the human is ethical - mrs lord's class · 3/ we become fully human through freedom and...

THE HUMAN IS ETHICAL

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THE HUMAN IS ETHICALPAGE 20

Read and reflect on the following statement:

“The more one does what is good, the freer one becomes. There is no true freedom except in theservice of what is good and just.” (CCC, #1733)

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1. What does this mean?

2. Do you agree or not? Explain!

The Ethical ThinkersARISTOTLE, KANT & LEVINAS

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THE ETHICAL THEORY OF ARISTOTLE

- The pursuit of happiness not for the individual, but for society

- Happiness does not equate pleasure, one is momentary, the other enduring

- Ultimate happiness is the condition of the good person who lives well and acts well (good)

- Ethics is basically the discovery of what is good for humans

- Teleological ethics: discovering the finality of what we are intended to be (happy and free people)

- To act ethically, is to engage our capacity to reason as we develop good character. A good person is

one whose actions as a rule are based on excellent reasoning and who spends their time thinking

before they act......

- Aristotle also taught to avoid excess in life, to practice the “middle way” of moderation (sound

familiar? This is central to Buddhist beliefs! ) 5

THE ETHICAL THEORY OF KANT

- Theoretical reason vs practical reason

- Theoretical reason: how the laws of nature govern human behaviour

- Practical reason: moving beyond the scientific and empirical knowledge to the morals that guide us

daily An example of this is that in theory we know what alcohol does to the human body, therefore, it

is practical to know not to drink and drive....this concept of moral duty contributes to our sense

of moral duty to one another!

- Like Aristotle, Kant agreed that “the Good” is the aim of a moral life, however, Kant differed from

Aristotle in that he taught that the way to attain supreme good was through:

1: God 2: Freedom 3: immortality

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THE ETHICAL THEORY OF KANT

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Whereas Aristotle taught that happiness and good was a communal goal, Kant’s ethics are an

individual goal Kant believed that all humans should aspire to have a good will, the will to do our

duty for no other reason that it is our duty

Deontological ethics: a human action is morally good when it is done for the sake of duty to others –

we should act in a way that we would want others to act (lead by example)

“Duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the moral law” - KANT

THE ETHICAL THEORY OF LEVINAS

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- Levinas’ search for ethics went beyond the concept of a universal good for all human beings, but in

what is unique about each individual person

- He wanted to get away from what humans have in common and focus more on what makes us

unique and different - Levinas taught that the good (God) is infinite and always one step ahead of us

(traces of God)

- The good can always be found in the human face - The face of a stranger (the Other) is where we

find pain, hunger, and misery. Our response to that is ethics!

- According to Levinas, God speaks to us through the Other, our reaction to the face makes us

responsible (ethics)

- How far should our responsibility and generosity towards the Other go? Levinas taught that

goodness sets no limit!

THE ETHICAL THINKERS

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We can summarize all three ethical theorists with the following:

1/ The ethical is to search for the good

2/ The ethical is part of what it means to be human

3/ We become fully human through freedom and goodness

4/ The ethical means being responsible for our actions

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In two or three columns

Yellow

Is the color of gold, butter

and ripe lemons. In the

spectrum of visible light,

yellow is found between

green and orange.

Blue

Is the colour of the clear sky

and the deep sea. It is

located between violet and

green on the optical

spectrum.

Red

Is the color of blood, and

because of this it has

historically been associated

with sacrifice, danger and

courage.

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A picture is worth a thousand words

A complex idea can be conveyed

with just a single still image,

namely making it possible to

absorb large amounts of data

quickly.

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Want big impact?Use big image.

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Use charts to explain your ideas

GrayWhite Black

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And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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Maps

our office

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first

second

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Let’s review some concepts

YellowIs the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, yellow is found between green and orange.

BlueIs the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea. It is located between violet and green on the optical spectrum.

RedIs the color of blood, and because of this it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger and courage.

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YellowIs the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, yellow is found between green and orange.

BlueIs the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea. It is located between violet and green on the optical spectrum.

RedIs the color of blood, and because of this it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger and courage.

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