the ilo at a glance
Post on 14-Apr-2018
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
1/24
TheILOat a glance
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
2/24
Universal and
lasting peace can be
established only if it
is based on social
justice."
I LO Constitution, 1919
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
3/24
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
4/24
Past...
The ILO was ceated in 1919, as pat of the Teat of Vesailles
that ended World War I, to reect the belief that universal and
lasting peace can be accoplished onl if it is based on social
justice. The ILOs foundes wee coitted to speading huane
woing conditions and cobating injustice, hadship and povet.
In 1944, duing anothe peiod of intenational cisis, ILO ebes
built on these ais b adopting the Declaration of Philadelphia,
which states that labou is not a coodit and sets out basic
huan and econoic ights unde the pinciple that povet
anwhee constitutes a dange to pospeit evewhee.
The ILO in 1946 became the rst specialized agency associated with
the newl foed United Nations. On its 50th annivesa in 1969, the
ILO was awaded the Nobel Peace Pize.
The vast expansion in the nube of counties belonging to the ILO in
the decades afte Wold Wa II bought uch change. The oganization
launched technical assistance pogaes to povide expetise
and assistance to govenents, woes and eploes woldwide,
especiall in developing nations. In counties such as Poland, Chile and
South Afica, the ILOs stong suppot fo tade union ights helped in
the ght for democracy and freedom.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
5/24
Anothe ipotant date fo the ILO was 1998, when delegates to
the Intenational Labou Confeence adopted the Declaration on
Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. These pinciples and
ights ae the ight to feedo of association and collective bagaining
and the eliination of child labou, foced labou and disciination
lined to eploent. The guaantee of these fundaental
pinciples and ights at wo, accoding to the Declaation, is
ipotant because it enables people to clai feel and on the
basis of equalit of oppotunit, thei fai shae of the wealth which
the have helped to geneate and to achieve full thei huan
potential.
...to Present
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
6/24
Wo is cental to peoples well-being. In addition to poviding incoe,
wo can pave the wa fo boade social and econoic advanceent,
stengthening individuals, thei failies and counities. Such
pogess, howeve, hinges on wo that is decent.
Decent wo sus up the aspiations of people in thei woing lives.
It involves oppotunities fo wo that is poductive and delives a faiincoe, secuit in the woplace and social potection fo failies.
Decent wo eans bette pospects fo pesonal developent and
social integation, and feedo fo people to expess thei concens,
oganize and paticipate in the decisions that affect thei lives. It
entails equalit of oppotunit and teatent fo all woen and
en.
Decent wo is the e to the eadication of povet. If woenand en have access to decent wo, the can shae in the gains
bought b inceased intenational econoic integation. Extending
oppotunities fo decent wo to oe people is a cucial eleent
in aing globalization oe inclusive and fai. Ceating decent
eploent ust theefoe be at the heat of developent polic.
Decent Work...
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
7/24
...in a Globalizing World
In 2004, the ole of the ILO in pooting stategies fo a fai
globalization was baced b the epot of the Wold Coission on
the Social Diension of Globalization.
The dive to foste decent wo spans the ILO, integating what the
oganization does at intenational, egional, national and local levels.
In binging togethe govenents, eploes and woes to set
labou standads, supevise thei ipleentation, aise awaeness,
develop policies and devise pogaes, the ILO ais to ensue that
its effots ae ooted in the needs of woing woen and en.
The ILO wos activel with the UN and othe ultilateal agencies
to develop policies and pogaes that suppot the ceation of
decent wo oppotunities as a cental plan of effots to educe and
eadicate povet.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
8/24
Social
Dialogue is a
flexible tool
for achieving
economic andsocialchange.
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
Undeling the ILOs wo is the ipotance of coopeation between
govenents and eploes and woes oganizations in fosteing
social and econoic pogess. Dialogue between the govenents and
the two social patnes pootes consensus-building and deocatic
involveent of those with vital staes in the wold of wo.
