the internet of things: tutorial for students
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The Internet of Things
Daeyoung Kim
June 11, 2014 Director of Auto-ID Lab at KAIST
Professor, Computer Science Department, KAIST
kimd@kaist.ac.kr http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org
http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr http://oliot.org
(CASE I) Healthcare Application
- KAIST Dr. M Project
Health
Monitoring Medical Assistance
DrM Database
20132012
2011
Real-time Monitoring Data
Historical Data
DrM Database
Bio Optic Sensor
Bio Optic Sensor
Healthcare
Watch
Healthcare
Watch
EEG biotelemetry
Blood
Pressure
Blood
Pressure
stick-onHeart Rate Sensor
Virus Monitoring
Virus Monitoring
Foot SensorFoot Sensor
Smart SensorsSmart Sensors
ECG SensorECG Sensor
EEG biotelemetry
stick-onHeart Rate Sensor
Machine LearningMachine LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics
Prediction
Disease knowledge
Sensors Communications, IoT Platform
Analysis
Prediction
Discover
Knowledge
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)
6
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)
[1] Track & Tracing & Recall [2] Smart Agriculture (Sensors & Actuators)
[3] Global Access [4] Processed
Foods [5] Smart Services &
BigData
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Future)
Future Internet ?
New Internet Society
If IoT is realized?
• Internet상의 상태와 실세계의 상태가 일치
• 실시간으로 실세계의 다양한 상황 정보를 정확하고 세밀하게 제공
4인 3T,
소근소근
Full, 시끄러움
Full, 조용,
몬순 커피
2인2T
테이블 4, 조용
휴업
2인 4T 4인 2T
4인 2T
8인 2T, 조용
4인 3T, 시끄러움
검색: “어은동 카페”
2013 Hype Cycle for Emerging
Technologies
IOT 에 관한 통계 및 시장규모 예측
IDC forecasts 15 billion devices by the year 2015"
ABI Research’s study, “Wireless Sensor Networks,” analyzes
IEEE 802.15.4 and which standards, such as ZigBee, Wireless
HART, and ISA100.11a, will influence and drive the market, as
well as emerging technology and competitive solutions such as
Z-Wave, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth Smart, and Low Power Wi-Fi.
850 Million IEEE 802.15.4 Chipsets to
Ship in 2016, Despite Strong
Competition from Bluetooth
More than 80 % of decision makers in worldwide companies plan to
implement an IoT solution and 15% already have it.
Source: A commissioned study conducted by Forrester
Consulting on behalf of Zebra Technologies, June 2012
IOT 시장 진입 예측
(surveying 646 global it companies)
Expecting new Big players
• 새로운 비즈니스 기회가 다가오고 있음
Internet of Things
Human Information
Thing Information
Context-aware
Services
- / :
- : Internet of Things
- / : , - : ,
Smart Home IOT Cloud Services
– samsungiot, lgiot, and venture companiesiot
• 다양한 홈 디바이스간 통신 및 클라우드 서비스를 통한 새로운 IoT 서비스
Cloud Computing
Home Surveillance
M2M networking of
Home Devices
Smart Home Control
Internet Browsing
Social Network Service
Entertainment
(Multimedia & Game)
Smart Interaction & Control
Download Apps from APP store
Home Networking
Data Sharing
IoT Search & IoT SNS & IOT cloud
- googleiot, facebookiot, amazoniot
• 사물 탐색 및 정보 검색
IoT Game
nexoNiot, ingressiot
• 사물 통신 / 가상현실 / 증강현실을 이용한 새로운 게이밍 환경
예) ingress – Virtual reality
with nearby things
Internet of things in practice
Internet of Things는 새로운 분야이기
때문에 모든 기술과 제품을 새로 만들어야
하나요?
