the interaction of social justice frames and inequality in the us (ces open forum series # 16)
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
1/23
gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul
5?=7-5?=9
YCD KFYDUMGYKBF BJ WBGKM@ NTWYKGDJUMLDW MFI KFD]TM@KY[ KF YCD TW.
_rbjdssbr Ir. Lmrtkf Wgcridr
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
2/23
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
3/23
MEWYUMGY
gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Ycks pmpdr usds m gbftdft mfm`ysks bj fdwspmpdr mrtkg`ds tb scbw cbw lmtdrkm` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mfi sbgkm` nustkgd
vkdws tcmt mrd mrtkgu`mtdi kf m pue`kg ldikm iksgbursd kftdrmgt. Kt scbws tcmt edjbrd tcd =;1?s, tcd Fdw [brh Yklds
lbst`y idsgrkedi sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kf dam`ktmrkmf tdrls mfi mivbgmtdi tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed strugturdi
ey dam`ktmrkmf prkfgkp`ds. Qcdf lmtdrkm` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi kf tcd TW mjtdr =;3?, tcks wms mggblpmfkdi
ebtc ey kfgrdmsdi idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ms strugturdi ey kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm` nustkgd prkfgkp`ds mfi
ey kfgrdmsdi mrauldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i jb``bw kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd prkfgkp`ds. Kf tcks sdfsd, tcks
pmpdr scbws tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mfi sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws mebut kfdqum`kty gbkfgkid, wktc nustkgd vkdws cmv-
kfa gcmfadi jrbl prdiblkfmft dam`ktmrkmfksl edjbrd tcd =;3?s tb prdiblkfmft kfikvkium`ksl mjtdr tcd =;3?s
_rbjdssbr Ir. Lmrtkf Wgcridr ks prbjdssbr mt _ck`kpps-Tfkvdrsktt LmreuraKfstktut jr Wbzkb`bakd, Hdtzdremgc ==, I-74?71 Lmreura. Cd gmf ed rdmgcdi mt td`dpcbfd prkvmtd + 9; =11 53=?;95 br td`dpcbfd
bjgd + 9; :95= 535943?, dlmk`di mt lmrtkf.sgcrbdidrOufk-lmreura.id br jbufi bf`kfd mt www.sgcrbdidrlmrtkf.gbl
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
4/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Ycd Kftdrmgtkbf bj Wbgkm`Nustkgd Jrmlds mfi kfdqum`ktykf tcd us.
KFYUBITGYKBF.
Qcmt ib Mldrkgmf fdwspmpdrs pbrtrmy ms
jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty2 Ib tcdsd sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds
jb``bw idvd`bpldfts kf jmgtum` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, mr-
tkgu`mtkfa ms buact wcmt ks2 Ycks pmpdr mfm`yzds
wcmt tcd Fdw [brh Yklds mrtkgu`mtds ms jmgtum` mfi
jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty skfgd tcd =;4?s, tb gbftrkeutd tb
mfswdrkfa tcks qudstkbf.
Ycd dxkstkfa `ktdrmturd cms idvd`bpdi twb
ldgcmfksls, tcrbuac wckgc sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mfi sb-
gkm` nustkgd vkdws mebut kt lkact kftdrmgt. Jkrst, wcmt
ks mrtkgu`mtdi ms jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty lkact jb``bw
jmgtum` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycd ldgcmfksl edckfi tcks,
ey wckgc sbgkm` nustkgd mrauldfts mimpt tb gcmfads
kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, ks idrkvdi jrbl Cblmfs (=;19>
59;j.), wcb mrauds tcmt wcmt pdbp`d smy buact tb ed
ks idtdrlkfdi kf tcd `bfa ruf mfi wktc sbld `ma eywcmt tcdy fi kf jmgt tb ed tcd gmsd. Ld`vkf @drfdrs
(=;35) Nust Qbr`i Ycdbry rdjbrlu`mtds tcks. @drfdr
mrauds tcmt dvdf tcbuac sbgkm` `kjd ks jufimldftm``y
ufjmkr, pdbp`d cmvd m strbfa idskrd tb sdd tcd wbr`i
ms nust, sb tcmt bfd bj tcd lbst gbllbf`y besdrvdi
gcmrmgtdrkstkgs bj sbgkm` dxkstdfgd ks tcmt pdbp`d kl-
eud sbgkm` rdau`mrktkds wktc mf buact qum`kty (@drf-
dr =;35> =?8 m`sb gj. Efmebu / Ykrb`d 5??:). Mggbri-
kfa tb tcks ldgcmfksl, wcmt fdwspmpdrs mrtkgu`mtd ms
jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i mimpt tb jmgtum` gcmfads
kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
@bw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed jb``bwdi ey
dam`ktmrkmf sbgkm` nustkgd stmtdldfts. Ckac sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty scbu`i ed jb``bwdi ey kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm`
nustkgd stmtdldfts. Wurvdy stuikds kfiddi scbw tcmt
mttktuids mebut jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mimpt tb idvd`-
bpldfts kf jmgtum` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty (Hd``dy / ^m-
abrshk 5??4) mfi tb dxkstkfa wd`jmrd mrrmfadldfts
(Mrts / Ad`kssdf 5??=). Eut kt rdlmkfs ufg`dmr jrbl
tcdsd stuikds wcdtcdr tcd pue`kg iksgbursd mebut sb-
gkm` nustkgd, wckgc fdwspmpdrs iksp`my, m`sb mimpts tb
gcmfakfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Ycd sdgbfi ldgcmfksl, ey wckgc sbgkm` nus-tkgd jrmlds kf fdwspmpdrs gbu`i rd`mtd tb gcmfads
kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, ks tcd bppbsktd bj mf mimptm-
tkbf ldgcmfksl. Kt ks m tcdrlbstmt ldgcmfksl (gj.
Wgcd``kfa =;13> gcmptdr tcrdd). Mggbrikfa tb tcks
gbfgdptkbf, mrtkgu`mtdi sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds ib fbt
jb``bw, eut kfudfgd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Kf tcks gbf-
gdptkbf, kfgrdmsdi sbgkm` kfdqum`kty trkaadrs dam`ktmr-
kmf nustkgd fbrls, wckgc gbuftdr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Gbfvdrsd`y, idgrdmsdi sbgkm` kfdqum`kty dvdftum``y
trkaadrs kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm` nustkgd fbrls, wckgc
mraud mamkfst `bw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. @khd m tcdrlb-
stmt cdmtkfa up m gb`i rbbl mfi gbb`kfa ibwf m cbt
rbbl, lbrm` nustkgd vkdws kfudfgd sbgkm` kfdqum`k-
tkds tbwmris wcmt ks wkid`y mrtkgu`mtdi ms jmkr. Ycks
lbid` rd`kds bf rdsdmrgc ey Erbbhs mfi Lmfzm
(5??:8 5??1), wcb mraud tcmt sbgkm` pb`kgy ks rd-
spbfskvd tb lbrm` vkdws mebut kt (jbr sbgkm` pb`kgy
rdspbfskvdfdss, m`sb gj. _mad / Wcmpkrb =;37). Wpd-
gkgm``y, Ak`dfs scbwdi tcmt idpkgtkbf bj MjrkgmfMldrkgmfs kf fdwspmpdr stbrkds lmid Mldrkgmfs
gbffdgt pbvdrty wktc lkfbrktkds, sb tcmt tcdy wdrd
`dss ikspbsdi tb sbgkm` pb`kgy tcmt gbu`i djjdgtkvd`y
mld`kbrmtd pbvdrty. Ycks ldgcmfksl jurtcdr rd`kds
bf rdsdmrgc ey Imvki Ermiy (5??;), wcb mrauds tcmt
sbgkm` pb`kgy idtdrlkfds sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tb m `mrad
idardd. Mggbrikfa tb tcks gbfgdptkbf, wkidsprdmi
lbrm` vkdws mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfudfgd sbgkm`
pb`kgy, wckgc kfudfgds sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Jrbl tcks pdrspdgtkvd, kt ks fb surprksd tcmt
stuikds scbw tcmt dam`ktmrkmf vm`uds ab tbadtcdr wktc
lbrd pdrgdkvdi sbgkm` kfdqum`kty (Bsedra / Wlddikfa
5??:) mfi lbrd dam`ktmrkmf wd`jmrd stmtds (Erdzfmu
5?=?8 Wvm``jbrs =;;18 5?=?). Eut tcdsd stuikds `dmvd
tcd qudstkbf bpdf wcmt rb`d pue`kg ldikm iksgbursd
p`mys kf tcks. Kt ks pbsske`d, nuiakfa jrbl tcdsd stui-
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
5/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Jkaurd => Akfk bj cbusdcb`i kfgblds skfgd =;:?
Qcmt ks lbst strkhkfa ks tcd T-scmpdi idg`kfd bj sbgkm
kfdqum`kty uftk` =;1;, jb``bwdi ey mf kfgrdmsd bj
kfdqum`kty mfi kts stmek`kzmtkbf kf =;;4. Ycks kfgrdmsd
bj kfdqum`kty wdft tbadtcdr wktc kfgbld amkfsdspdgkm``y bj tcd rkgcdst =? mfi = pdrgdft bj Mldrkgmf
sbgkdty. Ms tcd jb``bwkfa aurds scbw, tcd rkgcdst
=? pdrgdft bj Mldrkgmfs cmi rbuac`y 75 pdrgdft bj
m`` kfgbld uftk` =;3?. Ycdf tcdkr kfgblds stmrtdi tb
rksd tb lbrd tcmf 94 pdrgdft bj m`` kfgblds kf 5?=?
Jkaurd 5> Kfgbld scmrd bj tbp =? pdrgdft skfgd =;4?
Qck`d tcd tbp =? pdrgdft kfgrdmsdi tcdkr scmrd bj
m`` kfgblds ey rbuac`y 4? pdrgdft, lbst bj tcd
amkfs wdft tb tcd tbp = pdrgdft, wckgc ibue`di tcdkr
kfgbld scmrd iurkfa tcd smld pdrkbi. Fbt scbwf
cdrd, tcd kfgblds bj tcd tbp = pdrgdft idg`kfdi
jrbl == pdrgdft bj m`` kfgblds kf =;4? tb 3 pdrgdft
kf =;3? mfi tcdf stmrtdi tb rksd tb =3 pdrgdft bj m``
kfgblds mjtdr 5??? (Qbr`i Ybp Kfgblds Imtmemsd
kds, tcmt pue`kg iksgbursd `kfhs sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tb
lbrm` fbrls mebut kt. Fmld`y, wkidsprdmi lbrm`
fbrls gbu`i ed mrtkgu`mtdi tcrbuac fdwspmpdrs, ey
nburfm`ksts wcb fddi tb ed kf tbugc wktc tcdkr muik-
dfgd. Ycdsd mrtkgu`mtdi sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds gbu`i
kf turf kfudfgd wcmt pb`ktkgkmfs sdd ms tcd prdvmk`-
kfa lbrm` g`klmtd, tb wckgc tcdy mimpt sbgkm` pb`kgy,
wckgc kfudfgds sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Yckri`y, tcd pbs-skek`kty dxksts tcmt tcdrd ks fb kfh edtwddf gcmfads kf
jmgtum` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mfi mrtkgu`mtdi sbgkm` nustkgd
fbrls mebut kt. Ycks pmpdr tcdrdjbrd trkds tb ufidr-
stmfi wcmt kfh, kj mfy, dxksts edtwddf sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty mfi wcmt fdwspmpdrs mrtkgu`mtd ms jmkr sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty. Yb ib sb, kt euk`is bf m ldtcbib`bay bj tdxt
mfm`ysks, wktc wckgc Amlsbf mfi Lbika`kmfk (=;3;)
rdgbfstrugt cbw fug`dmr pbwdr wms prdsdftdi kf tcd
ldikm skfgd tcd =;4?s. Tskfa m sklk`mr mfm`ysks, Jdr-
rdd dt m`. (5??5) cmvd rdgbfstrugtdi wcmt tcd ldikm
prdsdftdi ms lbrm``y mggdptme`d mebrtkbf pb`kgy mt
ikjjdrdft tklds. Lmrtkf Ak`dfs (5???) cms mfm`yzdi
jbur idgmids bj Mldrkgmf fdws gbvdrmad mebut pbv-
drty, scbwkfa tcmt Mldrkgmfs cmtd wd`jmrd edgmusd
tcd ldikm mssbgkmtds pbvdrty wktc e`mghs, sb tcmt rm-
gkm` stdrdbtypds prdvdft Mldrkgmfs tb suppbrt ldm-
surds tcmt gbu`i rdiugd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycks pmpdr
usds m gbftdft mfm`ysks tb ufidrstmfi wcdtcdr wcmt
fdwspmpdrs idsgrked ms jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty gcmfa-ds wktc br prdgdids gcmfads bj jmgtum` sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty. K wk`` ab kftb m lbrd idtmk`di iksgusskbf bj
tcd ldtcbib`bay mjtdr ckac`kactkfa wcmt K ldmf ey
gcmfads kf kfdqum`kty.
