the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

HYPOTHALAMUS

PITUITARYNuniala. Rojas. Aranjuez. Lara. Malimban. Villedo

10 - Einstein

HYPOTHALAMUS

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HYPOTHALAMUS

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HYPOTHALAMUS

PITUITARY GLAND

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PITUITARY GLAND

• Controls other endocrine glands

and body’s hormonal response to

environment

• Has 2 parts: anterior and posterior

PITUITARY GLAND

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PITUITARY GLAND

• Secrete human growth hormone (hGH),aka somatotropin, which stimulates tissues to secrete hormones that stimulate body growth and regulate metabolism.

PITUITARY GLAND• Secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and

luteinizing hormone (LH), which both act on the gonads. They stimulate the secretion of estrogenand progesterone, maturation of egg cells in the ovaries, and stimulate sperm production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.

PITUITARY GLAND

• Secrete prolactin (PRL), which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.

PITUITARY GLAND

• Secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (like cortisol). Also secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

PITUITARY GLAND

• Secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which controls secretions of the thyroid gland.

• Human-growth hormone (hGH)- Tissues- Stimulates tissue growth in the liver, muscles, bones, as

well as protein synthesis, tissue repair, and elevation of blood glucose levels.

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)- Thyroid gland- Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones.

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- Ovaries and testes (gonads)

- Stimulates development of oocytes (immature egg cells) and secretion of estrogen in females; stimulates sperm production in the testes in males.

• Luteinizing hormone (LH)- Ovaries and testes (gonads)

- Stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone, including during ovulation, in females; stimulates testes to produce testosterone in males.

• Prolactin (PRL)- Mammary glands- Stimulates milk production.

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- Adrenal cortex- Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol) by the

adrenal cortex during the body’s response to stress.

• Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

- Brain

- When in excess, can cause darkening of the skin; may influence brain activity (its exact role unknown—there is very little MSH in humans).

2. Posterior Lobe

(Neurohypophysis) •This lobe stores and releases only two hormones

Oxytocin (OT), aka the "love" drug• Secretes in response to uterine

distention and stimulation of the nipples.

• Stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the uterus during childbirth, as well as milk ejection in the mammary glands.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or

vasopressin• Secretes in response to dehydration, blood

loss, pain, stress; inhibitors of ADH secretion

include high blood volume and alcohol.

• Decreases urine volume to conserve water,

decreases water loss through sweating,

raises blood pressure by constricting

arterioles

Pituitary disorders

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Pituitary disorders

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