This social dialogue can ean negotiation, consultation o sipl
an exchange of views between epesentatives of eploes, woes
and govenents. It a consist of elations between labou and
anageent, with o without diect govenent involveent. Social
dialogue is a exible tool that enables governments and employers
and woes oganizations to anage change and achieve econoic
and social goals.
The ve stuctue of the ILO, whee woes and eploes togethe
have an equal voice with govenents in the wo of its govening
councils, shows social dialogue in action. It ensues that the views
of the social partners are closely reected in ILO labour standards,
policies and pogaes.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
9/24
GOVErNANCE AND POL ICymAk ING
The ILOs boad policies ae set b the Intenational Labou
Confeence, which eets once a ea and bings togethe
the oganizations constituents. The Confeence also adopts
new intenational labou standads and appoves the ILOs
wo plan and budget.
Between sessions of the Confeence, the ILO is guided b its
Govening Bod, which is coposed of 28 govenent
ebes, 14 eploe ebes and 14 woe ebes.
The ILOs Secretariat, the International Labour Ofce, hasits headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and maintains eld
ofces in more than 40 countries.
In 1999, Juan Soavia of Chile becae the ILOs ninth Diecto-
General. He is the rst person from the Southern Hemisphere
to head the oganization.
At the sae tie, the ILO helps govenents and eploes and
woes oganizations establish sound labou elations, adapt labou
laws to changing econoic and social cicustances and ipove
labou adinistation. In suppoting and einfocing eploes and
woes oganizations, the ILO helps to ceate the conditions fo
effective dialogue with govenents and with each othe.
GOVErNANCE AND POL ICymAk ING
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
10/24
Core labourstandards are
a central plank
of decent work
STANDARDS
Since its early days, the ILO has sought to dene and guarantee
labou ights and ipove conditions fo woing people b building
a sste of intenational labou standads expessed in the fo of
Conventions, recoendations and Codes of Pactice.
The ILO has since adopted oe than 180 ILO Conventions and
190 recoendations coveing all aspects of the wold of wo.
This bod of intenational labou law was ecentl eviewed
b the Govening Bod which deteined that oe than 70
of the Conventions adopted befoe 1985 eained full up to
date and the eainde equied evision o withdawal. In
addition, dozens of Codes of Pactice have been developed.
In aeas as vaied as atenit leave and potection of igants,
these standads pla an ipotant ole in the dawing up of nationallegislation. A supeviso pocess helps to ensue that standads
ratied by individual member States are applied and the ILO provides
advice in the dafting of national labou laws.
With the adoption of the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and
Rights at Work in 1998, ILO ebe States decided to uphold a set
of core labour standards regardless of whether they had ratied the
elevant conventions. These ae basic huan ights and a cental
plan of decent wo.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
11/24
9
Freedom of
Association
is a building
block for social
and economic
progress
Freedom of Association
The ight of woes and eploes to fo and join oganizations of
thei choice is an integal pat of a fee and open societ. It is a basic
civil libet that seves as a building bloc fo social and econoic
pogess. Lined to this is the effective ecognition of the ight to
collective bagaining. Voice and epesentation ae an ipotant
pat of decent wo.
The existence of independent oganizations fo woes and
eploes seves as a foundation to the ILOs tipatite stuctue,
and thei involveent in ILO actions and policies einfoces feedo
of association, diectl and indiectl. Fo advising govenents on
labou legislation to poviding education and taining fo tade unions
and eploe goups, the ILO is egulal engaged in pooting
feedo of association.
The ILOs Coittee on Feedo of Association was set up in 1951 to
exaine violations of woes and eploes oganizing ights. The
coittee has exained oe than 2,000 cases, including allegations
of udes, disappeaances, phsical attacs, aests and foced
exile of trade union ofcials. The committee is tripartite and handles
complaints in ILO member States whether or not they have ratied
feedo of association conventions.
