscle

fibersSmooth muscles- Involuntary muscles

because most movements cannot be consciously controlled

Myofibrils- Bundles of thread like structures in the skeletal muscle fibers.

Myosin- Thick filaments in MyofibrilsActin- Thin filaments in Myofibrils

Extra VocabZ-line- The end points of the thin actin

filaments connect to this structure.Sarcomere- The region from one z-line to

anotherOrigin- The point where a muscle attaches to

a stationary bone. Insertion- The point where a muscle attaches

to a moving bone.

Bibliography http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/histomanual/connective.html http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/a/aa122807a.htm http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/clattem/Health/Cardio/Cardio%20Home%20Page.ht

m http://chestofbooks.com/health/anatomy/Human-Body-Construction/2-The-Flexo

rs-And-Extensors-Of-The-Wrist.html http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/ct.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Muscular_

page.L.html