Eye-Fi
Eye-Fi Mobi SD card transfers digital camera content to iPhone/iPad/
Android/Kindle instantaneously via built-in WiFi
Dummy camera connected
Memoto: Lifelogging camera
DICE+
Neurowear Necomimi
LiveMap:
Motorbike helmet with navigation
User interface
http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/livemap-motorbike-helmet-with-navigation
•augmented reality for easy and
user-friendly navigation
•Two 3000 mAh batteries for a
long operation time
•Microphone for voice control that
keeps both hands free for driving
•light sensor for adjusting the
image brightness according to ext
ernal light conditions
•G-sensor, gyroscope, digital
compass for head movement
tracking
“Instabeat” swimming goggles
Sensoria Smart Sock Fitness Tracker
GolfSense
•Glove-based sensor
Wirelessly transmits swing data to smart
phone
•Swing Guidance
Provides tips and recommendations
•Mobile applications
Capture every swing and provide
critical data
•Cloud sync sharing
Seamlessly stored in cloud and can
be sync’d
6LowPAN/ZigBee light bulb
GreenWave Reality and NXP launch 6
LowPAN mesh-networked LED bulbs
and home energy control platform.
ZigBee/WiFi based Philips Hue LED
bulbs
Goji: Smart lock
Smart doorlock with camera
Key: Distributable digital keys, Bluetooth fobs, Bluetooth smartphone
Scanadu Scout
A scanner packed with sensors that enable anyone to conduct physical exams
Temperature Heart-Rate Pulse-Wave-Transit-Time Oximetry Electrocardiography Heart-Rate-Variability Stress
* http://www.scanadu.com
Urine-Analysis
Internet of Things
어떤 기술이 필요할까요?
ID(Identification) 체계 (1/2)
How to reach a single instance?
How to name all of them?
Outnumbered? Global access!
Heterogeneity Ambiguity
• 다양한 현재의 ID 체계
• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): http://myflowerpot.iot.kr/temperature
• Universally Unique Identifier (UUID): 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
• Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1000/182
• Global Trade Item Number (GTIN): urn:epc:id:sgtin:0614141.112345.400
• IDENFITICATION SYSTEM for the Internet of Things?
ID is registered to Identity provider
and is used with associated party
ID(Identification) 체계 (2/2)
ID on the WEB
Small and Cheap hardware for Prototyping
(physical things)
• Raspberry Pi:
Open source 개인 인공위성 (20만원)
48 만원
RFduino: $21
• Nordic 32 bit ARM Cortex-M0
processor
• Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy
Arduino
Prices: $29.95
Specs & Features:
ATmega328 microcontroller
14 Digital I/O Pins (6 PWM outputs)
32k Flash Memory
Connectivity: Can be extended with
shields (Wifi, GSM, Bluetooth, etc)
BeableBone
Prices: $45
Specs & Features:
ARM Cortex-A8
2GB on-board storage using eMMC, 512MB
DDR3 (800MHz x 16), microSD card slot
Connectivity: Can be extended with shields
(Wifi, GSM, Bluetooth, etc) $99.99 USD
$159
$25
Broadcom
BCM2835 700MHz ARM1176JZFS proce
ssor with FPU and Videocore 4 GPU, 512
Megabytes of RAM, HDMI, SD Card
socket
Connectivity: Ethernet. Expandable with
USB and shields to other options
Low price and open APIs
Enterprise
OS Consumer
OS Mini
OS
Mid-level
Consumer electronics Enterprise
Tiny footprint
Consumer goods
OS for IoT
• 소비자 가전, 서버시스템은 Linux를 중심으로 표준화 되는 추세
• 적은 메모리, 낮은 수행능력을 가진 소형 Smart Things를 위한 운영체제
및 개발환경 필요 가능성 있음 / FreeRTOS, uCOS-II등 기존 OS
Operating systems/SDK for smart resource constrained
things
• IoT 에서 IPv6의 필요성
• 사물의 주소 역할
• 충분한 주소 공간, Plug &
Play, Mobile IPv6, IPSec ,
QoS
• 이 기종 네트워크 통합
• 이 기종 네트워크 간의
Seamless한 통신을 위해 네트워크 통합 방법 필요
• 표준화 된 IPv6 를 이용하여
이 기종 네트워크 통합 가능성
INTERNET OF THINGS를 위한 네트워크 기술
(IOT CONNECTIVITY)
[ IP기반의 유무선 IOT 통합 네트워크 (글로벌 액세스) ]
“Middleware” software for
the internet of things
• a software platform defined as middleware, fundamentally providing
abstraction to applications from the things, and offering multiple
services
[인용] Role of middleware for internet of things: A study