Though the Coittee on Feedo of Association and othe
supeviso echaniss, the ILO has fequentl defended ights of
tade unions and eploes oganizations. In an cases, these
organizations have played a signicant role in their countries
deocatic tansfoation.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
12/24
10
Forced Labour
An estiated iniu of at least 12 illion people woldwide ae
victis of foced labou. Of those, 10 illion ae exploited b foced
labou in the pivate econo, athe than that iposed diectl
by states. The ILO estimates that US$32 billion in annual prots are
generated by the forced labour of trafcked people.
Forced labour takes different forms, including debt bondage, trafckingand othe fos of oden slave. The ost vulneable victis ae
woen and gils foced into postitution, igants tapped in debt
bondage, and sweatshop o fa woes ept thee b cleal illegal
tactics and paid little o nothing.
The ILO has woed since its inception to tacle foced labou and
the conditions that give ise to it and has established a Special Action
Pogae on Foced Labou to intensif this effot. In patneship with
woes, eploes, civil societ and othe intenational oganizations,
the ILO sees to addess all aspects of foced labou. These ange fo
peventive easues including livelihood ipoveent pojects in
communities where trafcking victims originate, to support for freed
workers. Programmes can include micronance, training opportunities
and facilitating access to education.
The ILO is also pessing fo effective national laws and stonge
enfoceent echaniss, such as legal sanctions and vigoous
posecution against those who exploit foced laboues. B aising
public awaeness, the ILO sees to shine a spotlight on such huan
and labou ights violations.
The ILO seeksto address
all aspects of
forced labour
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
13/24
11
Child labour is
on the decline
globally
Child Labour
Thee ae oe than 200 illion childen woing thoughout the
wold, an full-tie. The ae depived of adequate education,
good health and basic feedos. Of these, 126 illion o one in
eve 12 childen woldwide ae exposed to hazadous fos of
child labou, wo that endanges thei phsical, ental o oal
well-being.
Ove the past 15 eas, the wold has awaened to child labou as a
pessing social, econoic and huan ights issue. Toda, child labou
globall is on the decline, and if this tend continues, its wost fos
a be eliinated in the coing decade. This is the diect esult of
a poweful intenational oveent to eliinate child labou.
This movement is reected in the unprecedented pace with whichcounties ae atifing the ILOs Wost Fos of Child Labou
Convention. Adopted in 1999, the Convention has been ratied by
nine out of eve 10 of the ILOs 181 ebe States. Siilal, the
ILOs Minimum Age Convention adopted in 1973 has now been ratied
by four out of ve ILO member States.
The ILO has been a pincipal engine behind this gowing oveent.
The Intenational Pogae on the Eliination of Child Labou
(IPEC), launched in 1992, now encopasses activities in ove 80
counties. As with othe aspects of decent wo, eliinating child
labou is a developent as well as huan ights issue. ILO policies
and pogaes ai to help ensue that childen eceive the
education and taining the need to becoe poductive adults in
decent eploent.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
14/24
1
Discrimination
Hundeds of illions of people suffe fo disciination in the
wold of wo. This not onl violates a ost basic huan ight, but
has wider social and economic consequences. Discrimination sties
oppotunities, wasting the huan talent needed fo econoic
pogess and accentuating social tensions and inequalities. Cobating
disciination is an essential pat of pooting decent wo, and
success on this font is felt well beond the woplace.
Issues lined to disciination ae pesent thoughout the ILOs sphee
of wo. B bolsteing feedo of association, fo exaple, the ILO
sees to pevent disciination against tade union ebes and
ofcials.
Programmes to ght forced labour and child labour include helping
gils and woen tapped in postitution o coecive doestic labou.
Non-disciination is a ain pinciple in the ILOs code of pactice on
HIV/AIDS and the wold of wo. ILO guidelines on labou law include
povisions on disciination.
At the sae tie, gende equalit is integated into all ILO activities.
This reects the persistent and varied problems faced by women in
the labou aet. Woen continue to ean less than en, doinating
low-paid and less-potected occupations and accounting fo the
ajoit of woes in infoal, atpical and unpaid situations. The
ILO wos to expand eploent oppotunities fo woen, enhance
conditions of eploent and eliinate gende disciination. It
encouages woens entepeneuship though suppot sevices,
business development, training, micronance and documentation of
good pactices. And it helps woes oganizations defend and expand
the ights of woen at the woplace and poote thei ole in tade
unions and societ at lage.