YCD T-YTUF KF KFD]TM@KY[.
Yb ldmsurd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, K `bbh mt gcmfa-
ds kf tcd Akfk gbdjgkdft bj cbusdcb`i ikspbsme`d
kfgbld skfgd =;:?, wckgc ks ms jmr emgh ms gblpm-
rme`d imtm bf tcd Akfk gbdjgkdft abds. Jrdidrkgh
Wb`t (5??;) put tbadtcdr m imtmemsd bj ikspbsme`d
cbusdcb`i kfgblds (mjtdr tmxds mfi trmfsjdr), minust-
di mggbrikfa tb tcd stmfimri sdt ey tcd @uxdlebura
Kfgbld Wtuiy. Ycd jb``bwkfa `kfd armpc scbws cbw
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, ldmsurdi ey tcks stmfimri, cms id-
vd`bpdi skfgd =;:? kf tcd TW.
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWAkfk>cbusdcb`iiksp.kfg.(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?
[dmr
7?
74
9?
94
TWYbp=?%
kfgbldscmrd.Qbr`iYbpKfgbldsI
mtmemsd
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?
[dmr
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
6/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
5?=5). Qcdf p`bttkfa tcd tcrdd ikjjdrdft ldmsurds
bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kftb bfd armpc (wktc m
ikjjdrdft sgm`d jbr dmgc kfikgmtbr), bfd besdrvds
m ardmt T-turf bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, wckgc
idgrdmsds uftk` mrbufi =;3? mfi tcdf kfgrdmsds.
Jkaurd 7> Gcmfads kf Akfk mfi kf tcd kfgbld
scmrd bj tbp = mfi tbp =? pdrgdft
Akvdf tcks jufimldftm` gcmfad kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty,
bfd gmf wbfidr cbw sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws kf tcd
ldikm gcmfadi. Iki ldikm iksgbursd jmvbr m
idg`kfd kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, wck`d sbgkm` kfdqum`ktywms mgtum``y idg`kfkfa uftk` mebut =;3?2 Mfi
iki ldikm stmtdldfts mebut sbgkm` nustkgd jmvbr mf
kfgrdmsd kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
iki kf jmgt kfgrdmsd2 Qcmt cmppdfdi iurkfa tcd
pdrkbi wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms rd`mtkvd`y `bw,
kf tcd =;1?s mfi edakffkfa =;3?s, wckgc wms m`sb
tcd tkld wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty stbppdi tb idgrdmsd
mfi stmrtdi tb kfgrdmsd2 Qdrd dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd
fbrls wkidsprdmi kf ldikm stmtdldfts tcdf2 Iki
tcdy idg`kfd, gblpmrdi tb nustkgd stmtdldfts tcmt
mivbgmtdi ckacdr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty2 Ycd jb``bwkfasdgtkbf scbws cbw gcmfads kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
gbkfgkidi wktc sbgkm` nustkgd stmtdldfts mebut kt.
CBQ LTGC IB FDQW_M_DUW YM@H MEBTY
WBGKM@ KFD]TM@KY[2
K rst ldmsurdi cbw lugc fdwspmpdrs tm`h
mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kf tdrls bj sbgkm` nustkgd.
K gcdghdi cbw lmfy mrtkg`ds kf tcd Fdw [brh
Yklds mfi tcd Qm`` Wtrddt Nburfm` gbftmkf tcd
sdmrgc tdrl sbgkm` nustkgd pdr ydmr. K gcbsd tcdsd
twb fdwspmpdrs edgmusd tcdy m`kaf wd`` bf m `djt-
rkact pb`ktkgm` spdgtrul mfi edgmusd tcdkr mrgckvds
ab emgh tb =;4?, mggdsske`d tcrbuac tcd _rbqudst
Ckstbrkgm` fdwspmpdrs imtmemsd. K sdmrgcdi jbr cbw
bjtdf tcd tdrl sbgkm` nustkgd bggurrdi, edgmusd kt
kfikgmtds cbw lugc sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks tm`hdi mebutkf tdrls bj nustkgd. Ycd jb``bwkfa armpc scbws
cbw bjtdf sbgkm` nustkgd ms m sdmrgc tdrl gmf ed
jbufi kf tcd twb fdwspmpdrs ms m pdrgdftmad bj m``
mrtkg`ds tcmt mppdmrdi kf dmgc fdwspmpdr, gblpmrdi
tb tcd mebvd-ldftkbfdi Akfk bj cbusdcb`i kfgblds.
Jkaurd 9> Wdmrgc tdrl sbgkm` nustkgd kf tcd F[
Yklds mfi tcd Qm`` Wtrddt Nburfm`
Ycd gbftkfubus `kfd (vm`uds bf tcd rkact mxks) scbws
tcd Akfk gbdjgkdft jbr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty (kt ks tcd
smld ms kf Jkaurd =). Ycd twb imscdi `kfds scbw
wcmt pdrgdftmad bj mrtkg`ds kf tcd F[ Yklds mfi tcd
Qm`` Wtrddt Nburfm` gbftmkf tcd pcrmsd sbgkm` nus-tkgd (vm`uds bf `djt y mxks). Qcmt ks kftdrdstkfa ks
tcmt wck`d sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms jmkr`y `bw, jrbl tcd
dfi bj tcd =;:?s tb tcd dmr`y =;3?s, m `mrad scmrd
bj tcd mrtkg`ds kf tcd F[ Yklds fbfdtcd`dss tm`hs
mebut sbgkm` nustkgd. Mttdftkbf tb sbgkm` nustkgd tcdf
idgrdmsdi, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi stmrt-
kfa mrbufi =;34. Mttdftkbf mamkf suradi bf`y mjtdr
5??4. Gblpmrdi tb tcd F[ Yklds, m `dssdr pdrgdft-
mad bj mrtkg`ds kf tcd Qm`` Wtrddt Nburfm` tm`hs mebut
7?
74
9?
94
TWYbp=?%
kfgbldscmrd.
Qbr`iYbpKfgbldsImtmemsd5?=5
3
=?
=5
=9
=:
=3
TWYbp=%
kfgbldscmrd.
Qbr`iYbpKfgbldsImtmemsd5?=5
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWA
kfk>cbusdcb`iiksp.
kfg.(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
=; 4? =; 44 =; :? =;:4 =; 1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =; ;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
TW Ybp =% kfgbld scmrd. Qbr`i Ybp Kfgblds Imtmemsd 5?=5
TW Ybp =?% kfgbld scmrd. Qbr`i Ybp Kfgblds Imtmemsd 5?=5
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWA
kfk>cbusdcb`iikspbsme`dkfgbld(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
?
.?4
.=
.=4
.5
.54
_drgdftmadbjmrtkg`dsgbftmkfkfatcdsdmrgctdrl'sbgkm`nustkgd'
= ;4 ? =;4 4 = ;: ? = ;: 4 = ;1 ? = ;1 4 = ;3? = ;3 4 = ;; ? =;; 4 5 ?? ? 5 ?? 4 5 ?= ?[dmr
F[ Yklds> sdmrgc tdrl 'sbgkm` nustkgd' / m`` mrtkg`ds
QWN> sdmrgc tdrl 'sbgkm` nustkgd' kf % bj m`` mr tkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i ikspbsme`d kfgbld (@KW stmfimri), Wb `t 5?==
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
7/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
m `bt mebut kt. Ycdf mttdftkbf ikds ibwf sbldwcmt
kf tcd =;;?s mfi mamkf surads mjtdr 5???. Ycks ks mf
kftdrdstkfa puzz`d. Qck`d sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms bw,
tcd Fdw [brh Yklds mfi (`dss sb) tcd Qm`` Wtrddt
Nburfm` tm`hdi mebut sbgkm` nustkgd. Qcdf sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty tcdf kfktkm``y kfgrdmsdi jrbl =;3? tb =;34,
tcdy m`sb stk`` tm`hdi mebut kt m `bt. Eut wcdf sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty hdpt bf kfgrdmskfa kf tcd =;;?s, tcdy bst
kftdrdst kf tcd tbpkg. Ycdrdjbrd, tcd bvdrm`` pkgturdks tcmt m slm`` pdrgdftmad bj m`` mrtkg`ds trdmts tcd
tbpkg edjbrd =;:4 mfi kf tcd =;;?s. Bfd pbsskek`-
kty ks tcmt tcdrd ks fb `kfh edtwddf sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty mfi tm`h mebut sbgkm` nustkgd edgmusd tm`h mebut
tcd `mttdr ks gbfgdrfdi wktc btcdr tbpkgs tcmf lmtd-
rkm` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycdrdjbrd, K cmvd m`sb `bbhdi
mt cbw lmfy mrtkg`ds kf tcd F[ Yklds gbftmkf tcd
lbrd jbgusdi hdywbris> kfgbld* sbgkm`* dqum`*
nustkgd pbvdrty. Ms tcd jb``bwkfa Jkaurd scbws,
tcd ikstrkeutkbf bj tcd scmrd bj tcdsd mrtkg`ds jb`-`bws m sklk`mr pmttdrf ms tcd sbgkm` nustkgd mrtkg`ds.
Jkaurd 4> Mrtkg`ds tcmt gbftmkf tcd sdmrgc tdrls
kfgbld* sbgkm`* dqum`* nustkgd pbvdrty
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri) , Wb`t 5?==
F[ tklds> sdmrgc tdrl> kfgbld* sbgkm`* *dqum`* nustkgd pbvdrty / m`` mrtkg`ds
F[ Yklds> sdmrgc tdrl 'sbgkm` nustkgd' / m`` mr tkg`ds
Udamri`dss bj wcdtcdr bfd `bbhs mt tcd erbmid
tdrl sbgkm` nustkgd br lbrd spdgkg sdmrgc tdrls
tcd puzz`d rdlmkfs> Lmfy mrtkg`ds tm`h mebut sbgkm
nustkgd br gbftmkf lbrd fmrrbw hdywbris tb tck
rdamri wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms fbt vdry ckac
Ycdrd wms m spkhd bj mrtkg`ds idvbtdi tb sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty-rd`mtdi tbpkgs mt tcd dfi bj tcd =;:?s
mfi kf tcd dmr`y =;3?s. Ycks ks tcd dxmgt smld tkld
wcdf Lmrtkf Ak`dfs (5???> ==7) jbufi lbst stbrkdsmebut pbvdrty, sb tcmt bfd gmf ed jmkr`y gbfidf
tcmt kt ks kfiddi mt tcdsd tklds tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`
kty kf bfd jbrl mfbtcdr wms lbst tm`hdi mebut
Eut wcmt nustkgd vkdws iki tcd mrtkg`ds mrtkgu`mtd2 Yb
mfswdr tcks qudstkbf, K rdmi m`` mrtkg`ds kf tcd Fdw
[brh Yklds tcmt gbftmkfdi tcd sdgbfi sdt bj sdmrgc
tdrls (kfgbld* sbgkm`* dqum`* nustkgd pbvdrty)
Ycks wms m lmfmadme`d mlbuft bj mrtkg`ds tb rdmi
mfi tb gbid (4?7 mrtkg`ds, ms bppbsdi tb 4593 mrtk
g`ds tcmt gbftmkf tcd sdmrgc tdrl sbgkm` nustkgd). Kftcd jb``bwkfa sdgtkbf, K d`mebrmtd cbw K gbidi tcd
ikjjdrdft nustkgd vkdws tcmt tcdsd mrtkg`ds mrtkgu`mtd
WBGKM@ NTWYKGD JUMLDW KF
FDQW_M_DU MUYKG@DW
Mebut cm`j bj tcd 4?7 mfm`yzdi mrtkg`ds gbftmkfdi
stmtdldfts cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks br cbw kt scbu`i
ed. K gbidi tcdsd mrtkg`ds wktc twb gbids> K usdi
wcmt K gm`` KW-gbids jbr stmtdldfts mebut cbw
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks, wck`d WCBT@I-gbids gmpturd stmtdldfts cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed
K cmi tb sueikvkid tcdsd idsgrkptkbfs bj mfi nus
tkgd vkdws mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kftb m lmfmad
me`d fuledr bj sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds. Jrmlds mrd
sgcdlmtm bj kftdrprdtmtkbf tcmt lmhd kt pbsske`d
jbr kfikvkium`s tb `bgmtd, pdrgdkvd, kidftkjy, mfi
`med` tcd wbr`i mrbufi tcdl (Abjjlmf =;19
5=). Ycus, tcd vkdwpbkft tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks
strugturdi ey tcd prkfgkp`d bj dam`ktmrkmfksl ks m
jrmld8 sb ks tcd bppbsdi vkdwpbkft tcmt sbgkm` kf
dqum`kty ks suestmftkm` mfi tcus strugturdi ey kf
ikvkium`ksl. Qck`d tcdsd mrd jrmlds cbw sbgkm
kfdqum`kty ks, tcd sdgbfi typd bj jrmld mrtkgu`mtd
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
