the indian colonial history quiz

The Indian Colonial History QuizQM: Anmol DhawanArmed Forces Medical College, Pune

ROUND ONE – LIST IT!

Fill in the blanks, from 1 – 10.

Colonial Name• 1. _________• 2. _________• Coorg• 4. _________• 5. _________• Tellicherry• Cocanada• Waltair• 9. _________• Trichinopoly

Indian Name• Kollam• Kannur• 3. _________• Thoothukudi• Udhagamandalam• 6. _________• 7. _________• 8. _________• Khambat• 10. _________

Kindly exchange your answer sheets.

ROUND TWO – INFINITE REBOUND

1• John Zephaniah Holwell was a surgeon, an employee of the English

East India Company, and a temporary Governor of Bengal (1760). His account of a particular 1758 incident obtained wide circulation in England and some claim this gained support for the East India Company's conquest of India.

• “The dungeon was a strongly barred room and was not intended for the confinement of more than two or three men at a time. There were only two windows, and a projecting veranda outside and thick iron bars within impeded the ventilation, while fires raging in different parts of the fort suggested an atmosphere of further oppressiveness. The prisoners were packed so tightly that the door was difficult to close.”

• What is he describing? AFMC connect.

Black Hole of Calcutta

2• Born in Ratnagiri in 1669, X was the first notable chief of

the Maratha Navy. He fought against the British, Dutch and Portuguese naval interests on the coasts of India during the 18th century and, as a result, his European enemies labeled him a pirate. Despite the attempts of the British and Portuguese to subdue him, he remained undefeated until his death.

• Today, his statue proudly stands in the Indian Naval Dockyard in Mumbai. While the original fort built by him that overlooked the Naval Docks has vanished, its boundary wall is still intact and within it lays the Headquarters of Indian Western Naval Command, the building of which is named after him.

• ID X.

Kanhoji Angre• The institution housing the headquarters of the Western Naval

Command is known as INS Angre.

3• X was a writer born in Motihari, Bihar, and is unarguably one

of the most prolific writers of the English language in the 20th century.

• ID X.

George Orwell

4• Catherine Braganza

was a Portugese princess, who was married to King Charles II of England in 1661.

• What was the consequence of this marriage that was to change Indian history?

Transfer of Bombay from the hands of the Portugese to the English

5• X is a club in South Mumbai, home to the only 18-hole golf

course in the city.• It was established by Lord __________, the Viceroy of India,

after he was denied entry into the Bombay Gumkhana and the Royal Bombay Yacht Club because he was accompanied by an Indian Maharaja, in spite of him being the Viceroy of India.

• Thus this was the first, and perhaps the only, club to allow membership to Indians, before independence.

• ID X.

Royal Willingdon Sports Club• A banquet was held there in 1954 to celebrate the

first Filmfare awards ceremony, and the event was attended by actor Gregory Peck. One of the award winners, Bimal Roy was not allowed entry into the club for the party as he was dressed in a dhoti!

6• ______ de Albuquerque (1453-1515) was a Portuguese

general, and a statesman, who served as the 2nd Viceroy of Portugese India and the 1st Duke of Goa.

• He was also the first European to discover the sea route to Thailand.

• However, he is most famous for having introduced grafting techniques in farming, producing extraordinary varieties of fruits and vegetables.

• How has his name been immortalised in India?

Alphonso Mangoes(after Afonso de Alburquerque)

7• What is this?

The page where Ronald Ross wrote his research on the life cycle of the malarial parasite.

8• Coronation Park is a park located in North Delhi. It was on this

park that three massive events by the same name took place – the first time in 1877, and then subsequently in 1903 and 1911.

• The event of 1911 was the largest celebration and had rulers of all the princely statues in attendance.

• What was the collective name for the events am I talking about?

Delhi Durbar

9• The Savoy is a hotel in Mussoorie that was built by the British. In

1911, one of the guests was found mysteriously dead, and an autopsy revealed that she had been poisoned with prussic acid, a cyanide-based poison. The murder was never solved and her doctor was also found dead a few months later, of strychnine poisoning.

• This came to the notice of veteran English writer living in India X, who wrote to Y in England suggesting Y to write a story about a “murder by suggestion”. Though Y never visited to investigate, he mentioned the story to another writer Z, and this story inspired Z’s novel “___ __________ ______ __ ______”.