S Bandyopadhyay, M Sengupta, S Maiti, S Dutta - airccse.org
• Addressing scalability, fault tolerance, and locality/availability issues
• Files and data are replicated and stored in multiple servers
Distributed file systems and Data base for
the internet of things (Cloud and Big Data Services)
Hadoop 파일시스템: 복제된 데이터가 여러 서버
간 분산되어 저장
NoSQL 데이터베이스:
데이터의 저장과 관리를 분리
• IoT에서는 사물이 생성하는 데이터를 저장하고 사물을 위한
computation power, 플랫폼, 그리고 소프트웨어 서비스 제공
• IoT + Cloud 융합 시도- Pachube
• 전 세계의 센서 데이터를 수집하는 웹 기반 온라인 데이터베이스 서비스
• 사물, 디바이스, 빌딩 등으로부터의 에너지 및 환경 데이터를 수집
(1) 실시간 데이터 그래프를 생성 (2) Historical한 데이터를 가공하거나
(3) 사용자에게 alert을 전송하는 기능
Cloud computing for the internet of things
• Big Data의 효율적 저장/관리/처리를
위하여 Massive infrastructure 가 필요
IoT generates big data
Everyday objects in the Internet of Things
“Machine-generated sensor data will be
become a far larger portion of the Big Data
world, according to a recent report by
IDC. The research report, “The Digital
Universe in 2020,” published in December,
traces data trends from 2005-20. One of its
forecasts is that machine-generated
data will increase to 42 percent of
all data by 2020, up from 11
percent in 2005.”
Web of Things
A Web of Things Application Architecture, Dominique Guinard
Internet of Things
CASE STUDY: KAIST Approach
Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?
Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?
Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?
Internet of Things
– Which is right direction?
Internet of Things and us, GS1 & Auto-ID Labs
In 1999, the Internet of Things" was first
coined by Kevin Ashton who cofounded
the Auto-ID Center at the MIT
Business Processes
and Applications
Software and Network
Hardware
GS1 Member Organizations
GS1 - Essentials
GS1 – Who do we represent?
Regulation EU No 1169/2011
Food Information Regulation
GS1 – UDI Code for Medical Devices
Toward GS1 Internet of Things Platform
We will cover bellows, but not limited
Passive Things Active Things Wireless Sensors/Actuators
Smart Devices
Consumer Electronics
Knowledge
Internet of Things Conceptual Architecture
Future IT Eco-System
Human Information
Thing Information
Context-aware
Services
Social Network Service
M2M networking of
Home Devices
Internet Browsing
Entertainment
(Multimedia & Game)
Home Surveillance
Augmented Reality
Big DataAnalysis
Cloud Computing
Internet of Things
Cloud Computing
Internet of Things
User log, Business
activity logs, etc.
Internet contents,
SNS, etc.
Everyday objects Multimedia (video,
audio), etc.
Social Network Service for IoT
Three Musketeers; One for All, and All for One
GS1 Standards & Internet of Things Research
Based on GS1 Philosophy and
Technology at Auto-ID Lab KAIST
Oliot, Snail, Seahaven, (Lilliput
IoTMaaS, GPUCLOUD, CRADHN)
Food SCM and Safety System Project,
(Dr. M Project, SoC Management System Project)
Oliot stems from GS1/EPCglobal Standards (Open Language for Internet of Things)
ONS (Object Name System)
- Internet of Things Naming Services
• ONS
– Service to look up information about GS1 Identification keys using standard Domain Name
System (DNS) protocols
• Reason for using DNS
– GS1 standards leverage existing
standards and infrastructure
• Adherence to DNS standards
– GS1 Identification Key must be converted
to DNS compatible domain name
– Results must be a valid DNS resource record
ONS 2.0 Architecture
ONS Application
GS1 ID AUS
ONS Client
FQDN NAPTR
RecursiveName Server
EPCIS Server
ONS Peer Roots
(1)(2)
(3)(4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Federated ONS Architecture
ONS Query response
• ONS Query for ONS Query Responses for the domain name
• ONS Query Response contains a set of Naming Authority PoinTeR (NAPTR) Records
Federated ONS
- Delegation
• Nameserver (NS) delegation
– Information of the related name servers exists below current ONS Peer Root
Ex) 1.4.1.4.1.6.0.gtin.gs1.id.onsepc.com. IN NS ns1.corp.example.com.