8/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
tcmt stkpu`mtdi wcdf tb usd wcmt gbid uftk` K gbu`i
t lbrd mfi lbrd mrtkg`ds kftb tcd gbikfa sgcdld,
wktcbut cmvkfa tb gcmfad kt jurtcdr (gj. tcdbrdtkgm`
smturmtkbf kf A`msdr / Wtrmuss =;:1> :=). Bfgd K cmi
sugc m systdl bj gbids kf p`mgd, K wdft emgh mfi
rdgbidi tcd mrtkg`ds, tb ed surd tcmt tcd gbikfa sys-
tdl jbr nustkgd jrmlds kfiddi wbrhdi jbr m`` mrtkg`ds
Kf tcd gbursd bj idvd`bpkfa mfi uskfa tcd gbids, K
wrbtd m gbidebbh tcmt akvds kfstrugtkbfs wcmt typd
bj stmtdldft cms tb ed gbidi wktc wcmt nustkgd
jrmld8 mt rst tcks cd`pdi tb systdlmtkzd ly bwf
gbikfa prmgtkgd, `mtdr kt lmid tcd gbikfa kftdrsue-
ndgtkvd`y rdprbiugke`d. Ey uskfa tcd gbidebbh, tcd
mutcbr mfi m stuidft msskstmft rdmgcdi mf kftdrgbidr
rd`kmek`kty bj 3? pdrgdft. Ycus, wd gbidi tcd smld
mrtkg`ds wktc tcd smld gbids kf mebut 3? pdrgdft bj
tcd gmsds, sb tcmt tcd lbst wkid`y mggdptdi qum`kty
grktdrkbf jbr gbftdft mfm`ysks wms rdmgcdi (Fdudf-
ibrj 5??5> =97). Mjtdr cmvkfa gbidi tcd nustkgd vkdws
wktc LMS]IM, K dxpbrtdi tcd jrdqudfgy bj gbi-
kfas kftb Wtmtm mfi gbfvdrtdi tcdl tb ydmr`y bggur-
rdfgds bj dmgc nustkgd jrmld, ikvkidi ey tcd bvdrm``
fuledr bj mrtkg`ds. Kf tcd jb``bwkfa, K mfm`yzd dmgc
nustkgd gbid mggbrikfa tb cbw bjtdf kt bggurrdi ms m
pdrgdftmad bj mrtkg`ds tcmt tcd fdwspmpdrs pue`kscdi
K stmrt wktc tcd KW-gbids, wckgc lkrrbr cbw sbgkm
kfdqum`kty wms idsgrkedi kf fdwspmpdrs. YcdfK gbftkfud wktc cbw tcd WCBT@I-gbids id-
vd`bpdi, scbwkfa wcmt wms smki cbw sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty scbu`i ed. K rst idsgrked dmgc gbid
tcdf K scbw cbw bjtdf kt bggurrdi bvdr tcd ydmrs
KW-JUMLDWKW-KFIKZKITM@KWL
Ycks gbid gmpturds stmtdldfts tcmt mraud tcmt, erbmi-
`y spdmhkfa, sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks ckac br kfgrdmskfa
Ycdrdjbrd, tcks gbid akvds m ldmsurd bj cbw bjtdf
kt wms ldftkbfdi tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks ckac. Wdv-
df sue gbids, dmgc m vmrkmft bj tcks adfdrm` jrmld
gbfstktutd tcks gbid. Gbfgrdtd`y, stmtdldfts mebut
gurrdft sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tcmt t bfd bj tcdsd sdvdf
jrmlds wdrd msskafdi tcd gbid KW-kfikvkium`ksl
cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed. D.a. sbldbfd
lkact mraud tcmt kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed strugturdi ey
dam`ktmrkmf prkfgkp`ds br tcmt kt scbu`i ed strugturdi
ey kfikvkium`kstkg prkfgkp`ds, sb tcmt dvdrybfd gmf
hddp wcmt cd cms mfi fbtckfa ks rdikstrkeutdi. Bj
gbursd tcdrd mrd vm`ki mrauldfts kf jmvbr bj lbrd
br `dss sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Jrmlkfa tcus ldmfs tb
sd`dgt sbld mspdgts bj m pdrgdkvdi rdm`kty mfi lmhdtcdl lbrd sm`kdft kf m gbllufkgmtkfa tdxt, kf sugc
m wmy ms tb prblbtd m pmrtkgu`mr prbe`dl idfk-
tkbf, gmusm` kftdrprdtmtkbf, lbrm` dvm`umtkbf, mfi/br
trdmtldft rdgblldfimtkbf jbr tcd ktdl idsgrkedi
(Dftlmf =;;7> 45). Ycd qudstkbf tcus ks wcmt vkdw,
mfi tcdrdey jrmld, mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mgtbrs mrd
me`d tb prblbtd kf tcd lmss ldikm. Kj tcd jrmld tcmt
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks edfdgkm` ks lugc lbrd prdvm-
`dft kf tcd ldikm, kt ks pbsske`d tcmt tcks ebtc skafk-
ds mfi / br gmusds gcmfads kf wkidsprdmi pue`kg
ed`kdvds mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty (gj. ^m``dr =;;5).
Tskfa m arbufidi tcdbry mpprbmgc, K swktgcdi emgh
mfi jbrtc edtwddf gbikfa tcd mrtkg`ds mfi ey ib-
kfa sb, gbfgdptum`kzkfa cbw tb gbid tcdl (A`msdr
/ Wtrmuss =;:18 Wtrmuss / Gbrekf =;;?). Mt rst, K
usdi sbgkm` nustkgd gbids jrbl tcd Kftdrfmtkbfm` Wb-
gkm` Nustkgd _rbndgt (Qdadfdr / @kdeka =;;78 m`sb
gj. Ibua`ms =;35). Ycdf tcd gbikfa scbwdi tcmt
tcdsd cmi tb ed rdfdi. Ms ldftkbfdi, mf dmr`y mfi
jufimldftm` ikstkfgtkbf rmf edtwddf mrauldfts bfcbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks strugturdi (KW-gbids) mfi
cbw kt scbu`i ed strugturdi (WCBT@I-gbids).
Ycd twb lbst klpbrtmft sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds tcmt
dldradi kf dmgc rdamri wdrd> =) dam`ktmrkmfksl, m
gbid K usdi jbr stmtdldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks
strugturdi mggbrikfa tb dam`ktmrkmf prkfgkp`ds (KW-
gbid) br tcmt kt scbu`i ed strugturdi mggbrikfa tb
dam`ktmrkmf prkfgkp`ds (WCBT@I-gbid). Bppbsdi
tbtcks wdrd stmtdldfts tcmt K med`di 5) kfikvkium`-ksl. Ycdsd dktcdr idsgrked tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks
ckac (KW-gbid) br tcmt kt scbu`i ed ckac (WCBT@I-gbid). Gbikfa tcd mrtkg`ds scbwdi tcmt sbld stmtd-
ldfts mrd fbt mebut dqum` br ufdqum` butgblds,
eut mebut dqum` bppbrtufktkds. Ycks amvd rksd tb
tcd KW-gbid 7m) msgrkptkvksl, jbr stmtdldfts tcmt
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks emsdi bf ufdqum` bppbrtu-
fkty mfi tb tcd WCBT@I-gbid 7e) dqum` bppbr-
tufkty, mraukfa tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed
emsdi bf dqum` bppbrtufkty. K d`mebrmtdi m systdl
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
9/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Dmgc pbkft rdprdsdfts cbw bjtdf mf kfikvkium`kstkg
nustkgd vkdw wms gbidi kf tcmt ydmr, ikvkidi ey m`` mr-
tkg`ds tcmt tcd F[ Yklds pue`kscdi kf tcd smld ydmr
Jbr dxmlp`d, tcd imtm pbkft wktc tcd ckacdst y-vm`uds
kfikgmtds tcmt kf =;39, kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd vkdws
rdprdsdft ?.?45 pdrgdft bj m`` mrtkg`ds tcmt tcd F[
Yklds pue`kscdi kf tcmt ydmr. Edgmusd kfikvkium`ks-
tkg idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ugtumtd lugc
jrbl ydmr tb ydmr, K usdi `bgm``y wdkactdi sgmttdrp`bt
slbbtckfa, wckgc usds 5? pdrgdft bj tcd mvmk`me`d
imtm mrbufi dmgc pbkft, tb dstklmtd m gurvd tcmt ts
tcd `bfa-ruf trdfi kf cbw bjtdf tcks jrmld wms usdi
Nuiakfa ey tcd gurvd tcmt tcks ykd`is, sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty uftk` tcd dfi bj tcd =;:?s wms rmrd`y idsgrkedi
kf kfikvkium`kstkg tdrls. Ycks ldmfs kt wms rmrd`y
mraudi tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks ckac br kfgrdmskfa.
Mjtdr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty rbsd kf tcd =;3?s, gblldftm-
tbrs kfktkm``y kfgrdmskfa`y ldftkbfdi tcmt kt jb``bwskfikvkium`kstkg prkfgkp`ds. Eut kftdrdstkfa`y, mjtdr tcd
kfktkm` rksd kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kf tcd dmr`y =;3?s, `dss
mfi `dss mrtkg`ds rdlmrh bf tcks, kfikgmtkfa m pbs-
ske`d mimptmtkbf djjdgt bj fdwspmpdr mttdftkbf tb
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, wcdrdey ckac sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks
mjtdr kt dfiurds jbr m wck`d, sddf ms `dss fdwswbr-
tcy. Ycks gbu`i m`sb kfikgmtd mf mimptmtkbf djjdgt bj
mrtkgu`mtdi sbgkm` nustkgd fbrls tbwmris jmgtum` kf-
dqum`kty. Eut edjbrd wd nulp tb sugc m gbfg`uskbf
wd scbu`i `bbh mt cbw tcd bppbsdi gbid idvd`bpdi,
wckgc idsgrkeds sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ms dam`ktmrkmf
=)Kfikvkium`s mrd rdspbfske`d jbr tcdkr bwf jmtd.
Ycdy gmf hddp lbst bj wcmt tcdy dmrf mfi tcd stmtd
ibds fbt rdikstrkeutd tb br jrbl tcdl.
5)_bvdrty ks ckac br wkidsprdmi.
7)Wbgkm` edfdts br rkacts mrd gut, wckgc kfgrdmsds
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Dmgc bj tcdsd stmtdldfts kfikgmtds ckac br kfgrdms-
kfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. M typkgm` kfikvkium`kst KW jrmld
ks> tdf lk``kbf Mldrkgmfs wdft tb edi cufary `mst
fkact mfi uradft culmf fddis gbftkfud tb ab uf-
ldt (Fdw [brh Yklds 55.?5.=;1? @dttdrs tb tcd
Diktbr). K cmvd gbidi cbw bjtdf sugc stmtdldfts
bggur ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mrtkg`ds pue`kscdi kf m
akvdf ydmr. Ycd jb``bwkfa Jkaurd scbws tcks skfgd
=;4? mfi tbadtcdr wktc gcmfads kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Jkaurd :> Kfdqum`kty mfi idsgrkptkbfs bj kfdqum`-kty ms kfikvkium`kstkg
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWAkfk>cbusd
cb
`iiksp.
kfg
.(@KWs
tmf
imri
),Wb
`t5?==
?
.?=
.?5
.?7
.?9
.?4
KsKfikvkium
`ksl
F[Yklds
%b
jm
``mrt
kg`ds
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
Ks Kfikvkium`ksl F[ Yklds % bj m`` mrtkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
emfiwkitc < .5
@bwdss slbbtcdr
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
10/23
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
11/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Jkaurd 3> Kfdqum`kty mfi idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkdty ms
msgrkptkvkstkg
Ycd mrauldft tcmt ufdqum` bppbrtufktkds strugturd
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms lmid vdry bjtdf mrbufi =;:3.
Ycd prdvm`dfgd bj tcks jrmld `dvd`s bjj tbwmris tcd
edakffkfa bj tcd =;:?s mfi tcd `mtd =;3?s. Ycd tkld
wcdf tcks jrmld ks wkidsprdmi, mt tcd dfi bj tcd =;:?s
mfi tcd dmr`y =;1?s ks dxmgt`y tcd tkld wcdf Lmrtkf
Ak`dfs (5???> ==9) jbufi m ckac pdrgdftmad bj Mjrkgmf
Mldrkgmfs idpkgtdi kf mrtkg`ds tcmt idm` wktc pbvdrty.
Ycus, kt ks prbeme`d tcmt tcks vmrkme`d kfiddi gmpturdswcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mrauldfts wdrd bjtdf lmid
rdamrikfa dqum` bppbrtufktkds bj Mjrkgmf Mldrkgmfs.
Eut kftdrdstkfa`y, sugc stmtdldfts tcmt dqum` bppbrtufk-
tkds mrd `mghkfa wdrd prdvm`dft mt m tkld wcdf lmtdrkm`
kfdqum`kty, ldmsurdi ey tcd Akfk, wms bw br idg`kfkfa.