• ID X, Y, Z and the name of the novel.

X – Rudyard KiplingY – Sir Arthur Conan DoyleZ – Agatha Christie

Novel: “The Mysterious Affair at Styles”

10• Mary Ward was an English nun who founded the Institution of

the Blessed Virgin Mary, known more commonly by an alternate name, in Northern France. This institution was taken to Ireland, a Catholic country, by Teresa Ball in the 1800s to counter the growing Protestant influence in English education in the then-British-controlled Ireland.

• In the 1842, this institution came to Calcutta, India, from where it spread across the country, with its presence in Calcutta, Lucknow, Shimla and Darjeeling, among others. Presently, it runs 17 branches in India, with the largest and most prestigious one at Middleton Row, Kolkata.

• ID this institution.

The Sisters of Loreto, who set up the Loreto Convent Schools in India.

11• Connect the following places with respect to Indian colonial

history:

• Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu• Serampore, West Bengal• Nicobar Islands

The only Danish settlements in India

12• A polar area diagram (pictured on next slide) is similar to a usual pie

chart, except sectors are equal angles and differ rather in how far each sector extends from the center of the circle.

• It is used to plot cyclic phenomena (e.g., count of deaths by month), for example, death counts in each month of the year, if showing a seasonal pattern.

• It was devised in the 1850s by X who made a comprehensive statistical study of sanitation in Indian rural life and was the leading figure in the introduction of improved medical care and public health service in India. X was also responsible for the establishment of a Royal Commission into the Indian situation; and because of the reforms carried out by the Royal Commission, X reported that, “Mortality among the soldiers in India had declined from 69 to 18 per 1,000.”

• ID X.

Florence Nightingale

13• St Francis Church in Fort

Kochi, originally built in 1503, is the oldest European church in India.

• What is the other claim to fame of this church, regarding something that happened in 1524, and the site of something for fourteen years before it shifted to Lisbon, Portugal?

The site of Vasco da Gama’s grave.• Vasco da Gama died in

Cochin in 1524 when he was on his third visit to India. His body was originally buried in this church, but after fourteen years his remains were removed to Lisbon.

• The gravestone of Vasco da Gama can still be seen here.

• A cenotaph in memory of the residents of Kochi who fell in the World War I was erected in 1920.

14• X was an Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India, who became

known as Sikandar Sahib later in life, and most known for two cavalry regiments he raised for the British, later known as 1st X's Horse and 3rd X's Horse in 1803, which still are a part of the Indian Army.

• His father was an Englishman and his mother a Rajput, which led him to be not accepted by the British Army in India, so he joined the Marathas and fought the British, before the Marathas decided to get rid of all Anglo-Indian warriors, after which he joined hands with the British.

• He is notable for constructing a church in Kashmere Gate, Delhi, which is the oldest church in Delhi.

• ID X.

Col James Skinner

15• Born Edith Ellen Gray in 1886 in Cambridge, she

fell in love with and married Jatindra Mohan ________, a young Bengali student at Cambridge who eventually became a prosperous lawyer in British India.

• She joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921, and eventually was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1931, being the third woman to hold this office.

• After independence, she chose to live in East Pakistan, in her husband's hometown of Chittagong on the request of Jawaharlal Nehru who asked her to look after the interests of the Hindu minority in East Pakistan.

• She was honoured with a Padma Bhushan in 1972 for her work in the Indian freedom struggle and contribution to welfare of the Hindu minority in Bangladesh.

• Lindsay Street in Calcutta has been renamed in her honour.

• What is the name by which she is better known?

Nellie Sengupta

16• Emily Eden, born in 1797, was an English poet and novelist

who gave witty pictures of English life in the early 19th century, most famous for having written two very successful novels, The Semi-Detached House (1859) and The Semi-Attached Couple (1860), whose style critics have compared to novels by Jane Austen, who was Emily’s favourite author.

• She was the sister of George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, who served as the Governor General of India from 1835 to 1842 (as Lord Auckland).

• What is her most famous contribution to India?

Eden Gardens, Calcutta• The famous Eden Gardens of Calcutta, which ultimately

became a cricket stadium, were laid out by Emily Eden and her sister Fanny.