• Delegation name (DNAME) delegation
– Information of the related name servers exists in another ONS Peer Root, not current ONS Peer
Root
– Using the GS1 prefix (last three digits), identify where the query is destined.
Ex) 1.6.0.gtin.gs1.id.onsepc.kr IN DNAME 1.6.0.gtin.gs1.id.onsepc.com.
GS1 Prefix Domain Country
1.6.0 onsepc.com America
0.8.8 onsepc.kr Korea
0.0.3 onsepc.fr France
Korean
ONS Peer Root
American
ONS Peer Root
French
ONS Peer Root
ONS peer Roots
Local system
ONS Application
ONS Client
Recursive Name Server
EPCIS Server
Korean Rootonsepc.kr
ONS Server in Korea
American Rootonsepc.com
Local ONS server
ONS Server in America
Federated ONS
- DNAME Delegation
1
2 3
4
5
6 7
~.1.6.0.onsepc.kr.
Resolution
Success
GS1 Prefix Domain Country
1.6.0 onsepc.com America
0.8.8 onsepc.kr Korea
EPCIS (EPC Information Service)
Internet of Things Global Data Repository
59
RFID Reader
& Antenna
Barcode
Reader
ALE – Event Capturing
Everyday
Object
EPCIS – Visibility Event Data
TDS – Unification of GS1 Codes
Attaching
EPC Tag
Attaching
Bar Code
GSDN – Master Data
Vocabulary
(EPC, CBV) Attributes
urn:epc:id:sgtin:1.1.1
urn:epc:id:sgln:1.1.1
Name = Black Coat
Manufacturer = RESL
…
Address = 123 Elm st
City = Anytown
Postal = 12345
Transaction Events
Orders
Invoice
…
EANCOM – Transactional Data
Capturing Interface
Query Interface
Business Apps.
Four dimensions of any EPCIS event
60
Everyday
Object
Four dimensions of any EPCIS event
“What” Dimension
• SGTIN Serialized Global Trade Item Number
• LGTIN GTIN + Lot/Batch
• SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code
• SGLN Global Location Number + optional Extension
• GRAI Global Returnable Asset Identifier
• GIAI Global Individual Asset Identifier
• GSRN Global Service Relation Number
• GDTI Global Document Type Identifier
• SGCN Serialized Global Coupon Number
61
Four dimensions of any EPCIS event
“When” Dimension
• Date of event
• example: 2014-02-17
• Time of event
• example: 4:48 a.m.
• Time zone
• example: -03:30
62
Four dimensions of any EPCIS event
“Where” Dimension
• Read Point
• Specific place that an event took place
• Identified by SGLN
• Business Location
• Place the object is assumed to be following the event
• Identified by SGLN
63
Business Location: Store #23
Business Loc: Store #23 Back Room Business Loc: Store #23 Front Room Read Point: Store #23 Dock #1
Read Point: Store #23 Dock #2
Read Point: Store #23 Interior Door #1
Four dimensions of any EPCIS event
“Why” Dimension
• Business Step • Business process context of event
• e.g. loading, packing, shipping, receiving
• Disposition • Status of object subsequent to even
• e.g. available for sale, in storage
• Business Transactions • Link to transaction info
• e.g. Purchase order, Invoice
• Source/Destination • Transfer of ownership, responsibility and/or custody
• Parties/location that are intended endpoints of the transfer
64
GS1 Digital?
