the metanet - nchain · 2020. 9. 17. · planaria bitcom a.n.n.e bit:// map aip preserve sticker...

The Metanet

Jack Davies

29th May 2019

nChain

• Introduction – the current state of the Metanet

• The Metanet Protocol:

▪ Node and edge structure

▪ Metanet-valid transactions

▪ Data-insertion methods

▪ Interpreting the graph – domains, naming and locating

• Use case examples

Contents

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“The Internet becomes a side-chain”

Credit: Ayre Media

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What do these projects have in common?

• The blockchain acts as a universal server.

• Data, websites and content are hosted on-chain.

• Everybody can contribute (e.g. Planaria).

• Specialisation.

The Metanet paradigm

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SPV check

Merkle proof

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Data storage:

Search engine:

Applications:

Identity management:

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The Metanet Protocol

The umbrella for the Metanet

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The Metanet:

“A protocol for structuring the on-chain internet”

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A transaction protocol:

• Specifies a transaction structure

• Write-permission controlled by digital signatures

• Read-permission controlled by encryption

• Highly generic

The Metanet protocol

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B://cat B:// C:// D://

Planaria Bitcom A.N.N.E bit://

MAP AIP Preserve Sticker

The Metanet protocol:

Credits: _unwriter, Mr. Scatman, Satchmo, Attila Aros, Libitx and others.

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A transaction protocol:

1. Node and edge structure

2. Metanet-valid transactions

3. Data insertion methods

4. Interpreting the Metanet:

i. Versioning

ii. Domains, naming and searching

iii. Key-management

The Metanet protocol

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• Associate content across transactions.

• Search for content using keywords.

• Create domain-like structures.

Solution:

• Structure Metanet as a DAG.

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Definition: Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)

• Consists of nodes and edges.

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• Consists of nodes and edges.edges

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• Each node specifies itself and its parent.

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• Each node specifies itself and its parent.itself parent

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

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• Each node specifies itself and its parent.

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 references 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑 references 𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒

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𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 =

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 1

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 2

𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑

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How do we achieve this structure?

• Transactions are nodes

• Edges are signatures

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 ≔

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒≔ 𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃

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A transaction is a node:

1. Node and edge structure - nodes

𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 =

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

OP_RETURN

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1. Node and edge structure - nodes

A transaction is a node:

𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒 =

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

< 𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑙 >

OP_RETURN

“Root” node

Minimum

required

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1. Node and edge structure - edges

A signature creates an edge:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃0

OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

OP_RETURN

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𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃0OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

Edges do not have to involve direct spending:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒

[Checksig 𝑃0 ]

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 , 0

Metanet edge

Bitcoin spending

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Edges do not have to involve direct spending:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

OP_RETURN

[Checksig 𝑃0 ]

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 , 0

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃0

Metanet edge

Bitcoin spending

OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

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Each node has an associated unique pair:

• 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 - the ‘address’ of a node.

• 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 - the ‘version’ of a node.

These form a unique node identifier:

𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 ≔ 𝐻 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 ∥ 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

1. Node and edge structure – node IDs

𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒, 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

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𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

Simplified notation:

1. Node and edge structure – node IDs

OP_RETURN

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A node specifies 𝑰𝑫𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆 and 𝑰𝑫𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 :

1. Node and edge structure - node IDs

OP_RETURN

𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 ≔ 𝐻 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 ∥ 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝐼𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 ≔ 𝐻 𝑃𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∥ 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

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1. Node and edge structure - rules

The rules for the Metanet graph are:

• Nodes are transactions

• Edges are created by signatures

• A node must specify 𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 and 𝐼𝐷𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

• A node can have:

▪ 0 or 1 parent (in degree = 0,1)

▪ Arbitrary number of children (out degree = free)

𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

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1. Node and edge structure - permissioning

A child of a node can only be created by the owner of 𝑷𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒,2

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒

OP_RETURN

𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒

OP_RETURN

𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒

Bitcoin-valid

Metanet-valid

Bitcoin-valid

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A child of a node can only be created by the owner of 𝑷𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒,2