Kt ks jurtcdr kftdrdstkfa tb fbtd tcmt tcks KW-gbid usum``y
mppdmrdi g`bsd tb WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmfksl gbids, mebut
wckgc K wk`` tm`h jurtcdr ed`bw. Ycus, tdxt sdaldfts
tcmt mrd gbidi wktc tcks jrmld wdrd bjtdf m`sb gbidi
wktc dam`ktmrkmf WCBT@I-gbids, dspdgkm``y wktc tcd
mrauldft tcmt emskg fddis scbu`i ed ldt jbr dvdrybfd.
M typkgm` mrauldft wms tcmt e`mghs ib fbt dfnby dqum`
bppbrtufktkds (KW), eut tcmt gmrd cms tb ed tmhdf tcmt
tcks arbup ibds fbt sujjdr jrbl pbvdrty (WCBT@I).
KFIKZKITM@KWYKG, DAM@KYMUKMF MFI MW-
GUK_YKZKWYKG IDWGUK_YKBFW BJ WBGKM@
KFD]TM@KY[ GBL_MUDI
Qck`d tcd prdgdikfa Jkaurds gblpmrdi tcd
kfgkidfgd bj idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty rd`mtkvd tb jmgtum` kfdqum`kty, tcd jb``bwkfa
Jkaurd scbws cbw tcd prdvm`dfgd bj ikjjdrdftjrmlds gcmfadi rd`mtkvd tb btcdrs. Ycks gmfgd`s
but tcmt kf sbld ydmrs m`` tcrdd vkdws bj sbgkdty
wdrd lbrd prbfbufgdi, sklp`y edgmusd tcdrd
wdrd lbrd mrtkg`ds mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Kt
tcus akvds mf klprdsskbf bj cbw idsgrkptkbfs bj
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kf Mldrkgm cmvd sckjtdi rd`m-
tkvd tb btcdrs.
Jkaurd ;> Idsgrkptkbfs bj kfdqum`kty ms kfik-
vkium`kstkg, dam`ktmrkmf mfi msgrkptkvkstkg
Bvdrm`` mfi rd`mtkvd tb btcdr idsgrkptkbfs, Mldr-
kgmf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks lbst bjtdf idsgrkedi
wktckf mf kfikvkium`kstkg jrmld. Eut wck`d sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty wms fbt idsgrkedi wktckf sugc m jrmld
kf =;:5 mfi =;:7 mfi rmrd`y idsgrkedi ms sugc
mrbufi tcmt imtd, kfikvkium`ksl ks g`dmr`y tcd
iblkfmft jrmld skfgd tcd lki-=;1?s. Kf lmfy
ydmrs mjtdr tcd =;1?s, Mldrkgmf sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty ks dxg`uskvd`y idsgrkedi wktckf mf kfikvkium`-
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWAkfk>cbusdcb`iiksp.
kfg.
(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
?
.??4
.?=
.?=4
.?5
.?54
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?
[dmr
Ks Msgrkptkvksl F[ Yklds % bj m`` mrtkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
emfiwkitc < .5
@bwdss slbbtcdr
? 5? 9? :? 3?
5??15??45??95??75??55??=5???=;;1=;;:=;;4=;;9=;;7=;;5=;;==;;?=;33=;31=;3:=;34=;39
=;37=;35=;3==;3?=;1;=;13=;11=;1:=;14=;19=;17=;15=;1==;1?=;:;=;:3=;:1=;::=;:4=;:9=;:7=;:5=;:?=;4;=;43=;4:=;44=;49=;47=;45=;4?
F[ Yklds> stmtdldft 'sbgkdty ks kfikvkium`kstkg' ms % bj mrtkg`ds
F[ Yklds> stmtdldft 'sbgkdty ks dam`ktmrkmf' ms % bj mrtkg`ds
F[ Yklds> stmtdldft 'sbgkdty ibds fbt armft dqum` gcmfgds' ms % bj mrtkg`d
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
12/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
tdrls, tcd rdsu`t rdlmkfs gbfskstdft tcmt kfikvkiu-
m`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds kfgrdmsdi kf idsgrkptkbfs bj
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycus, tcd kfgrdmsd kf sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty skfgd =;3? ks lkrrbrdi ey cbw sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty ks idsgrkedi. Eut tcdrd mrd fbt bf`y jrmlds
tcmt idsgrked cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks. Ycdrd mrd
m`sb jrmlds tcmt idsgrked cbw kt scbu`i ed. Ycdsd
stmtdldfts gbfstktutd tcd WCBT@I-jrmlds. Ycdfdxt sdgtkbfs scbw cbw tcdy idvd`bpdi bvdr tkld
WCBT@I-JUMLDWWCBT@I-KFIKZKITM@KWL
Mfm`ba tb stmtdldfts mraukfa tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
ibds jb``bw kfikvkium`kstkg prkfgkp`ds, sbld stmtd-
ldfts mraud tcmt kt scbu`i jb``bw kfikvkium`kstkg
prkfgkp`ds. Kfstdmi bj idsgrkekfa tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty ks ckac, stmtdldfts tcmt cmvd eddf gbidi wktctcks gbid mraud tcmt kt scbu`i ed ckac. Dmgc bj tcd
sue gbids bj tcks gbid ks m vmrkmft bj tcks adfdrm`
mrauldft mfi kfikgmtds, kf bfd wmy br mfbtcdr, jbr
tcd `daktklmgy bj d`dvmtdi sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Gbf-
grdtd`y, tcd gbikfa bj tcd mrtkg`ds `di tb m ikvkskbf
bj tcd gbids kftb tcd jb``bwkfa sue gbids, wckgc m``
kf bfd wmy br mfbtcdr mraud jbr ckac sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty. M WCBT@I-kfikvkium`ksl sbgkm` nustkgd jrmld
wms msskafdi tb stmtdldfts bj tcd jb``bwkfa typd
=) Wbgkm` kfdqum`kty rdsu`ts jrbl ldrkt mfiscbu`i tcus fbt ed rdiugdi.
5) Bfd cms fb rkact tb tmhd jrbl kfikvkium`s tb
rdikstrkeutd tb btcdrs.
7) Udikstrkeutkbf cms tb ed mvbkidi edgmusd kt
idstrbys kfikvkium` rdspbfskek`kty mfi / br jrddibl.
9) Kfdqum`kty ks dgbfblkgm``y prbiugtkvd
4) Udikstrkeutkvd spdfikfa ks wmstdju`.
:) Udikstrkeutkvd spdfikfa grdmtds idpdfidft br
ufdlp`bydi rdgkpkdfts.
M`` tcdsd gbids `daktklkzd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ey
mraukfa mamkfst rdikstrkeutkbf br kf jmvbr bj kf-
gbld ikjjdrdfgds. Ycd jb``bwkfa stmtdldfts mrd
dxmlp`ds bj m WCBT@I-kfikvkium`ksl jrmld
wckgc mrauds tcmt kfstktutkbfm`kzdi rdikstrkeu-
tkbf tcmt gbu`i rdiugd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks emi
tcdrd mrd dfbuac pdbp`d tb usd tcdkr bwf rdsburgds ey
vb`uftmry ldmfs tb mld`kbrmtd wcmt tcdy vkdw ms tcd
wbrst pbvdrty kf tcd sbgkdty. Mfi kj tcdy idvbtdi sbld
bj tcdkr dfdray tbwmris vb`uftmry gcmrktme`d mgtkvk-
kstkg jrmld, lmkf`y tb tcd idtrkldft bj mf dam`ktmrkmf
bfd. Ycd smld rdsu`t mpp`kds wcdf bfd `bbhs fbt mt
cbw bjtdf kfikvkium`kstkg jrmlds mrd usdi rd`mtkvd tb
tcd bvdrm`` fuledr bj mrtkg`ds kf tcd F[ Yklds br
rd`mtkvd tb btcdr nustkgd jrmlds, ms ibfd mebvd, eut
rd`mtkvd tb m`` tcd mrtkg`ds K cmvd gbidi. Ycd jb``bw-
kfa armpc lmps cbw bjtdf kfikvkium`kstkg mfi dam`k-
tmrkmf jrmlds bf dxkstkfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mppdmrbvdr tkld ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mfm`yzdi mrtkg`ds.
Jkaurd =?> Dam`ktmrkmf mfi kfikvkium`kstkg stmtd-
ldfts mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ms pdrgdftmad bj
mrtkg`ds jbufi
Ycd y-mxks abds mebvd =?? pdrgdft edgmusd m nustkgd
jrmld gmf mppdmr lbrd tcmf bfgd kf mf mrtkg`d, m`-
`bwkfa lbrd msskafdi gbids kf m ydmr tcmf mfm`yzdi
mrtkg`ds. Ycks Jkaurd m`sb lmhds g`dmr tcmt dxkstkfa
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty cms eddf kfgrdmskfa`y idsgrkedi
wktckf mf kfikvkium`kstkg jrmld, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty kfgrdmsdi kf tcd =;3?s. Tftk` mrbufi =;3?, sb-gkm` kfdqum`kty wms mebut ms bjtdf idsgrkedi wktckf
dam`ktmrkmf, ms wktckf kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds.
Eut skfgd tcdf, dxp`mfmtkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty wktckf mf kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm` nustkgd jrmld
mrd lugc strbfadr tcmf wktckf mf dam`ktmrkmf jrmld.
Ycus, rdamri`dss bj kj wd `bbh mt kfikvkium`kstkg
nustkgd vkdws ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mrtkg`ds tcmt mp-
pdmrdi kf tcd F[ Yklds, ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mr-
tkg`ds mfm`yzdi br dvdf (fbt scbwf cdrd) kf mesb`utd
7?
75
79
7
:
73
TWAkfk>cbusdcb`iiksp.
kfg.
(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
?
=??
5??
7??
9??
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
F[ Yklds> 'sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks kfikvkium`kstkg' ms % bj mrtkg`ds jbufi
F[ Yklds> 'sbgkm` kfdqum kty ks dam ktmrkmf ms % bj mrtkg`ds jbufi
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
-
8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
13/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
tkds ms bppbsdi tb trykfa tb adt `daks`mtkbf pmssdi, wd
wbu`i fi m `bt bj tcd pbvdrty mld`kbrmtdi - dspdgkm`-
`y kj wd abt rki bj sbld bj tcd abvdrfldft mgtkvktkds
wckgc mrd cd`pkfa grdmtd pbvdrty, khd lkfklul wmad
`mws. (Ubedrt Fbzkgh kf tcd F[ Yklds, Nmf. 7, =;3=)
K tckfh kj yburd abkfa tb cmvd tmx rd`kdj, dvdryebiy buact
tb adt kt. Mfi tcdrdjbrd wdm`tcy pdbp`d mrd abkfa tb adt
kt. (Adbrad Eusc kf tcd F[ Yklds, Bgtbedr =3, 5???.)
Kf tcks sdfsd, tcks jrmld mrauds tcmt fb bfd cms
m rkact tb tmhd jrbl bfd pdrsbf tb akvd tb mfbtcdr,
wktc tcd mkl bj idgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Kt mr-
auds tcmt pdbp`d idsdrvd wcmt tcdy cmvd, sb kt scbu`i
fbt ed tmhdf mwmy jrbl tcdl. Kf tcks sdfsd, tcks nus-
tkgd jrmld `daktklkzds mfi mshs jbr sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty. Wb wktc idgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty uftk` =;3?
mfi kfgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty skfgd tcdf, cbwprdvm`dft ks tcks sbgkm` nustkgd jrmld2 Ycd jb``bwkfa
Jkaurd scbws cbw bjtdf kt bggurrdi ms m pdrgdftmad
bj m`` mrtkg`ds kf tcd Fdw [brh Yklds kf tcmt ydmr.
Jkaurd ==> Kfdqum`kty mfi mrauldfts jbr kfdqum`kty
Tftk` =;1?, jdw WCBT@I-kfikvkium`ksl nustkgd
jrmlds gmf ed jbufi. Kt rmrd`y cmppdfdi tcmt ckac
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms `daktklkzdi tcrbuac kfikvkiu-
m`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds. Ycks gcmfadi kf tcd =;1?s.
Lbrd mfi lbrd stmtdldfts `daktklkzd sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty. Ycdsd bjtdf mraudi tcmt rdikstrkeutkbf tb
tcd pbbr ks tbb dxpdfskvd br wmstdju`. Wugc mrau-
ldfts rdmgcdi m pdmh kf tcd lki-=;3?s, wcdrd tcdy
`daktklkzdi kfgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, wckgc
gmld tbadtcdr wktc tcd Udmamf-rdjbrls. Kfikvkiu-
m`kstkg nustkgd vkdws rdlmkfdi rd`mtkvd`y strbfa kf
tcd =;;?s mfi tcdf mamkf rbsd mrbufi 5??4. Ycd
kfgrdmsd bj tcks nustkgd jrmld kfikgmtds m gcmfad
kf lbrm` mrauldfts mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Qck`d
kt wms ufgbllbf tb mraud kf jmvbr bj ckac sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty edjbrd =;1?, kfikvkium`kstkg WCBT@I-
jrmlds kfgrdmsdi tcdrdmjtdr. Mt tcd smld tkld,
sbgkm` nustkgd mrauldfts tcmt idlmfidi dam`ktmrkmf-
ksl idg`kfdi, ms tcd fdxt sdgtkbf scbws.