Discriminationstifles
opportunities,
wasting human
talent needed
for economic
progress
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
15/24
There has
never been
a greater
need to put
employment at
the centre of
economic andsocial policies
With global uneploent at histoicall high levels, thee has neve
been a geate need to put eploent at the cente of econoic
and social policies. Even aong those who wo, the extent of
povet undescoes the need fo a fa geate nube of poductive
and decent jobs.
The insufcient pace in creating decent work worldwide points to
the need fo geate intenational coodination of aco-econoic
policies, as well as active labou aet policies at the national
level.
Poductive and feel chosen eploent is at the coe of the ILOs
andate, and the oganization is coitted to full eploent.The ILO identies policies that help create and maintain decent
wo and incoe policies that ae foulated in a copehensive
Global Eploent Agenda woed out b the thee ILO constituents.
The oganization caies out eseach and taes pat in intenational
discussion of eploent stategies.
EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
1
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
16/24
1
The ILO is paticulal concened about the assive uneploent
of oung woen and en neal half the wolds uneploed ae
oung people and it sees to help the and thei govenents
though polic advice and concete taining and eploent
initiatives.
The ILO has pioneeed analsis and action on the infoal econo.
This te is used to descibe wo done beond the each of foal
laws and enfoceent echaniss. In an developing counties,
oe than half of the non-agicultual wofoce is in the infoal
econo. most woen in these counties wo infoall often as
steet tades. Infoal wo is ostl unpoductive, insecue, pool
euneated and done unde advese conditions. Helping eploesand woes to ove out of infoalit equies copehensive
stategies to aise sills and poductivit, ipove laws and thei
application and foste self-suppot institutions.
Peiodic ILO publications including Key Indicators of the Labour
Market analse tends and povide extensive statistical data.
The ILO povides technical suppot and advice in aeas anging fo
training and skills to micronance and small business development.
It has advised counties aing the tansition fo centall
planned to aet econoies on eploent, labou aet and
huan esouce policies. The oganization also wos to poote
eploent-intensive investent in developing counties.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
17/24
1
Wages and Other Conditionsof Employment
While wages a ise in an counties, the often eain too
low fo an woes to eet thei basic needs. And while soe
woes a see deceases in the tie the devote to wo, the
accopaning unpedictabilit can weaen job secuit and pose
new difculties for reconciling work and family. Dirty and dangerous
woing conditions, on the decline in industialized counties, ae
still pevalent in the developing wold. meanwhile, job elated
stess and violence ae stating to be ecognized globall as ajo
pobles.
Wages, woing tie, wo oganization, woing conditions and
adapting woing life to the deands of life outside wo ae coe
eleents of the eploent elationship and of woes potection,
as well as e diensions of econoic pefoance, and thus ae ofpincipal inteest to the ILO. These issues ae ajo coponents
of huan esouces anageent, collective bagaining and social
dialogue, as well as of govenent policies.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
18/24
1
The ILO iscommitted
to helping
countries
extend social
protection to
all groups in
society
SOCIAL PROT ECT ION
most en and woen do not have adequate levels of social potection.
The face danges in the woplace and poo o non-existent pension
and health insurance coverage. Some are not allowed sufcient rest
times and many women lack maternity benets. International labour
standads and the UN ecognize social potection as a basic huan
ight. moeove, well-designed social secuit sstes ipoveeconoic pefoance, contibuting to copetitiveness. The ILO
is coitted to helping counties extend social potection to all
goups in societ and to ipoving woing conditions and safet at
wo.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
19/24
1
Social Security
Only 20 per cent of the worlds population have adequate social
security coverage, and more than half lack any coverage at all. The
situation reects levels of economic development, with fewer than
10 per cent of workers in least-developed countries covered by
social security. In middle-income countries, coverage ranges from
20 to 60 per cent, while in most industrial nations, it is close to
100 pe cent.