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝐵𝑜𝑏

1. Node and edge structure - permissioning

OP_RETURN

𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒,2

OP_RETURN

𝑃𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒

Bitcoin-valid

Metanet-valid

Metanet-invalid

Bitcoin-valid

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Only 𝑷𝟎 can create:𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,2

𝑃2,2

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Only 𝑷𝟏 can create:𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,2

𝑃2,2

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Only 𝑷𝟐 can create:𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,2

𝑃2,2

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𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,2

𝑃2,2

𝑰𝑫𝟎 = 𝑯 𝑷𝟎 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟎

𝑰𝑫𝟐 = 𝑯 𝑷𝟐 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐𝑰𝑫𝟏 = 𝑯 𝑷𝟏 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟏

𝑯 𝑷𝟏,𝟏 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟏,𝟏 𝑯 𝑷𝟏,𝟐 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟏,𝟐 𝑯 𝑷𝟐,𝟏 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐,𝟏 𝑯 𝑷𝟐,𝟐 ∥ 𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐,𝟐

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𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷3

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑃1,1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1,1

𝑃1,2,1

𝑃3,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷3,1

𝑃3,1,1

𝑃3,1,2

𝑃3,1,3

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The Metanet :

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Content of transactions:

• Metanet flag

• Attributes

• Content data

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𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

OP_RETURN

𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎

nChain

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

OP_RETURN

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎

2. Metanet-valid transactions Metanet flag:

• 4-byte protocol flag.

• Indicates Metanet subset of

Bitcoin.

• A global identifier for

protocols.

• Chosen by vote.

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OP_RETURN

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎

2. Metanet-valid transactions Attributes:

• Metadata related to the

• Implement other protocols

within Metanet.

• E.g. protocol identifiers,

keywords, file types, file

names.

• Application-specific.

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OP_RETURN

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎

2. Metanet-valid transactions Content data:

• The main data payloads

related to the node.

• E.g. documents, media files,

web-pages, encrypted

messages, social media.

• Non-compulsory – nodes do

not have to include payloads.

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The Metanet is the umbrella protocol:

• Attributes and data can encode any

other protocol.

• The Metanet protocol-specific

elements provide structure.

OP_RETURN

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎

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2. Metanet-valid transactions - examples

Demonstration of Metanet-valid transactions for:

• Simple data insertion - B://

• Insertion across transactions - B://cat

• Overwriting data - D://

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OP_RETURN

[Protocol ID]

[Data]

[Attributes]

Protocol

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B://𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

OP_RETURN

[Data]

[Media Type]

[Encoding]

[Filename]

[19Hxiz…ZVdoAut]

nChain

B://𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

OP_RETURN

[Image Buffer]

image/png

binary

duck.png

[19Hxiz…ZVdoAut]

nChain

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃0

OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑆𝑖𝑔 𝑃0

OP_RETURN

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

B://cat

[Data Part 1]

[Media Type 1]

[Encoding 1]

[Filename 1]

[19Hxiz…ZVdoAut]

[Data Part 2]

[Media Type 2]

[Encoding 2]

[Filename 2]

[19Hxiz…ZVdoAut]

nChain

B://cat𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

OP_RETURN

[Info]

[MIME type]

[charset]

[name]

[15DHFx…4W6h4Up]

B://cat

[flag]

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B://cat𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

OP_RETURN

[Info]

[MIME type]

[charset]

[name]

[15DHFx…4W6h4Up]

[flag]

B://catMetanet edges

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D://𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑠

OP_RETURN

[value]

[type]

[sequence]

[19iG3W…TiFesNU]

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B://cat

Protocol locality:

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3. Data insertion

Metanet protocol is compatible with:

• OP_RETURN

• OP_DROP

[Combination protocol]

OP_RETURN

[File data 1] OP_DROP

[File data 2] OP_DROP

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4. Interpreting the graph

The properties of the graph allow:

• Version control

• Domain structure

• Searching

• Integration of key management

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4. Interpreting the graph - versioning