WCBT@I-DAM@KYMUKMFKWL
WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmfksl jrmlds m`` mraud jbr bw kf-
dqum`kty, kf m vmrkdty bj wmys. Ycd sue gbids lkrrbr tcd
ikjjdrdft wmys cbw dss kfdqum`kty kssudi jbr. Ycd jb`-
`bwkfa kst k``ustrmtds tcd typd bj stmtdldfts tcmt cmvd
eddf gbidi wktc m WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmfksl gbid>
=) Emskg fddis lust ed ldt jbr dvdrybfd.
5) _ue`kg kfvdstldfts scbu`i grdmtd abbi nbes jbr
dvdrybfd.
7) Wbgkm` dqum`kty ks dgbfblkgm``y prbiugtkvd.
9) _dbp`d cmvd culmf rkacts tb sbgkm` trmfsjdrs mfi
sbgkm` prbtdgtkbf.
4) Qdm`tcy pdbp`d scbu`i pmy iksprbpbrtkbfmtd`y
lbrd tcmf pbbr pdbp`d.
:) Dvdrybfd scbu`i bwf prbpdrty / cmvd wdm`tc.
Ycd dam`ktmrkmf WCBT@I-gbid tcmt mppdmrdi lbst
bjtdf ey jmr ks sue gbid fuledr =, mraudkfa tcmt
dvdrybfds emskg fddis lust ed ldt. Ycks gbidbjtdf gb-bggurs wktc tcd KW-kfikvkium`ksl gbid,
wckgc mrauds tcmt pbvdrty ks ckac br wkidsprdmi.
Ycus, tcd mrauldft tcmt dvdrybfds emskg fddis
scbu`i ed ldt bggurs dspdgkm``y jrdqudft`y kf tcd
prdsdfgd bj tcd gbid tcmt mrauds tcmt pbvdrty ks
wkidsprdmi. Ycks ks mf kfikgmtbr tcmt dam`ktmrkmf
nustkgd fbrls edgbld mrtkgu`mtdi wcdf `mrad sbgkm`
kfdqum`ktkds mrd tm`hdi mebut. Dxdlp`mry stmtd-
ldfts tcmt rdgdkvdi tcks gbid wdrd>
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWA
kfk>cbusd
cb
`iiksp.
kfg.
(@KWs
tmf
imri
),
Wb
`t5?==
?
.??4
.?=
.?=4
F[Y>mrauldf
tsjbr
kfikvkium
`ksl
kfsbg
km`kfdq.
ms%
bjmrt
kg`ds
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4=;1? =;14 =;3? =;34=;;? =;;45???5??4 5?=?[dmr
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr kfikvkium`ksl kf sbgkm` kfdq. ms % bj mrtkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
emfiwkitc < .5
@bwdss slbbtcdr
-
8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
14/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
pbvdrty mfi tcd culmf sujjdrkfa mfi lm`minust-
ldfts tcmt kt dftmk`s cmvd fb p`mgd kf m fmtkbf ms
wdm`tcy ms burs. Qd lust mttmgh kt ikrdgt`y. (F[
Yklds Nmf. 4, =;4:, suegbid =)
Qd lust fbt pdrlkt pbvdrty tb gbftkfud tb mgt ms
m irma bf tcd dxpmfskbf bj bur dgbfbly. (smld
mrtkg`d, suegbid 7).
wdm`tckdr tmxpmydrs wk`` cmvd tb scbu`idr m ardmtdr
scmrd bj tcd fdw tmx euridfs (F[ Yklds Wdp 9,
=;39, suegbid 4).
M`` tcdsd gbids gbfstktutd vmrkmfts bj tcd mrauldft
tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks ufidskrme`d mfi scbu`i ed
rdiugdi. Ycd qudstkbf mamkf mrksds cbw prblkfdft
tcd WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmf gbid ks rd`mtkvd tb gcmfa-
kfa sbgkm` kfdqum`ktkds. Cbw lmfy stmtdldfts dx-
kst, rd`mtkvd tb m`` mrtkg`ds kf tcd Fdw [brh Yklds,
tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks k``daktklmtd mfi scbu`i
ed rdiugdi2 Ycd jb``bwkfa aurd scbws tcks. Kt
idpkgts cbw bjtdf tcd WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmfksl
gbid wms msskafdi, ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mrtkg`ds
kf m akvdf ydmr. Ycd aurd m`sb gbftmkfs tcd Akfk.
Jkaurd =5> Kfdqum`kty mfi mrauldfts jbr
dam`ktmrkmfksl
Mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl pdmhdi mrbufi
=;1?. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty rbsd kf tcd =;3?s,
tcks wms mt rst gbuftdrdi ey lbrd dam`ktmrkmf sb-
gkm` nustkgd jrmlds. Eut tcdsd idg`kfdi ms sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty rdlmkfdi ckac. Kfiddi, m qum`ktmtkvd
rdmikfa bj tcd mrtkg`ds scbwdi tcmt tcd dmr`y kf-
grdmsd bj dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds mrbufi =;34
bggurrdi, edgmusd lmfy nustkgd mrauldfts wdrdlmid mamkfst Udmamfs rdjbrls. Cbwdvdr, bvdr
tkld tcdsd mrauldfts ikdi ibwf, wck`d sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty kfgrdmsdi. Bfd gbu`i kfjdr jrbl tcks tcmt
sbgkm` nustkgd fbrls mimptdi tb wcmt wms, fbt
rkact mwmy eut bvdr tkld, sddf ms fbrlm` sbgkm`
kfdqum`kty, suppbrtkfa tcd mimptmtkbf cypbtcdsks.
WCBT@I-D]TM@ B__BUYTFKY[
Ycd `mst jrmld cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed
strugturdi mrauds fdktcdr jbr dqum`kty, fbr jbr lbrdkfdqum`kty. Kfstdmi bj jmvbrkfa bf butgblds kf bfd
wmy br mfbtcdr, tcks jrmld mrauds tcmt dqum` bp-
pbrtufktkds mrd klpbrtmft. Kt mrauds tcmt fb bfd
scbu`i ed iksgrklkfmtdi mamkfst mfi tcmt dvdrybfd
lust cmvd tcd smld `kjd gcmfgds, jbr sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty tb ed jmkr. Ycks jrmld mamkf gbfsksts bj m ful-
edr bj sue mrauldfts. Ycd jb``bwkfa stmtdldfts
mrd tcd ikjjdrdft vmrkmtkbfs bj tcks nustkgd jrmld>
=) Dvdrybfd scbu`i rdgdkvd m abbi diugmtkbf.
5) _dbp`d scbu`i ed dlpbwdrdi.7) Iksgrklkfmtkbf cms tb ed jbuact.
9) Iksgrklkfmtkbf bf tcd emsks bj adfidr cms tb ed
jbuact.
4) Iksgrklkfmtkbf bf tcd emsks bj rmgd cms tb ed
jbuact.
Qcmt m`` tcdsd stmtdldfts cmvd kf gbllbf ks tcmt
dmgc rddgts m vmrkmft bj tcd mrauldft tcmt dqum`
bppbrtufktkds lust ed armftdi tb rdmgc m strugturd bj
jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycd jb``bwkfa stmtdldft tcdrd-
jbrd rddgts m typkgm` dqum` bppbrtufktkds jrmld>
M gmrikfm` kidm` kf tcks cdrktmad wd gcdrksc ks
tcd dqum`kty bj rkacts bj m`` gktkzdfs bj dvdry rmgd
mfi gb`br mfi grddi. (F[ Yklds, Jde 9, =;47,
Wpddgc bj _rdskidft Dksdfcbwdr, sue gbid 4)
Ms dqum` bppbrtufkty-emsdi mrauldfts ib fbt tm`h
mebut dqum` butgblds, tcdy ikjjdr jufimldftm``y
jrbl tcd twb btcdr nustkgd vkdws, skfgd tcdy jbgus bf
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWAkfk>cbusdcb`iiksp.
kfg.
(@KWstmfimri),Wb`t5?==
?
.?=
.?5
.?7
.?9
F[Yklds>mraul
dftsjbrdam`ktmrkmfkslms%bjmrtkg`ds
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl ms % bj mrtkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
emfiwkitc < .5
@bwdss slbbtcdr
-
8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
15/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
prdgbfiktkbfs, fbt rdsu`ts. Mamkf, tcd qudstkbf ks cbw
bjtdf tcks nustkgd jrmld gmf ed jbufi kf tcd mrtkg`ds
bvdr tkld. Ycd jb``bwkfa Jkaurd scbws tcks, mamkf
tbadtcdr wktc jmgtum` gcmfads kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty.
Jkaurd =7> Kfdqum`kty mfi mrauldfts jbr dqum`
bppbrtufkty
Mrauldfts kf jmvbr bj dqum` bppbrtufkty spkhdi
kf =;:3, kf tcd smld ydmr wcdf kt wms ldftkbfdi
lbst tcmt dqum` bppbrtufktkds mrd fbt akvdf (gj. Jka-
urd 3). Ycks ks fbt gbkfgkidftm`. M qum`ktmtkvd rdmi-
kfa bj tcd mrtkg`ds scbwdi tcmt wcdf kt wms mraudi
tcmt (lmkf`y) e`mghs ib fbt dfnby dqum` bppbrtufk-tkds (KW), kt wms m`sb mraudi tcmt tcdy scbu`i dfnby
dqum` bppbrtufktkds. Ebtc tcd KW-msgrkptkvksl mfi
tcd WCBT@I-dqum` bppbrtufkty gbid scbw tcd
strdfatc bj tcd gkvk` rkacts lbvdldft tb iblkfmtd
tcd iksgbursd iurkfa tcmt tkld. Kf tcd =;3?s, mrtkg`ds
mebut dqum` bppbrtufkty wdrd lbrd jbgusdi bf akv-
kfa dvdrybfd m abbi diugmtkbf, ms mf mfm`ysks bj
tcd sue gbids scbws (fbt scbwf cdrd). Qck`d mrau-
ldfts kf jmvbr bj dqum` bppbrtufkty rdlmkfdi m gbf-
stmft jdmturd bj mrauldfts mebut sbgkm` nustkgd, tcdy
fdvdr mamkf edgmld ms prdvm`dft ms kf tcd =;:?s.
Ycd `mst tcrdd sdgtkbfs scbwdi cbw nustkgd vkdws
mebut sbgkm` kfdqum`kty idvd`bpdi rd`mtkvd tb jmg-
tum` kfdqum`kty. Cbw tcdsd nustkgd vkdws idvd`-
bpdi rd`mtkvd tb dmgc btcdr ks m ikjjdrdft quds-
tkbf. Ycd jb``bwkfa sdgtkbf k``ustrmtds tcks.
7?
75
79
7:
73
TWAkfk>c
busd
cb
`iiksp.
kfg.
(@KWs
tmf
imri
),Wb
`t5?==
?
.?=
.?5
.?7
F[Yklds>mrauldf
tsjbrdqum
`bppbrtuf
ktkdsms
%b
jmrt
kg`ds
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5???5??45?=?[dmr
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dqum` bppbrtufktkds ms % bj mrtkg`ds
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
emfiwkitc < .5
@bwdss slbbtcdr
KFIKZKITM@KWYKG, DAM@KYMUKMF MFI MW-
GUK_YKZKWYKG NTWYKGD ZKDQW GBL_MUDI
BZDU YKLD Ycd sdgtkbf bf KW-jrmlds kfikgmtdi
tcmt idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tdfidi
tbwmris lbrd kfikvkium`ksl mfi `dss dam`ktmrkmf-
ksl jrmlds bvdr tkld, lkrrbrkfa jmgtum` gcmfads
kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Gmf wd besdrvd m sklk`mr
trdfi jbr jrmlds tcmt mraud cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
scbu`i ed2 Ycd jb``bwkfa armpc scbws cbw tcdsd
sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws gcmfadi rd`mtkvd tb dmgc btcdr
Jkaurd =9> Mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl, kfik-
vkium`ksl mfi dqum` bppbrtufkty ms pdrgdftmad
bj nustkgd vkdws
? 5? 9? :? 3?
5??15??45??95??75??55???=;;;=;;1=;;:=;;4=;;9
=;;7=;;5=;;==;33=;31=;3:=;34=;39=;37=;35=;3==;3?=;1;=;13=;11=;1:=;14=;19=;17=;15=;1==;1?=;:;=;:3=;:1=;::=;:4=;:9=;:7=;:?=;4;=;43=;41=;4:=;44=;49=;47=;45=;4?