17• “_____ _____ Park” in Khan Market, New Delhi, designed by

the British archtiect Walter Sykes George was built in 1945 was New Delhi’s first apartment complex.

• It is named after the grandfather of a very famous Indian writer X who lived in this apartment complex till his death last year.

• Fill in the blanks and ID X.

Sujan Singh ParkX: Khushwant Singh

18• William Hamilton was a surgeon in the British East India

Company. He was a part of the delegation that went from Calcutta, the base of the company, to meet Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar in his court in Delhi in 1715. He was called to treat a swelling in the groin of the emperor, which he treated successfully, and was subsequently generously awarded for it.

• What was the more important consequence of this event in Indian history?

The Emperor’s farman, allowing British colonization in India

• In April 1717, the emperor’s farman (grant) was issued, meeting all the requests that the Company had made in its petitions.

• The Company was also granted trading privileges in Bengal and further fortification of Calcutta.

• This grant was instrumental in the setting up of business and the colonisation of Bengal, later to be followed by the rest of India, by the East India Company.

• Later, this farman was used by Robert Clive as legal justification for the Battle of Plassey.

The message on his grave atSt. John’s Church, Calcutta

Under this Stone lyes interredthe Body of"William Hamilton, Surgeon,Who departed this life 4 December 1717.His memory ought to be dear to hisNation for the credit he gain'd the Englishin curing Ferrukseer, the presentKing of Indostan, of aMalignant Distemper, by which hemade his own Name famous at theCourt of that Great Monarch;and without doubt will perpetuatehis memory, as well in Great Britainas all other Nations of Europe."

19• Elihu ____ was a Welsh merchant who served the British East

India Company for 20 years and became the second governor of Fort St. George, Madras, in 1687, and was instrumental in the development of what is now the Rajiv Gandhi Govt General Hospital in Chennai.

• In 1718, a representative of the Collegiate School of Connecticut contacted him and asked for his help. Elihu sent him 417 books, a portrait of King George, and nine bales of goods, which were sold for £800 to finance a new building which, in gratitude, was named after Elihu.

• What is his nomenclatural claim to fame?

Yale University, after Elihu Yale• The new building was

named the Yale College, after Elihu Yale, who had otherwise nothing to do with the institution. Eventually Yale College became Yale University. A gentleman named Jeremiah Dummer donated a much larger amount of money, but the trustees of the college didn’t want it to be named “Dummer College”.

20• In 1690, the Maratha ruler Rajaram Chhattrapati decided to

auction off a small building on the Coromandel Coast (which was renamed Fort St David and was at one point of time the British headquarters of Southern India) to the highest European bidder, where the English outpowered the French and the Dutch.

• As part of the deal, a few villages, which came to be known as “__________ Villages”, around the fort were also to be transferred to English hands. One of these villages was Cuddalore (now in Tamil Nadu).

• How was it decided which villages were to pass off to the English? (Alternatively, fill in the blank.)

Cannonball Villages• Legend has it that the English

purchased the fort and the adjacent villages with “ye randome shott of a piece of ordnance”.

• A great cannon was fired from the fort to different points of the compass and all the country within its range passed into the possession of the English. The villages thus obtained were called “cannonball villages” or “Gundu Gramam”.

ROUND THREE – MAP ROUND

Connect the cities on the map.

Himachal Pradesh

Uttarakhand

New Zealand

Cities to be named after British Governors-General of India

• Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh• Lansdowne, Uttarakhand• Auckland, New Zealand• Hastings, New Zealand

Round Four - Memorials• The immense contribution of Indians in the First World War

saw the establishment of a lot of memorial across the world, commemorating Indian soldiers who gave up their lives in battle.

• Let’s see how many of them you can name!

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Now, for the answers…

1 – Teen Murti Memorial, New Delhi• Unveiled in 1924 by the then

Viceroy of India, Lord Reading.• The three statues represent

the Hyderabad, Jodhpur and Mysore lancers who were part of the 15 Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade during the Great War and who were later amalgamated into the 61st Cavalry of the Indian Army after Independence, which is today the only functioning cavalry regiment, in the world.

