the independence of india
Post on 02-Jan-2016
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India was a colony of Great Britain
1757-1857 India is run by the East India Tea Company
1858-1947 British Government rules India using royal
governors and viceroysBritish use raw materials
from India to build theirEmpire
Colonial India
INC – Indian National Congress
Formed in 1885Mostly HinduAfter independence, became India’s main
political party
Muslim LeagueFormed in 1906Political party in Pakistan and Bangladesh
Independence Movements
More than 1 million Indian troops serve in British Army during war
Indian wheat and cotton used in war effort
1917 British promise to work toward self-government
(same year as the Balfour Declaration)
World War I
Why did Indians call for independence after World War I?
Indians felt that the British did not deliver the significant reforms promised during the war as acknowledged for their services. Amritsar massacre intensified dissatisfication.
Checkpoint
Harsh laws enacted after WWI leading to many arrests
British pit Hindus vs. MuslimsIn Amritsar, all large gatherings are banned
British threaten to use force10,000 unarmed demonstrators in walled gardenLocal British commander decides to set example
Blocks entrance and opens fire when crowd doesn’t leave
400 Dead, 1200 WoundedIncreased desire for Independence, lacked unity.
Amritsar Massacre
Known as “The Mahatma” (great soul)Born in 1869 (4 yrs after Civil War)Family was middle class, HinduMarried at 13 in an arranged marriageWent to college in London, became a lawyer1893-1914 lives in South Africa and fights
against apartheidReturns to India during WW I and begins
“fighting” for independence
Mohandas Gandhi
PacifismCivil Disobedience
Henry David ThoreauMartin Luther King Jr.Nelson Mandela
Joins with INC to work toward Indian independenceUrged “non-c00peration”Ahimsa, nonviolence and reverence of life, “love”Arrested in 1922 for sedition, served 2 yearsSeries of arrests and hunger strikesFought to end harsh treatment of Untouchables,
members of the lowest class
Gandhi’s Beliefs
Urged Indians to boycott British made goods
Only wore Homespun clothing, symbol during protests was the spinning wheel
Believed that denying British the profits of colonialism would lead to independence
1930 – Protest against salt tax charged to citizens
Marched 240 miles to the sea to make salt
British arrest 60,000
Boycotts
What methods did Indians under Gandhi use to resist British rule?
They staged boycotts and other nonviolent protests. They increased their own industries so India would be more self-sufficient.
What did the salt march symbolize?Indian protest against oppression.
Checkpoint
1935 – Government of India ActIncreased suffrageLimited self-government
Hindu – Muslim DisputesHindus outnumbered Muslims 3-1Controlled 7 out of 11 provincesMuslims wanted a separate country
INC led by Jawarharal Nehru and Gandhi wanted one united India
Steps toward Independence
British agree to grant independence after WW II
Violence continues between Hindus and Muslims
1947 Independence achievedIndiaWest Pakistan and East PakistanMigration ensued, over 100,000
deaths
Independence and Division
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