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl ms % bj mrtkg`ds
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dqum` bppbrtufktkds ms % bj mrtkg`ds
F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr kfikvkium`ksl kf sbgkm` kfdq. ms % bj mrtkg
-
8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
16/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
ks tb ikvkid tcd tklds mf kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd vkdw
cms eddf ldftkbfdi ey tcd tklds mf dam`ktmrkmf nus
tkgd vkdw cms eddf ldftkbfdi kf dmgc ydmr. Ycd jb`
`bwkfa Jkaurd scbws tcd rdsu`t bj tcks armpckgm``y
Jkaurd =:> Kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd vkdws rd`mtkvd tb
dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws
Tftk` =;;4, dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds mrd gbfskstdft
`y lbrd prdvm`dft tcmf kfikvkium`kstkg bfds. Kf tcd
=;:?s, wd fi mrbufi jbur g`mkls tcmt dam`ktmrkmfksl
ks jmkr jbr dvdry kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmld. Qktc
kfgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty cbwdvdr, kfikvkium`kstkg
nustkgd jrmlds kfgrdmsd bvdr dam`ktmrkmf bfds mfi
fm``y butfuledr tcdl =.4 tb =. Kf tcks sdfsd, tcdrd
wms m prbjbufi fbrlmtkvd gcmfad tbwmris kfikvkiu
m`kstkg gbfgdptkbfs bj sbgkm` nustkgd. Ycd jb``bwkfa
sdgtkbf d`mebrmtds bf tcd klp`kgmtkbfs bj tcks gcmfad
EDCKFI YCD FTLEDUW> MF KFYDU_UDYM-
YKZD M__UBMGC YB GCMFAKFA WBGKM@
NTWYKGD ZKDQW
Ycks sdgtkbf dfrkgcds tcd prdgdikfa qumftktmtkvd mfm`
ysks ey m qum`ktmtkvd kftdrprdtmtkbf bj tcdsd trdfis. Fbtme`y, wck`d rdmikfa tcd mrtkg`ds, K gbftkfubus`y lmid
ldlbs, wckgc jddi tcks sdgtkbfs mfm`ysks (gj. A`msd
/ Wtrmuss =;:18 Wtrmuss / Gbrekf =;;?). K ikjjdrdftkmtd
ly idsgrkptkbf bj cbw nustkgd vkdws kf tcd fdwspmpdr
mrtkg`ds gcmfadi ey idgmids stmrtkfa wktc tcd =;4?s
Kf tcd =;4?s, iksgusskbfs mebut sbgkm` nustkgd wdrd
rd`mtkvd`y rmrd. Wbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms rmrd`y idsgrkedi
ms kfikvkium`kstkg, msgrkptkvkstkg mfi lbidrmtd`y bjtdf
Wtmtdldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl wdrd mfi mrd gbl-
pmrdi mfi kf gblpmrksbf tb btcdr vkdws. Eut skfgd
tcd =;3?s, kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds, mrau-
kfa kf jmvbr bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, kfgrdmsdi rd`mtkvd
tb dam`ktmrkmf mfi dqum` bppbrtufkty-emsdi nustkgd
jrmlds. Yb scbw tcks kf tdrls bj tcd tcrdd nustkgd
jrmlds, fbw mamkf ms m pdrgdftmad bj m`` mrtkg`ds kf
tcd F[ Yklds jbr dmgc nustkgd vkdw, tcd jb``bwkfa
Jkaurd p`bts tcd tcrdd `bwdss-`kfds jrbl aurd == tbaurd =7 kftb bfd armpc. Ycdrdey tcd jb``bwkfa aurd
kfikgmtds cbw dmgc bj tcd tcrdd sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws
idvd`bpdi krrdspdgtkvd bj tcd btcdrs mfi ms m pdrgdft-
mad bj m`` mrtkg`ds tcmt mppdmrdi kf tcd F[ Yklds.
Jkaurd =4> Mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl, kfik-
vkium`ksl mfi dqum` bppbrtufkty ms pdrgdftmad
bj mrtkg`ds
Mrauldfts jbr dqum` bppbrtufkty- mfi dam`ktmrkmfksl
pdmhdi kf tcd `mtd =;:?s. Kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd vkdws
iki fbt pdmh mt tcmt pbkft. Kf tcd dmr`y =;3?s, dam`k-
tmrkmf mfi kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd vkdws wdrd lbek-
`kzdi tb mttmgh br idjdfi Udmamfs rdjbrls mfi tcdkfgrdmsd kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty bj tcmt tkld. Qcmt ks m`sb
kftdrdstkfa ks tcd `bfa-ruf trdfi jrbl tcd =;4?s kftb
tcd dmr`y 5???s. Dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds, mraukfa
kf jmvbr bj dam`ktmrkmfksl, wdrd m`wmys lbrd prdvm-
`dft tcmf kfikvkium`kstkg bfds. Eut tcks gcmfadi kf tcd
sdgbfi cm`j bj tcd =;;?s. Kf tcd `mtd =;:?s, dam`ktmr-
kmf nustkgd jrmlds butfuledrdi kfikvkium`kstkg bfds
vdjb`i. Kf 5??5, lbrd kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds
dxkst tcmf dam`ktmrkmf bfds. Mfbtcdr wmy tb scbw tcks
?
.??4
.?=
.?=4
.?5
.?54
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
`bwdss> F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl ms % b j mrtkg`ds
`bwdss> F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr kfikvkium`ksl kf sbgkm` kfdq. ms % bj mrtkg`ds
`bwdss> F[ Yklds> mrauldfts jbr dqum` b ppbrtufktkds ms % bj mrtkg`ds
?
.4
=
=.4
5
@bwdssvm`u
dsb
jkfikvkium
`ks
tkg
/dam
`ktmrkmf
nus
tkgdv
kdw
s
=;4? =;44 =;:? =;:4 =;1? =;14 =;3? =;34 =;;? =;;4 5??? 5??4 5?=?[dmr
@bwdss vm`uds bj kfikvkium`kstkg / dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws
TW Akfk> cbusdcb`i iksp. kfg. (@KW stmfimri), Wb`t 5?==
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
17/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
tcd =;:?s wms abfd, eut fbt ydt m pdrkbi wcdrd mf kf
ikvkium`ksl-jrmld iblkfmtdi. Ycdrd wdrd stk`` stmtd
ldfts tcmt e`mgh ybutc br Fmtkvd Mldrkgmfs cmvd
prbe`dls wktc pbvdrty. Ycus, kt wms spdgkm` arbups
fbt tb ed gbfjbufidi wktc fbrlm` Mldrkgmfs, wcb
wdrd smki tb sujjdr jrbl pbvdrty. Qck`d dam`ktmrkmf
ksl wms stk`` tcdrd, kt wms fbw lbrd gdftdrdi bf spd
gkm` arbups. Kftdrdstkfa`y, kt wms iurkfa tcks idgmid
wcdrd dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds rdgdidi, tcmt sbgkmkfdqum`kty mt rst stmrtdi tb kfgrdmsd. Ycd dvkidfgd
ks tbb wdmh tb sustmkf m gmusm` mrauldft, eut kt ks
wktcbut qudstkbf tcmt dam`ktmrkmf jrmlds bj sbgkm` nus
tkgd idg`kfdi, edjbrd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty stmrtdi tb rksd
Kf tcd =;3?s, kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds pdmhdi
ebtc kf tdrls bj cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms sddf mfi
kf tdrls bj jrmlds cbw kt scbu`i ed. Ycks ks edgmusd
tcd Udmamf milkfkstrmtkbf mraudi kf lmfy mrtkg`ds
tcmt kt ks sbgkm``y nust tb gut wd`jmrd sdrvkgds mfi
trmfsjdrs (WCBT@I-kfikvkium`ksl). Wbld mraudi
mamkfst tcks tcmt pbvdrty ks stk`` ckac mfi kfdqum`k
tkds mrd wkidsprdmi (KW-KFIKZKITM@KWL). Eu
kftdrdstkfa`y, dvdf tcd milkfkstrmtkbfs prdvm`df
`kfd bj mrauldftmtkbf mraudi tcmt kt ks ufnust tb rd
ikstrkeutd jrbl tcd rkgc tb tcd pbbr. Kfstdmi, kt m`sb
usdi tcd mrauldft tcmt sbgkm` mki lust ed `klktdi
tb tcd rdm``y fddiy. Kf tcks sdfsd, dvdf tcd Udm
amf rdjbrls wdrd nustkdi ey dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd
prkfgkp`ds, sb tcmt wd fi sbld dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd
jrmlds kf tcd =;3?s ms wd``. Btcdr dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds wdrd usdi tb mttmgh tcd Udmamf rdjbrls
sb tcmt kfktkm``y, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi
dam`ktmrkmf sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds kfgrdmsdi ms wd``
Kf tcd =;;?s, mrauldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i
ed kfikvkium`kstkg gbftkfudi eut wdrd fbt ms prdvm`df
ms kf tcd =;3?s. Mt tcd smld tkld, mrauldfts jbr dam`
ktmrkmfksl idg`kfdi. Wkfgd tcd =;3?s, kfikvkium`kstkg
idsgrkptkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty iblkfmtdi bvdr btcd
vkdws. Eut lbst kftdrdstkfa mebut tcks ks tcmt kf spktd b
ckac sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, fbt lmfy mrtkg`ds trdmt tcks tbpkg mfi fbt lmfy nustkgd jrmlds mrd lbek`kzdi bvdrm``
Qcmt ks m`sb kftdrdstkfa ks tcmt, wck`d adfdrm``y tcdrd
wdrd fbt lmfy mrtkg`ds tcmt tm`h mebut sbgkm` nustkgd
kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds wdrd jbr tcd rst tkld
ms prdvm`dft ms jrmlds tcmt mraudi jbr dam`ktmrkmfksl
ms dam`ktmrkmf. Mrauldfts jbr kfikvkium`ksl br dqum`
bppbrtufkty wdrd m`sb rmrd, eut sbld mrauldfts jbr
dam`ktmrkmfksl dxkstdi. Lmfy bj tcd mrtkg`ds kf tcd
=;4?s wdrd spddgcds bj pb`ktkgkmfs. M gbllbf pmt-
tdrf kf tcdsd mrtkg`ds ks tcmt bjgd cb`idrs mraudi tcmt
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks bw edgmusd bj tcdkr djjbrts, wck`d
kfguledfts mraudi tcmt tcdy wbu`i ed me`d tb `bwdr
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty dvdf jurtcdr. Kf tcks sdfsd, dvdf
tcbuac tcd tbpkg ks fbt lugc tm`hdi mebut, dam`ktmrk-mfksl wms tcd iblkfmft sbgkm` nustkgd jrmld, ebtc
kf tdrls bj cbw sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms sddf mfi kf
tdrls bj wcmt wms smki cbw kt scbu`i ed. Eut adfdr-
m``y, tcks ks m tkld pdrkbi wcdf sbgkm` nustkgd wms fbt
ydt m vdry eka tbpkg gblpmrdi tb `mtdr tkld pdrkbis.
Ycd =;:?s mrd tcd idgmid wktc tcd lbst kftdfsd iks-
gusskbfs mebut sbgkm` nustkgd. Wbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms
idsgrkedi ms rd`mtkvd`y dam`ktmrkmf (dvdf tcbuac fbt
dam`ktmrkmf dfbuac), eut m`sb ms jbufidi bf ufdqum`
bppbrtufktkds (msgrkptkvksl). Ycd mrtkg`ds lkrrbr tcd
jmgtum` idgrdmsd kf kfdqum`kty, kf tcmt tcdy gbftmkf
lmfy stmtdldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty ks `bw mfi
scbu`i ed dvdf `bwdr. Ycd lmkf spdgkg mrauldft kf
tcks rdamri ks tcmt wck`d mivmfgds cmvd eddf lmid,
tbb lmfy Mldrkgmfs stk`` `kvd kf pbvdrty (KW-jrmld),
wckgc cms tb ed gcmfadi (WCBT@I-jrmld). Wugc
nustkgd mrauldfts uscdrdi kf _rdskidft Nbcfsbfs wmr
bf pbvdrty, wckgc trmfsjbrldi tcd prdvmk`kfa lbrm`
g`klmtd bj tcd fdwspmpdr iksgbursd kftb mgtum` sbgkm`
pb`kgy. Edskid tcks, tcdrd wms m`sb m gblekfmtkbf bj mfKW-msgrkptkvksl wktc m WCBT@I-dqum` bppbrtufkty
jrmld. Ycks gmld jrbl mrauldfts jrbl tcd gkvk` rkacts
lbvdldft, wckgc stmtdi tcmt e`mghs ib fbt cmvd tcd
smld rkacts ms wcktds mfi tcmt tcks lust ed gcmfadi.