Metanet allows proof-of-work versioning:

• Multiple nodes can share a 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

• Each has different 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

• Distinguish versions by PoW:

▪ Between blocks

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒′

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4. Interpreting the graph - versioning

Metanet allows proof-of-work versioning:

• Multiple nodes can share a 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

• Each has different 𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

• Distinguish versions by PoW:

▪ Between blocks

▪ Within blocks

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒′

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Versioning:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2′

𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐

𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐′

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Versioning:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐

𝑻𝒙𝑰𝑫𝟐′

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2′

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4. Interpreting the graph - domains

Domain structure is a property:

• Root nodes can be TLDs.

• Non-root can be sub-domains.

• On-chain resources anchored.

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑷𝟎

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20𝑃0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1,1

𝑃2,1,2

𝑃2,1,3

Domain

𝑷𝟎

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Domains 𝑷𝟏 and 𝑷𝟐

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1,1

𝑃2,1,2

𝑃2,1,3

nChain

20𝑃0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑃2,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2,1

𝑃2,1,1

𝑃2,1,2

𝑃2,1,3

𝑷𝟎

nChain

4. Interpreting the graph – locating resources

We define a Metanet-URL (MURL) as:

′mnp:′ +′//domain name′ + ′/path′ + ′/file′

• One MURL corresponds to one transaction:

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2mnp://bobsblog/sport/tennis

nChain

20Naming and addressing

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2

Definition: MURL

mnp://domainname/path/file

Metanet

protocol

identifier

Domain

mapped to

𝐼𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡

Path to

target

associated with

target node

• Allow efficient lookup of

content.

• Allow searching by key-

• Human-interpretable method

of traversing the graph.

• Definition: MURL

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𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷0

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷2

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,1

𝑃1,1

𝑇𝑥𝐼𝐷1,2

𝑃1,2mnp://bobsblog/sport/tennis

“Bob’s blog”

“sport” “finance”

“tennis”“golf”

• Allow efficient lookup of

content.

• Allow searching by key-

• Human-interpretable method

of traversing the graph.

• Definition: MURL

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4. Interpreting the graph – key management

𝑷1 𝑷3𝑷2

𝑷1,1 𝑷1,2 𝑷3,1

𝑷1,1,1 𝑷1,2,1 𝑷3,1,1 𝑷3,1,2 𝑷3,1,3

HD Key Tree Metanet tree

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Use case examples

Building on the Metanet

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UC1: Institutional record storage

Year 1 Year 2

Storage of records:

• Institution key anchored.

• Encrypted by institution.

• Transparently recorded.

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UC2: Social media

Profile

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UC2: Social media

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Interacting trees:

Pointer

nChain

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nChain

The take-away message:

Everybody can start to build structured,

on-chain applications using the Metanet protocol

nChain

• Release of technical summary.

• Metanet blog series.

Announcements

nChain

Thank you.

the metanet - nchain · 2020. 9. 17. · planaria bitcom a.n.n.e bit:// map aip preserve sticker...

Documents

proceedings of the final metanet conference · proceedings...

an introduction to scilab - · pdf filean introduction to...

metanet: a new paradigm for data sharing in photonics...

integrated consultancy system (i’cons) - bitcom · 2020....

(future internet design) -...

smart manufacturing breakout session alec mcmillan …...

computational approaches to metaphor: the case of...

metanet: a multilingual metaphor extraction, representation,...

creating a custom metanet

version 1 standard... · 2020. 11. 5. · is obtained by...

examensarbete938624/fulltext01.pdftempot i pop-låten...

metadata models in survey computing some results of metanet...

· for wilson, with thomas's striking t-bone-inflected...

of information technol og y · 2021. 1. 22. · 2nd year...

metanet model improvement for traffic control...improvement;...

the metanet wiki - sites.ualberta.ca

memorandum - fec.gov · 2021. 4. 12. · bitcom addreaa...

real estate predictions 2020 | article 3 conversational ai:...

metanet model improvement for traffic...

the metanet - nchain