the holy roman empire and spanish empires

1520-1600

THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND SPANISH

EMPIRES

CHARLES V AND THE HAPSBURG EMPIRE

MAP OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

THE REIGN OF CHARLES V

Political ConnectionsTitle: King of Burgundy,

Castile, Aragon, Naples and Sicily, Austria, King of the Romans, and Holy Roman Empire

Grandparents: Isabella and Ferdinand

Aunt: Catherine of Aragon Cousin: Mary I of EnglandSon: Philip II (becomes

husband of Mary I, is the great nephew of Catherine of Aragon)

Wife: Isabella of Portugal

Charles V and Martin Luther Imperial Diet, 1530 Augsburg Confession Peace of Augsburg

DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

Charles V and the Netherlands Benefits to the HRE Protestantism in the Netherlands

Spain

France

Ottoman Empire

Overseas exploration

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Abdication in 1556

THE END OF CHARLES’ REIGN

PHILIP II AND THE RISE OF SPAIN

R. 1554-1598

INHERITING LANDS

Son of Charles V (HRE) and Isabella of Portugal (b. 1527)

Educated in Spain Marriages

1. Mary of Portugal (m.1543-1545) 2. Mary, Queen of England (m.1554-1558) 3. Elizabeth of Valois (m.1559-1568) 4. Anne of Hapsburg (m. 1568-1598)

FAMILY CONNECTIONS

Economic BoomMoves Capital to

MadridBuilds El EscorialComplex ritualsHapsburg-Valois

WarsFighting with the

Ottomans

THE RISE OF SPAIN UNDER PHILIP II

EL ESCORIAL

1. Economic Decline

2. Empire spread too thin

3. Piracy

THE DECLINE

4. The Spanish Armada, May – September 1588

Purpose Bring Catholicism back to England End Elizabeth I’s support of the

Netherlands Personal revenge

Pope joins the fight Two points of attack

150 ships meet outside Lisbon to conquer English navy (May, 1588)

Invade England through the English Channel (July 1588)

Problems arise Philip II is extremely sick Ottoman Turks threaten to invade

July 1588: Spanish Armada meets Elizabeth I’s Navy in the Channel

Decisive victory – Armada is defeatedSignals an end to Philip II’s Empire

Cannot ally with Ireland Lost 70 naval ships Military power now lies with England

5. Revolts in the NetherlandsDutch locals resented high taxes and the Inquisition William of Orange

Union of Utrecht, 1581

Help from abroad ItalyEngland

Peace declared, 1609

Effects on Spain