Kf tcd =;1?s, jrmlds tcmt mraudi jbr kfikvkium`ks-
tkg sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mppdmrdi jbr tcd rst tkld bf
m erbmidr sgm`d, wck`d tcd iblkfmft idsgrkptkbfs bj
dxkstkfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms stk`` tcmt e`mghs ib fbt
cmvd dqum` bppbrtufktkds. Kfikvkium`kstkg idsgrkptkbfs
bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wdrd kfgrdmskfa, dam`ktmrkmf id-sgrkptkbfs wdrd idgrdmskfa. Wtmtdldfts kf jmvbr bj
lbrd kfikvkium`ksl stmrtdi tb rkvm` dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd
vkdws. Jbr tcd rst tkld, tcd mrauldft gmld tb tcd
jbrd tcmt tcdrd mrd fmfgkm` klkts ms tb cbw lugc tcd
wdm`tcy gmf ed tmxdi. Eut sugc kfikvkium`kstkg mrau-
ldfts wdrd fbt vdry prdvm`dft ydt. Kf tcks sdfsd, tcd
=;1?s wdrd fbt sb lugc m pdrkbi bj gbfidlfmtkbf bj
dam`ktmrkmfksl, eut rmtcdr m pdrkbi bj fda`dgt. Kt wms
m pdrkbi wcdrd tcd strbfa dam`ktmrkmfksl-jrmlds bj
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
18/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi, tcks wms jbr m `bfa
tkld fbt mggblpmfkdi ey lbrd iksgusskbfs mebut sb
gkm` nustkgd. Ycdrdjbrd, jrbl tcd pdrspdgtkvd bj mfm
`yzkfa ldikm iksgbursd, tcks pmpdr mardds tcmt sbgkm
kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi kf tcd scmibw bj kfikvkium`kstkg
nustkgd fbrls mfi idg`kfkfa dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd fbrl
(gj. Cmghdr / _kdrsbf 5?=?e8 5?=?m). Kt ks klpbrtmf
tb fbtd cbwdvdr tcmt tcks ks fb ikrdgt gmusm` g`mklYcd fbtkbf tcmt kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi wcdf dam`ktmrkmf
nustkgd fbrls idgrdmsdi mfi kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd
jrmlds kfgrdmsdi ibds fbt gbftrmikgt mfm`ysds tcm
mttrkeutd rkskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tb btcdr gmusds. Jbr
dxmlp`d, dxkstkfa stuikds strdss tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`
kty gbu`i kfgrdmsd edgmusd trmid ufkbfs `bst pbwdr
tb rdau`mtd wmads (Qdstdrf / Ubsdfjd`i 5?==> 4=9)
Kfstdmi bj lmhkfa m gmusm` g`mkl tcmt kfgrdmsdi sbgkm
kfdqum`kty rdsu`ts jrbl gcmfakfa nustkgd fbrls, tcks
pmpdr bf`y mrauds tcmt nustkgd fbrls ms mrtkgu`mtdi kf
fdwspmpdrs cmvd gcmfadi kf tmfidl wktc kfdqum`ktyYcmt d.a. tcd idg`kfkfa pbwdr bj trmid ufkbfs lkac
`kd edckfi ebtc gcmfads ks dlkfdft`y pbsske`d. Yck
stuiy m`sb ibds fbt gbftrmikgt mfm`ysds tcmt mraud tcm
kfgrdmskfa wmad prdlkuls jbr gb``dad armiumtds mg
gbuft jbr kfgrdmskfa sbgkm` kfdqum`kty (Hmtz / Mutb
=;;;). Eut kt scbws tcmt wkid`y mrtkgu`mtdi nustkgd
fbrls iki fbt lk`ktmtd mamkfst sugc mf kfgrdmsd bj kf
gblds mt tcd tbp, wck`d tcdy iki kf tcd =;:?s.
Ebtc tcd jmgt tcmt dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds gmf ed
jbufi `dss bjtdf kf tcd =;1?s tcmf kf tcd idgmids ed
jbrd, ms wd`` ms tcd jmgt tcmt kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd
jrmlds gmf ed jbufi lbrd bjtdf kf tcd =;1?s tcmf kf
tcd prkbr idgmids ckft tb tcd mrauldft tcmt gcmfakfa
sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws pmvdi tcd wmy jbr kfgrdmsds kf
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Eut pmrmibxkgm``y, wcdf sbgkm` kf
dqum`kty kfgrdmsdi, tcks wms mt rst ldt ey kfgrdmsdi
dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws, dvdf kj kfgrdmskfa sbgkm` kf
dqum`kty `di tb m idg`kfd kf dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws
kf tcd `bfa ruf. Mjtdr =;;?, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
wms ckac jbr sbld ydmrs, tcd Fdw [brh Yklds fdktcdmrtkgu`mtdi tcks vdry lugc, fbr iki tcd fdwspmpdr mr
aud mamkfst kt wktc dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws. Kfstdmi
tcd rksd kf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms jb``bwdi ey m rksd kf
kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds sb tcmt kfikvkium`kstkg
gbfgdptkbfs bj sbgkm` nustkgd edgmld tcd iblkfmf
sbgkm` nustkgd jrmld mt tcd dfi bj tcd pdrkbi stuikdi
cdrd.
Wtmrtkfa kf 5???, stmtdldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`-
kty scbu`i jb``bw kfikvkium`kstkg prkfgkp`ds wdrd
lbrd prdvm`dft tcmf dam`ktmrkmf mfi dqum` bppbrtu-
fkty-emsdi mrauldfts, ms tcdsd `mttdr twb idg`kfdi
jurtcdr. Mfi tcks cmppdfdi kf spktd bj kfikvkiu-
m`ksl cmvkfa eddf tcd lbst bjtdf usdi idsgrkp-
tkbf jbr jmgtum` sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Wb dvdf tcbuac
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms idsgrkedi ms ckac, kt wms
m`sb mivbgmtdi tcmt kt scbu`i ed ckac m gbl-ekfmtkbf tcmt edjbrd fdvdr bggurrdi kf tcd imtm.
Mestrmgtkfa jrbl gcmfad bj bfd idgmid tb mf-
btcdr, tcd lbst prdvm`dft KW-mrauldft bvdrm`` ks
tcmt Mldrkgmf sbgkdty cms tbb lugc kfdqum`kty
(KW-kfikvkium`ksl) mfi bvdr m`lbst m`` tkld pdrk-
bis mpmrt jrbl tcd `mst bfd, tcd lbst prdvm`dft
fbrlmtkvd vkdw ks tcmt tcd ikstrkeutkbf bj kfgblds
scbu`i ed dam`ktmrkmf (WCBT@I-dam`ktmrkmfksl).
GBFG@TWKBF
Bvdrm``, tcd lmkf rdsu`t ks tcmt kfikvkium`kstkg idsgrkp-
tkbfs bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi, tbadtcdr wktc mr-
auldfts tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed strugturdi
ey kfikvkium`kstkg prkfgkp`ds. Dam`ktmrkmf idsgrkptkbfs
bj kfdqum`kty mfi fbrlmtkvd dam`ktmrkmf sbgkm` nustkgd
vkdws pdmhdi kf tcd `mtd =;:?s mfi idg`kfdi tcdrd-
mjtdr. Ycd smld ks trud jbr mrauldfts tcmt ikmafbsd
m `mgh bj dqum` bppbrtufkty mfi mraud jbr dqum` bp-
pbrtufktkds.
Kf m vdry adfdrm` sdfsd, bfd gmf kfjdr jrbl tcks tcmt
idsgrkptkbfs bj, mfi fbrlmtkvd nustkgd vkdws mebut,
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty lbvdi tbadtcdr wktc jmgtum` gcmfa-
ds kf kfdqum`kty. Kf tcd `mtd =;:?s, wcdf sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty wms `bw mfi idgrdmskfa, tcks wms fbt bf`y
idsgrkedi kf tcd sdfsd tcmt lmfy dam`ktmrkmf KW-gbids
mrd jbufi. Kt wms m`sb mrtkgu`mtdi ms jmkr. Mt tcd smld
tkld, wcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty wms `bw, kt wms rmrd`y
mrtkgu`mtdi ms edkfa ckac mfi jdw mrauldfts gmf ed
jbufi tcmt kt scbu`i ed. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kf-grdmsdi kf tcd =;3?s, tcks wms kf tcd `bfa ruf lkr-
rbrdi ey m idgrdmsd kf dam`ktmrkmf idsgrkptkbfs bj
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. M`sb, kf tcd `bfa ruf, stmtdldfts
idg`kfdi tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i ed strugturdi
ey dam`ktmrkmfksl. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty kfgrdmsdi,
kt wms gbfvdrsd`y m`sb lbrd bjtdf idsgrkedi tcrbuac
mf kfikvkium`kstkg jrmld mfi kt wms m`sb lbrd bjtdf
smki tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty scbu`i jb``bw kfikvkium`-
kstkg prkfgkp`ds.
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
19/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
ske`d tb irmw mfy idfktd gbfg`uskbfs bf wcmt tcd
stmtdldfts kf tcd fdwspmpdr mrtkg`ds rdm``y rddgt
Jurtcdr rdsdmrgc cms tb scbw wcdtcdr gcmfads kf sb-
gkm` nustkgd vkdws tcmt wdrd prdsdftdi cdrd rddgt m
gcmfakfa sbgkm` gbfsdfsus bf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, m`-
tdrkfa pb`ktkgm` pbwdr strugturds tcmt iblkfmtd iks-
gbursds mebut kfdqum`kty br kj tcdy sklp`y rddgt m
gcmfad kf gbvdrmad bj bfd spdgkg fdwspmpdr. M`sb,
jbguskfa bf bf`y bfd gbuftry mfi dssdftkm``y bf bf`ytwb eka trdfis, fmld`y erbmi`y idgrdmskfa sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty uftk` mrbufi =;3? mfi kfgrdmskfa kfdqum`kty
skfgd tcdf, bfd gmffbt ru`d but tcd pbsskek`kty tcmt tcd
rdsu`ts mrd mf mrtkjmgt. Bfd wbu`i tcdrdjbrd cmvd tb
`bbh mt mf dvdf `bfadr tkld `kfd, btcdr gbuftrkds mfi
btcdr fdwspmpdrs. Qcmt tcks stuiy trkdi tb k``ustrmtd
ks tcmt tcd trdfis tcmt sugc mf mfm`ysks gmf ufdmrtc mrd
wd`` wbrtc pursukfa.
Bfd gmf spdgu`mtd tcmt kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds
wdrd `kfhdi tb sbgkm` kfdqum`kty tcrbuac m
tcdrlbstmt ldgcmfksl, wckgc wbrhs tb kfgrdmsd
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty idg`kfdi
ed`bw m Akfk bj 75, kfikvkium`kstkg nustkgd jrmlds, mr-
aukfa jbr lbrd sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, kfgrdmsdi mfi bf`y
stbppdi tb kfgrdmsd lbldftmrk`y wcdf tcd Akfk wms
mebvd 75 mamkf dvdf tcbuac kt ks tbb idtdrlkfks-tkg tb g`mkl tcmt kfikvkium`kstkg sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds
mutblmtkgm``y kfgrdmsd ed`bw m gdrtmkf Akfk.
Dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws scbw lbrd dvkidfgd bj jb`-
`bwkfa mf mimptmtkbf - rmtcdr tcmf m tcdrlbstmt-ldgc-
mfksl. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty idg`kfdi, dam`ktmrkmf
sbgkm` nustkgd vkdws wdrd ckac. Qcdf kt kfgrdmsdi,
tcdy wdrd rd`mtkvd`y `bw. Kf tcks sdfsd, kt sddls ms kj
dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd vkdws bf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty mimpt tb
jmgtum` kfdqum`kty. Qcdf sbgkm` kfdqum`kty idg`kfds,tcks lkact lbrd mfi lbrd ed pdrgdkvdi ms fbrlm`,
sb tcmt dam`ktmrkmf nustkgd jrmlds kfgrdmsd. Eut wcdf
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty arbws, tcks lkact m`sb bvdr tkld
ed sddf ms lbrd mfi lbrd fbrlm`, `dttkfa dam`ktmr-
kmf sbgkm` nustkgd jrmlds idgrdmsd mt `dmst kf pue-
`kg iksgbursd. Kf tcks sdfsd, m pue`kg iksgbursd mebut
wcmt ks jmkr sbgkm` kfdqum`kty lkact wktc sbld tkld
`ma adt usdi tb kfgrdmskfa br idgrdmskfa sbgkm` kf-
dqum`kty.
Wdpmrmtd jrbl iksgusskbfs mebut dam`ktmrkmfksl mfikfikvkium`ksl mrd nustkgd jrmlds mebut dqum` bppbr-
tufkty. Cdrd, tcd eka trdfi ks tcmt sbgkm` kfdqum`kty
wms bjtdf idsgrkedi ms rdsu`tkfa jrbl ufdqum` bppbr-
tufktkds mt tcd dfi bj tcd =;:?s. Kt wms mraudi tcdf,
tcmt msgrkptkvd grktdrkm, lmkf`y shkf gb`br, idtdrlkfd
sbgkm` kfdqum`kty. Ycks wdft m`bfa wktc fbrlmtkvd
jrmlds idsgrkekfa tcks ms ufjmkr. Eut ebtc msgrkptkv-
ksl-emsdi ikmafbsds bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, ms wd`` ms
dqum`-bppbrtufkty emsdi fbrlmtkvd nustkgd jrmlds
idg`kfdi jrbl tcd dfi bj tcd =;:?s tb tcd prdsdft.
