the latin verb the dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - i-form of...
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THE LATIN VERB
The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information:
- I-form of Present tense
- Infinitive (from which the other forms of the Present and also the Imperfect and Future are formed)
- I-form of Perfect (from which the other forms of the Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect are formed)
- Past Participle (from which the Passive Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect are formed)
EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARY ENTRIES
amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
moneō -ēre -uī -itum warnvideō -ēre vīdī visum seevincō -ere vīcī victum conqueraudiō -īre -īvī -ītumhear, listen
capiō -ere cēpī captum capture
Notice that to save space, some dictionaries do not repeat the letters before the ending if they do not change in the other parts of the verb.
PRESENT TENSE• The endings in nearly all verbs are:
– ō (I)– s (you –singular)– t (he/she/it)– mus (we)– tis (you –plural)– nt (they)
• The endings are normally linked to the verb by the signature vowel for each conjugation
These endings survive in modern Italian, but with changes
• The Italian endings are:– o– i– a or e– iamo– ate or ete or ite– ono
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are
amō
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are
amō
amās
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
amāmus
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amōamāsamatamāmusamātis
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amōamāsamatamāmusamātisamant
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
monēmus
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneōmonēs
monet
monēmus
monētis
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneōmonēs
monet
monēmus
monētis
monent
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regōregis
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regōregis
regit
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regōregis
regit
regimus
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regōregis
regit
regimus
regitis
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regōregis
regit
regimus
regitis
regunt
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiōaudīs
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiōaudīs
audit
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiōaudīs
audit
audīmus
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiōaudīs
audit
audīmus
audītis
Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiōaudīs
audit
audīmus
audītis
audiunt
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiō
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiōcapis
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiōcapis
capit
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiōcapis
capit
capimus
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiōcapis
capit
capimus
capitis
Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -erecapiōcapis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
es
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
es
est
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
Imperfect TenseVerbs in – āre: -ābam - ābās –ābat –ābāmus - ābātis -ābant
Verbs in – ēre and most verbs in – ere:
-ēbam - ēbās –ēbat –ēbāmus - ēbātis - ēbant
Verbs with –iō ending for I-form in Present (including all with infinitive in –īre and a few
with infinitive in –ere) -iēbam - iēbās –iēbat –iēbāmus - iēbātis - iēbant
The verb esse has the formseram erās erat erāmus erātis erant
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
amābātis
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
amābātis
amābant
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbam
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
monēbātis
Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
monēbātis
monēbant
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
regēbātis
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
regēbātis
regēbant
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
capiēbātis
Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
capiēbātis
capiēbant
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
erātis
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
erātis
erant
Future TenseVerbs in – āre and – ēre use signature vowel plus `b’: -ā/ēbō - ā/ēbis –ā/ēbit –ā/ēbimus - ā/ēbitis -ā/ēbunt
Verbs in –ere and -īre add different endings. If they have the ending `-io’ in the present tense (as in the 4th and `3.5th’ group) there is an `i’ before each future ending)-(i)am - (i)ēs –(i)et –(i)ēmus - (i)ētis - (i)ent
The verb esse has the formserō eris erit erimus eritis erunt
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
amābitis
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
amābitis
amābunt
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
monēbitis
Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
monēbitis
monēbunt
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
regētis
Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
regētis
regent
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
capiētis
Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
capiētis
capient
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt
PERFECT TENSE
Formed by the perfect base (seen in the second part of the verb in a dictionary) and the endings:
-ī -imus
-istī -istis
-it -ērunt
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
amāvistī
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
amāvistis
PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
amāvistis
amāvērunt
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
monuistī
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
monuistī
monuit
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
monuērunt
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
vīcistī
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
vīcistis
PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
vīcistis
vīcērunt
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
audīvistis
PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
audīvistis
audīvērunt
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
fuistī
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
fuistī
fuit
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
fuistis
PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
fuistis
fuērunt
PLUPERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
amāverās
PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
amāverātis
PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
amāverātis
amāverant
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -ītum warn
monueram
monuerās
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
monuerātis
PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
monuerātis
monuerant
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
vīcerās
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
vīcerātis
PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
vīcerātis
vīcerant
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
audīverātis
PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
audīverātis
audīverant
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
fuerās
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
fuerātis
PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
fuerātis
fuerant
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
amāveris
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
amāveritis
FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
amāveritis
amāverint
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
monueris
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
vīceris
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
vīceritis
vīcerint
FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
vīceritis
vīcerint
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
audīveritis
FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
audīveritis
audīverint
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
fueris
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
fuerint
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