Social secuit involves access to health cae and incoe secuit,
paticulal in cases of old age, uneploent, sicness, invalidit,
wo inju, atenit o loss of a ain incoe eane.
Concen aong govenents, eploes and woes led the ILO
to launch a Global Capaign on Social Secuit and Coveage foAll in 2003. The capaign builds on ILO effots alead undewa
in oe than 30 counties. These include pojects to help counties
extend coveage at the national level and to stengthen counit-
based social secuit oganizations. The ILO is also doing ipotant
eseach to identif factos that undeine secuit aong people
in the developing and developed wold.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
20/24
1
International Migration
Close to half of all igants and efugees woldwide o soe 86 illion
adults ae econoicall active, eploed o othewise engaged in
euneative activit. And the nube of igants cossing bodes
in seach of eploent and huan secuit is expected to incease
apidl in the coing decades due to the failue of globalization to
povide jobs and econoic oppotunities. Stict iigation contols
and baies iposed b ajo eceiving counties have led to anube of issues of concen, including a high incidence of abuse and
exploitation of igant woes in host societies.
The ILO sees todas global challenge as foging the policies and the
esouces to anage labou igation bette so that it contibutes
positivel to the gowth and developent of both hoe and host
societies, as well as to the well being of the igants theselves.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
21/24
19
The ILO places
special
importance
on developing
and applying
a preventive
safety and
health culture
in workplaces
worldwide
Health and Safety
Eve ea, oe than 2 illion people die fo occupational
accidents o wo-elated diseases. B consevative estiates,
thee ae 270 illion occupational accidents and 160 illion cases
of occupational disease.
The safet of wo vaies enoousl between counties, econoic
sectos and social goups. Deaths and injuies tae a paticulal
heav toll in developing nations, whee lage nubes of people ae
engaged in hazadous activities such as agicultue, constuction,
logging, shing and mining. Throughout the world, the poorest and
least potected often woen, childen and igants ae aong
the ost affected.
Given the pogess that an industialized counties have ade ineducing seious injuies, it is clea that ipoveents in woplace
safet ield esults. yet thee is a lac of awaeness, nowledge and
information about the issue. The ILO works to ll this gap through
eseach, advocac and technical assistance. It helps counties
develop anageent tools, onitoing and infoation sevices,
with the pia focus on hazadous occupations.
The ILO places special ipotance on developing and appling a
peventive safet and health cultue in woplaces woldwide.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
22/24
0
HIV/AIDS
In a elativel shot peiod, the pandeic of HIV/AIDS has becoe one
of the ost citical woplace issues in ou tie. Neal 40 illion
people of woing age have HIV and the global labou foce has lost an
estiated 28 illion woes to AIDS since the stat of the epideic
20 eas ago.
In addition to the epideics devastating ipact on these woen anden and thei failies, it affects the wold of wo in an was.
Fo exaple, disciination against people with HIV/AIDS theatens
fundaental ights at wo, undeining oppotunities fo people to
obtain decent eploent.
Following consultations aong govenents, eploes and woes,
the ILO in 2001 adopted a Code of Pactice on HIV/AIDS and the Wold
of Wo.
The pioneering Code is designed to help prevent the spread of
HIV/AIDS while managing and mitigating its workplace impact.
Among the Codes key principles are non-discrimination, gender
equality, a healthy working environment, no HIV testing for
purposes of employment, condentiality and the continuation of
the employment relationship. Increasingly, the code is serving
as a reference point for employers and trade unions negotiatingagreements on handling HIV/AIDS in the world of work.
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
23/24
-
7/30/2019 The ILO at a glance
24/24
ISBN
978-92-2-118960-2
International Labour Ofce
Depatent of Counication and Public Infoation
4, oute des moillons
CH-1211 Geneva 22
Switzeland
Telephone: +41 22 799 7912Fax: +41 22 799 8577
Eail: counication@ilo.og
www. ilo.og
978-92-2-118961-9
12/2007
Photos ILO . Design www.papia-annec.co
top related