Ycdsd rdsu`ts gbu`i ed ekmsdi ey m fuledr bj prbe-
`dls. Ycdy gbld jrbl m skfa`d fdwspmpdr. Ycmt tcd
F[ Yklds ks bf tcd `djt bj tcd pb`ktkgm` spdgtrul ks
fbt m prbe`dl kf ktsd`j, edgmusd wd `bbh mt vmrkm-
tkbf bvdr tkld wktckf tcd Fdw [brh Yklds. Kt gbu`i
ed prbe`dlmtkg cbwdvdr, tcmt tcd fdwspmpdr cms
gcmfadi bvdr tkld, kfstdmi bj rddgtkfa m iksgbursd
tcmt tmhds p`mgd kf sbgkdty. Ycdrdjbrd, kt ks fbt pbs-
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
20/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
dfifbtds
=. Jurtcdr ed`bw, K tm`h mebut tcd jrdqudfgy, wktc wckgc btcdr sdmrgc tdrls mppdmrdi.
5. K usd tcd Akfk-kfidx ms m adfdrm` ldmsurd bj sbgkm` kfdqum`kty, ms kt gbkfgkids wd`` wktc
gcmfads bj tcd uppdr = br tdf pdrgdft (gj. tcd prdgdikfa armpcs).
7. K `klktdi tcd sdmrgc tb tcd jb``bwkfa typds bj ibguldfts> Mrtkg`d, Diktbrkm`, Jrbft pmad mrtkg`d,
@dttdr tb diktbr, Lmstcdmi, Btcdr, Udvkdw, Yme`d bj Gbftdfts, `dmvkfa but mivdrtksdldfts mfi
btcdr mrtkg`d typds tcmt mrd fbt kfg`uidi kf tcd ^DKY sdmrgc dfakfd mfywmys.
9. Fbtd tcmt tcdrd mrd fb sgm`ds jbr tcd y-mxks, ms dmgc bj tcd tcrdd kfikgmtbrs ks bf m ikjjdrdft
sgm`d mfi kt ks fbt tcd dxmgt vm`uds bj dmgc kfikgmtbr, eut kts gcmfad bvdr tkld, wckgc ks
klpbrtmft.
4. Qck`d bfd lkact suppbsd tcmt tcks ks m`sb m WCBT@I stmtdldft, ms bfd gbu`i gbfg`uid tcmttcd wrktdr klp`kds tcmt kt ks wrbfa tcmt sb lmfy `kvd kf pbvdrty, tcks ks fbt dxp`kgkt kf tcd
stmtdldft, sb m WCBT@I-gbid gmffbt ed msskafdi.
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
21/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
rdjdrdfgds
Udjdrdfgds
Mrts, Qk`/Nbcf Ad`kssdf, 5??=> Qd`jmrd Wtmtds, Wb`kimrkty mfi Nustkgd _rkfgkp`ds> Ibds tcd Yypd
Udm``y Lmttdr2 Kf> Mgtm Wbgkb`bakgm 99, 537-5;;. 00Ab tb KWK6>//QBW>???=15;?=4????=6
Efmebu, Ub`mfi/Ndmf Ykrb`d, 5??:> Ed`kdj kf m Nust Qbr`i mfi Udikstrkeutkvd _b`ktkgs. Kf> Ycd
]umrtdr`y Nburfm` bj Dgbfblkgs =5=, :;;-19:. 0cttp>//qnd.bxjbrinburfm`s.bra/gbftdft/=5=/5/:;;.
mestrmgt6
Ermiy, Imvki, 5??;> Ukgc Idlbgrmgkds, _bbr _dbp`d> Cbw _b`ktkgs Dxp`mkf _bvdrty. Bxjbri>
Bxjbri Tfkvdrskty _rdss.
Erdzfmu, Fmtd, 5?=?> Dgbfblkg Dqum`kty mfi Wbgkm` Qd`jmrd> _b`kgy _rdjdrdfgds kf Jkvd Fm-
tkbfs. Kf> Kftdrfmtkbfm` Nburfm` bj _ue`kg Bpkfkbf Udsdmrgc. 0cttp>//knpbr.bxjbrinburfm`s.bra/gbf-
tdft/dmr`y/5?=?/=?/55/knpbr.diq?59.mestrmgt6
Erbbhs, G`dl/Ndjj Lmfzm, 5??:> Wbgkm` _b`kgy Udspbfskvdfdss kf Idvd`bpdi Idlbgrmgkds. Kf>
Mldrkgmf Wbgkb`bakgm` Udvkdw 1=, 919-9;9.
Erbbhs, G`dl/Ndjj Lmfzm, 5??1> Qcy Qd`jmrd Wtmtds _drskst> Ycd Klpbrtmfgd bj _ue`kg Bpkfkbf
kf Idlbgrmgkds, Wtuikds kf gbllufkgmtkbf, ldikm, mfi pue`kg bpkfkbf. Gckgmab> Tfkvdrskty bj
Gckgmab _rdss.
Ibua`ms, Lmry, =;35> Kf tcd Mgtkvd Zbkgd. @bfibf> Ubut`diad.
Dftlmf, Ubedrt L., =;;7> Jrmlkfa> Ybwmri G`mrkgmtkbf bj m Jrmgturdi _mrmikal. Kf> Nburfm`bj Gbllufkgmtkbf 97, 4=-43. 0cttp>//ix.ibk.bra/=?.====/n.=9:?-59::.=;;7.te?=7?9.x6
Jdrrdd, Lyrm Lmrx, dt m`., 5??5> Wcmpkfa Mebrtkbf Iksgbursd> Idlbgrmgy mfi Ycd _ue`kg
Wpcdrd kf Adrlmfy mfi Ycd Tfktdi Wtmtds, Gbllufkgmtkbf, Wbgkdty, mfi _b`ktkgs. Gmlerkiad,
TH> Gmlerkiad Tfkvdrskty _rdss.
Amlsbf, Qk``kml M./Mfird Lbika`kmfk, =;3;> Ldikm Iksgbursd mfi _ue`kg Bpkfkbf bf Fug`dmr
_bwdr> M Gbfstrugtkbfkst Mpprbmgc. Kf> Mldrkgmf Nburfm` bj Wbgkb`bay ;4, =-71.
Ak`dfs, Lmrtkf, 5???> Qcy Mldrkgmfs Cmtd Qd`jmrd. Umgd, Ldikm mfi tcd _b`ktkgs bj Mftkpbv-
drty _b`kgy. Gckgmab, K@> Tfkvdrskty bj Gckgmab _rdss.
A`msdr, Emrfdy A./Mfsd`l @. Wtrmuss, =;:1> Ycd Iksgbvdry bj Arbufidi Ycdbry. Wtrmtdakds jbr
]um`ktmtkvd Udsdmrgc. @bfibf> Qdkidfjd`i mfi Fkgb`sbf.
Abjjlmf, Drvkfa, =;19> Jrmld Mfm`ysks> Mf Dssmy bf tcd Bramfkzmtkbf bj tcd Dxpdrkdfgd. Fdw
[brh> Cmrpdr Gb`bpcbf.
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
22/23gds pmpdrs - bpdf jbrul # =:
rdjdrdfgds
Cmghdr, Nmgbe W./_mu` _kdrsbf, 5?=?m> Qkffdr-tmhd-m`` _b`ktkgs> Cbw Qmsckfatbf Lmid tcd Ukgc
Ukgcdr - Mfi Yurfdi kts Emgh bf tcd Lkii`d G`mss. Fdw [brh> Wklbf & Wgcustsdr.
Cmghdr, Nmgbe W./_mu` _kdrsbf, 5?=?e> Qkffdr-Ymhd-M`` _b`ktkgs> _ue`kg _b`kgy, _b`ktkgm` Bramfk-
zmtkbf, mfi tcd _rdgkpktbus Uksd bj Ybp Kfgblds kf tcd Tfktdi Wtmtds. Kf> _b`ktkgs & Wbgkdty 73,=45-5?9. 0cttp>//pms.smadpue.gbl/gbftdft/73/5/=45.mestrmgt6
Cblmfs, Adbrad Gmspmr, =;19> Wbgkm` Edcmvkbur> `ts D`dldftmry Jbrls. Fdw [brh> Cmrgburt
Ermgd.
Hmtz, @mwrdfgd J./Imvki C. Mutbr, =;;;> Gcmfads kf tcd Qmad Wtrugturd mfi Dmrfkfas Kfdqum`-
kty. Kf> Br`dy Mscdfjd`tdr/Imvki Gmri (dis.), Cmfiebbh bj @mebr Dgbfblkgs. Mlstdriml> D`sd-
vkdr, =9:7-=444.
Hd``dy, Nbfmtcmf/Hrzysztbj ^mabrshk, 5??4> Dgbfblkg Gcmfad mfi tcd @daktklmtkbf bj Dgbfbl-
kg Kfdqum`kty> Ycd Yrmfsjbrlmtkbf jrbl Wbgkm`ksl tb tcd Jrdd Lmrhdt kf Gdftrm`-Dmstdrf Durbpd.
Kf> Udsdmrgc kf Wbgkm` Wtrmtkgmtkbf mfi Lbek`kty 55, 75=-7::.
@drfdr, Ld`vkf N, =;35> Ycd Ed`kdj kf m Nust Qbr`i> M Jufimldftm` Id`uskbf. Fdw[brh> _`dful
_rdss.
Fdudfibrj, Hkledr`y M., 5??5> Ycd Gbftdft Mfm`ysks Aukidebbh. Ycbusmfi Bmhs, GM> Wmad
_ue`kgmtkbfs.
Bsedra, @mrs/Yklbtcy Wlddikfa, 5??:> Jmkr Kfdqum`kty2 Mttktuids tbwmri _my Ikjjdrdftkm`s>
Ycd Tfktdi Wtmtds kf Gblpmrmtkvd _drspdgtkvd Kf> Mldrkgmf Wbgkb`bakgm` Udvkdw 1=, 94?-917.
_mad, Edfnmlkf K./Ubedrt [. Wcmpkrb, =;37> Djjdgts bj _ue`kg Bpkfkbf bf _b`kgy. Kf> Ycd Mldrk-
gmf _b`ktkgm` Wgkdfgd Udvkdw 11, =14-=;?. 0cttp>//www.nstbr.bra/stme`d/=;4:?=36
Wgcd``kfa, Ycblms, =;13> Lkgrblbtkvds mfi Lmgrbedcmvkbr. Fdw [brh> Fbrtbf.
Wb`t, Jrdidrkgh, 5??;> Wtmfimrikzkfa tcd Qbr`i Kfgbld Kfdqum`kty Imtmemsd. Kf> Wbgkm` Wgkdfgd
]umrtdr`y ;?, 57=-595. 0cttp>//ix.ibk.bra/=?.====/n.=49?-:571.5??;.??:=9.x6
Wtrmuss, Mfsd`l @./Nu`kdt Gbrekf, =;;?> Emskgs bj ]um`ktmtkvd Udsdmrgc. Arbufidi Ycdbry _rb-
gdiurds mfi Ydgcfkquds. Fdweury _mrh, GM> Wmad.
Wvm``jbrs, Wtdjmf, =;;1> Qbr`is bj Qd`jmrd mfi Mttktuids tb Udikstrkeutkbf> M Gblpmrksbf bj
Dkact Qdstdrf Fmtkbfs. Kf> Durbpdmf Wbgkb`bakgm` Udvkdw =7, 537-7?9.
Wvm``jbrs, Wtdjmf, 5?=?> _ue`kg Mttktuids. Kf> Jrmfgks A. Gmst`ds, dt m`. (dis.), Ycd Bxjbri Cmfi-
ebbh bj tcd Qd`jmrd Wtmtd. Bxjbri> Bxjbri Tfkvdrskty _rdss, 59=-54=.
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8/13/2019 The Interaction of Social Justice Frames and Inequality in the US (CES Open Forum Series # 16)
23/23
rdjdrdfgds
Qdadfdr, Edrfi/Wtdjmf @kdeka, =;;7> Dkfd Arki-Arbup-Mfm`ysd sbzkm`dr Adrdgctkahdkt> Ikd
fdudf ufi m`tdf Eufids`fidr kl Zdra`dkgc. Kf> H`fdr ^dktsgcrkjt jr Wbzkb`bakd ufi Wbzkm`psy-
gcb`bakd 94, ::3-:;?.
Qdstdrf, Erugd/Nmhd Ubsdfjd`i, 5?==> Tfkbfs, Fbrls, mfi tcd Uksd kf T.W. Qmad Kfdqum`kty. Kf>Mldrkgmf Wbgkb`bakgm` Udvkdw 1:, 4=7-471. 0cttp>//msr.smadpue.gbl/gbftdft/1:/9/4=7.mestrmgt6
^m``dr, Nbcf, =;;5> Ycd Fmturd mfi Brkakfs bj Lmss Bpkfkbf. Gmlerkiad Dfa`mfi 8 Fdw [brh,
F[, TWM> Gmlerkiad Tfkvdrskty _rdss.
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