2 – Lascar War Memorial, Kolkata• Dedicated to the

memory of 896 Lascars (sailors from the India), who died fighting for the British Navy during World War I.

3 – Gorkha Memorial, London• Unveiled by

Queen Elizabeth II in 1997. This was the first memorial to Gurkha soldiers in the United Kingdom, and was occasioned by transfer of their headquarters and training centre from Hong Kong to London in 1997.

4 – Helles Memorial, Gallipoli, Turkey• The memorial serves the dual

function of being a Commonwealth battle memorial for the whole Gallipoli Campaign and place of commemoration for 20,885 Commonwealth servicemen who died there and have no known grave. The memorial takes the form of an obelisk and is over 30 metres high.

• The British and Indian forces named on the memorial died in operations throughout the peninsula, and the Australians at Helles. There are also panels for those who died or were buried at sea in Gallipoli waters.

5 – Menin Gate, Ypres, Belgium• Following the Menin Gate Memorial

opening in 1927, the citizens of Ypres wanted to express their gratitude towards those who had given their lives for Belgium's freedom. Hence every evening at 20:00, buglers from the local fire brigade close the road which passes under the memorial and sound the "Last Post". Except for the occupation by the Germans in World War II when the daily ceremony was conducted in Surrey, England, this ceremony has been carried on uninterrupted since 2 July 1928.

• On the evening that Polish forces liberated Ypres in the Second World War, the ceremony was resumed at the Menin Gate despite the fact that heavy fighting was still taking place in other parts of the town.

6 – Neuve Chapelle, France• The memorial, designed by Sir Herbert

Baker (who also designed the Rashtrapati Bhawan) is a circular enclosure centred on a tall pillar that is topped by a lotus capital, and carved representations of the Star of India and the Imperial Crown.

• Other architectural and sculptural features of the memorial include carved stone tigers, and two small domed chattris.

• At the foot of the pillar is a Stone of Remembrance inscribed with the words: "Their name liveth for evermore.“

• The main inscription is in both English and French, while the column also bears an inscription in English, Arabic, Hindi and Punjabi: "God is One, His is the Victory".

7 – Kirkee War Memorial, Khadki• This memorial is

dedicated to Indian soldiers of both the First and the Second World War.

ROUND FIVE – INFINITE REBOUND

1• The Treaty of Lahore of 1846, was a peace treaty marking the

end of the First Anglo-Sikh War. It was concluded by the Governor-General Sir Henry Hardinge and the seven-year-old Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur.

• Perhaps the most salient term of this treaty was that X, after having been annexed from Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk of Afghanistan, now exchanged hands from the Maharaja of Lahore to the Queen of England.

• ID X.

The Kohinoor Diamond

2• Samuel Pepys Cockerell was a surveyor for the British East

India Company, in spite of which he never travelled to India, but was greatly influenced by Mughal architecture through paintings by artists such as Thomas Daniell.

• X is a building in England, designed by Cockerell in 1787 for George IV when he was Prince of Wales as his retreat, but was transformed into a military hospital during WW1, catering to wounded soldiers of the Indian Army.

• It also houses a Chhatri, a memorial for the Indian soldiers who fought for the British during WW1.

• ID X.

The Royal Pavilion, Brighton

3• The ________ Jews are a community of Sephardic Jews settled among the larger Cochin

Jewish community.

• They were originally immigrants from Sepharad (Spain and Portugal) during the 15th and 16th centuries who fled conversion or persecution in the wake of the Alhambra Decree expelling Jews from Spain. They are sometimes referred to as White Jews, in contrast to the local Malabar Jews (also known as Black Jews due to their dark skin colour).

• Their original language was called Ladino, but they soon adopted a language called Judeo-Malayalam.

• Their only place of worship is the ________ Synagogue, which happens to be the oldest continuously functioning synagogue anywhere in the British Commonwealth.

• Sadly, most of these people emigrated to Israel in 1948, with the remaining refusing to inter-marry with the Malabari Jews. As of 2014, only 7 people remain in Kochi, including a ticket-seller at the synagogue, who is the only woman of child-bearing age.

• ID this “foreign” community.

The Paradesi Jews

4• Joseph Baptista was an activist

from Bombay, closely associated with the Lokmanya Tilak and the Home Rule Movement.