Search Today Online ads use “keywords”
Many sellers of different products use the same
keywords in an attempt to try to influence the
search results
Keyword = “Prada”
In The Devil Wears
Prada, Anne Hathaway . . .
Creating frustrated consumers who must deal
with irrelevant content
Future Search Online ads use keywords and GTINS
Search engine robots better understand web
content that includes a unique identifier within a
structured data model
More relevant search results that support
targeted personalization
HTML Editor
<meta name = “GTIN”
Content = <0123456789012>
…
Keywords =
“Prada” AND
“0123456789012”
Oliot (Open Language for Internet of Things)
• GS1 EPCglobal Network on the Cloud
for Groceries Trace Framework since 2013
– Complete Implementation of GS1
EPCglobal Network
– EPCIS Enhanced with NOSQL DB
– Cloud Support
– ELFIN: Enhanced LLRP- enabling
Framework for the INternet of Things
– Geo-discovery Service
– ONS 2.0.1 implemented
• Smart Thing Information Service
(STIS) since 2005, 2011
– Expand GS1 EPCglobal Network to
integrate various sensor network protocols
– Successor of EPC Sensor Network
– ZigBee, 6LoWPAN/CoAP integration
– Obix integration, etc.
RFID Reader
(e.g., passive
tags)
Sensor Network (e.g., smartphone
phone)
Wireless ID and
Sensor networks
(e.g., active tags)
RFID Filter & Collection
Middleware
Sensor F&C&CEP
middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor Interface Sensor Interface
Actuator Networks (e.g., consumer
electronics, appliance)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
Actuation interface
Object orchestration and organization management
Domain-specific applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor Interface
Smart Things Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
ObjectObject
Actuation Interface
ONS
Geo-distance
Discovery
Services
Fe
de
rate
d S
ys
tem
sD
ec
en
traliz
ed
Sy
ste
ms
Oliot Open Source Project
(release on July 7, 2014)
Document-based NoSQL DB
for Geo-distance and text
search, analytics, etc. For time-series data with
frequent insertion
Relational DB for
structed MasterData
Oracle Spatial
and Graph
Graph database organization
relationship management
Oliot will support
IoT Connectivity –
SNAIL(Sensor Networks for All IP World) Project
Since 2007
Internet of Things
SNAIL Border Router (6LBR)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
Entertainment & Social Net. ServiceDevice Browsing & Mashup
Big Data AnalysisUser Experience with IoT Service
• SNAIL (Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)
• an IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks platform
• Supported Protocols
• Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4
• Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL
• Dual-Mode gateway for WiFi AP and IP-WSN edge router
• CoAP, HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)
• Mesh routing in adaptation layer, Addressing
• DTLS/BLE ongoing
IoT Connectivity –
SNAIL(Sensor Networks for All IP World) Project
Since 2007
Web-based Visualization/WOT PAAS
• Smart devices and consumer electronics are
equipped with web/CoAP servers that can response
directly to requests from the Internet
• Presentation Cloud provides rich web contents to
support those embedded web servers
• Sensing data and Actuation commands/results
are retrieved directly from web browser and display
on top of rich web interface, either in numbers or in
graphs (HTML5)
No app. Download
Any medical devices and
Sensors either old or new
Seahaven - Visual Sensor Networks Platform
Seahaven - Visual Sensor Networks Platform
Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
Systems Pilot Project
Oliot Open Source & Community Project (release on July 7, 2014, http://oliot.org)
June 25, 2014 – Oliot Launching Workshop, Coex Room #300 (9:00 – 18:00)
July 7 2014 – oliot 1.0 (latest implementation of EPCglobal framework,
run on any cloud and supporting mysql and cassandra)
4Q 2014 – oliot 1.1 (provide EPCIS 1.1, strengthened to support food industry)
2015 – oliot 2.0 (support internet of things, merging auto-id lab, KAIST’s
Epc sensor network, STIS and more)
We are looking for collaborators:
- developing open sources together such as GS1 source, GS1 digital
- companies who do business with our oliot
- architecting IoT world including food SCM and safety systems, health
care/medicare, retail systems
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