• He was elected as the Mayor of Bombay in 1925.

• He belonged to the East Indian ethnic community, who were converted to Roman Catholicism during Portuguese rule between the 16th and 18th centuries.

• What was his particular literary contribution to the Indian freedom struggle?

He is said to have coined the slogan,

“Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it.”

5• “________’s _____” is a present-generation term that refers to

an Indian who believes in the superiority of British culture and education over traditional Indian culture and education.

• The name comes from Thomas Babington ________, known for bringing English education to India.

Macaulay’s Child• After Thomas Babington MacAulay.

6• A Pantua is a traditional Bengali sweet made of deep-fried

balls of semolina, chhana, milk, ghee and sugar syrup. Pantuas range in colour from pale brown to nearly black depending on how long they are fried.

• The confectioner Bhim Nag produced pantuas under a different name X, when he specially prepared these on the occasion of Y’s birthday.

• ID X and Y.

X – LedikeniY – Lady Canning

7• What was it the first-of-its-kind thing in the world that took

place in India in February 1911, lasting 27 mins, led by Henri Pequet?

The world’s first official airmail

8• _______ ______ was a Maratha ruler from Gwalior.

• He was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. During his reign, Gwalior became the leading state in the Maratha Empire and one of the foremost military powers in India. After accompanying Shah Alam II in 1771 to Delhi, he restored the Mughals in Delhi, under the suzerainty of Marathas.

• His role during the First Anglo-Maratha War was greatest from the Maratha side since he humbled the British in Central India, single handedly, resulting in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782, where he mediated between the Peshwa and the British.

• A memorial dedicated to him is located in Wanowrie (right next door to AFMC) that marks the spot of his cremation in 1794.

Mahadji Shinde

9• The Battle of ______ was the fought in 1944 in the Second

World War, where British and Indian soldiers fought together.

• The battle is often referred to as the “Stalingrad of the East”.

• In 2013, the British National Army Museum voted this to be “Britain's Greatest Battle”.

Battle of Kohima• It was the turning point of the Japanese U Go offensive into India

and was fought in three stages from 4 April to 22 June 1944 around the town of Kohima, Nagaland.

• From 3 to 16 April, the Japanese attempted to capture Kohima ridge, a feature which dominated the road by which the besieged British and Indian troops of IV Corps at Imphal were supplied. By mid-April, the small British force at Kohima was relieved. From 18 April to 13 May, British and Indian reinforcements counter-attacked to drive the Japanese from the positions they had captured. The Japanese abandoned the ridge at this point but continued to block the Kohima–Imphal road. From 16 May to 22 June, the British and Indian troops pursued the retreating Japanese and reopened the road. The battle ended on 22 June when British and Indian troops from Kohima and Imphal met at Milestone 109, ending the Siege of Imphal.

10• William Jones was a philologist (someone who studies

languages) born in London in 1746. His father (also named William Jones) was a Welsh mathematician, noted for devising the use of the symbol π.

• Jones was a hyperglot, being fluent in 41 languages, and wrote journals in many of them. He wrote in Farsi under the pseudonym “Yunus Uksfardi,” meaning “Jones of Oxford”.

• He is buried in Calcutta, where he founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

• What was his theory which became his biggest contribution to the world of language?

That Indian and European languages had a common ancestry, thereby labelling them as “Indo-European Languages,” and their precursors as “Proto-Indo-European Languages”.

11• Arthur Travers Crawford (1835-1911) was the first Municipal

Commissioner and collector of Bombay. He was famous as an able administrator as well as for his allegedly, underhand financial dealings.

• Crawford Market in South Mumbai, was named after him. The friezes on the outside entrance of the building depicting Indian farmers, and the stone fountains inside, were designed by Lockwood Kipling, father of novelist Rudyard Kipling.

• In 1882, Crawford Market became the first building to achieve a particular status in India. What?

1st building to be lit up with electricity in India

12• Castella de Aguada is a fort

in Bandra, Mumbai, built by the Portugese in 1640, before ceding Bombay to the English.

• In 1830, the British donated large parts of Salsette Island, including the fort to X, a Parsi philanthropist who then established his residence on the hill where the fort is located, and the cape was renamed ‘X Point’.

• ID X.

Byramjee Jeejeebhoy

13• Identify the man on

this legendary poster, inspiring many Brits to join the army.• He is also responsible

for carrying out reforms of the largest scale in the British Indian Army, in 1902.

Lord Kitchener

14• This is a panorama of the Royal Crescent at Bath, England.

What did this building inspire in Indian colonial architecture?

Architecture of Connaught Place, New Delhi

15• The House of X is a European dynasty originating as a branch

of the German princely Y family. The name X was adopted during World War I by the family, then known as Y, residing in Britain because of rising anti-German sentiment among the British public. The name X is an Anglicisation of the German Y, a small town in Hesse.

• ID X and Y.

X: MountbattenY: Battenberg (where “berg” means “mountain”)

16• X is a department of the Government of India, which was the

first of its kind in the world.

• It was set up in 1887 by Maj Gen Sir Charles MacGregor who was getting increasingly anxious about Russian troop developments in Afghanistan, fearing a Russian invasion of British India through the Northwest during the late 19th century.

• ID X.

Intelligence Bureau

17• The Second Afghan War was fought from 1878 to 1880, and

resulted in British victory, largely due to their army of 40,000 men, mostly consisting of Indian sepoys.

• The Battle of Maiwand in 1880 was one of the principal battles of the war. It was in this battle that Surgeon-Major Alexander Francis Preston, the RMO of the 66th Berkshire Regiment, was wounded by a bullet, and subsequently sent back to England.

• On reaching England, he met another doctor X, who was inspired by his story and decided to pay him a tribute in his own style, in the creation of Y.

• ID X and Y, both proper nouns.

X: Sir Arthur Conan DoyleY: Dr John Watson• The character of Dr Watson, Sherlock Holmes’s sidekick, is said

to have been inspired from Preston.

18• The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War broke out in 1798 against the Sultan

of Mysore, Tipu Sultan.

• Lord Mornington, the Governor-General of India, ordered that an army be sent to capture Seringapatnam and defeat Tipu. This effort saw the participation of Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington.

• The war resulted in the death of Tipu Sultan. On hearing this news, Wellesley was the first at the scene to confirm his death, checking his pulse.

• He also played an instrumental role in the Fourth Anglo-Maratha War, as a consequence of which the British were able to extend their control upto the river Godavari.

• However, neither of these is his most famous battle. Which battle was it that made Arthur Wellesley famous and gave him the nickname “The Iron Duke” and lent the capital of New Zealand to be named “Wellington” after him?

The Battle of Waterloo

19• In 1846, two British lieutenants Lumsden and Hodson were given the

task to begin the process of raising the Corps of Guides for frontier service from British Indian recruits at Peshawar.

• A tactic used by the Afghan tribals in war inspired Lumsden and Hodson to introduce _____ ________ for the local recruits, which were were used by British troops for the first time during the Abyssinian (Ethiopian) campaign of 1867–68, under Sir Robert Napier. Subsequently, it was adopted by the British Army for their colonial campaigns.

• During the Second Boer War, the British forces became known as _____s because of this. The US Army adopted also _____ ________ during the Spanish American War of 1898. The Navy and the Marines followed suit.

• FITB to answer what it was that Lumsden and Hodson introduced to their army, still seen EXTENSIVELY in India and in a number of other countries as well.

Khaki Uniforms• This was inspired by Afghan

tribals, who wore dresses of this colour to camouflage themselves from the local dust.

• Worn by Indian policemen till date.

• William Hodson was also the guy who later gained fame/infamy for executing three sons of Bahadur Shah Zafar on a gate near the Feroz Shah Kotla, which has since then come to be known as ‘Khooni Darwaza’.

20• We all know General Reginald Dyer as the villain of the Jallianwala

Bagh incident, but not many of us would be familiar with his father Edward Dyer, whom we AFMCites owe a lot to.

• He set up a business in Kasauli in 1855, which was the first of its kind in India, and soon opened more such businesses at Solan, Shimla, Murree, Rawalpindi and Mandalay. He met another British entrepreneur, who bought some of his assets and expanded his company. Following World War I, they jointly ran the company together.

• In 1949, an Indian businessman took over the company, and came out with their flagship product in 1954.

• ID the flagship product.

Old Monk Rum

Hope you had fun!