the globalization of the science enterprise international conference on women leaders in science,...

The Globalization of the Science Enterprise

International Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering

January 8, 2007

…and the Context in

which It Operates

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The enterprise of science is evolving

And so is the context in which it operates

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Some baseline contextual points

Science and technology are increasingly imbedded in every aspect of modern life

Everywhere in the world

There is general agreement throughout the world that science and technology have brought great benefits to humankind

And that the benefits, overall, have outweighed the costs/risks

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The context for science is being influenced by

Trends within science itself

Public attitudes

World events and government priorities/policies

Increasingly global character of science

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The context for science is being influenced by

Trends within science itself

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On the one hand

We’re living in the best of scientific times

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Advances in science are coming at a fantastic pace

The rate of incremental advance is accelerating

New technologies are enabling quantum jumps in understanding

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Latest revolutionizing technologies

Molecular biology

Computer and information technologies

Imaging technologies

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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L. Chang, M.D., T. Ernst, Ph.D., O. Speck, Ph.D.Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterGenerating words (left brain dominant)

LeftLeft

RightRight

DorsalDorsal

VentralVentralAnteriorAnterior

posteriorposteriorLL

RR

LL

RR

SMASMA

Broca’s areaBroca’s area

Broca’s areaBroca’s area

Parietal CortexParietal Cortex

Functional MRI of a “normal” subject writing a talk

Chang, et al.

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Descartes

Mind and Body are InseparableMind and Body are Inseparable

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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So, advances in science are coming at a fantastic pace

And that’s good

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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On the other hand….

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Other issues within science are not going so well…and negatively affect the broader (societal) context for science

Incidents of scientific misconduct

Human subjects concerns

Animal welfare issues

Conflict of interest problems

“Publishing by press release”

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The context for science is being influenced by

Trends within science itself

Public attitudes

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The science-society relationship is not totally smooth

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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People generally still respect science and technology….

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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US public’s view of scientific research

National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators - 2002

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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But they have little understanding of what is and is not science

60% of Americans believe in extrasensory perception

41% think astrology is somewhat scientific

47% still do not answer “true” to the statement: “Human beings developed from earlier species of animals”

Science and Engineering Indicators, 2004

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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There is increasing tension in the science-society relationship

A new dimension has been added to the public’s view of and behavior toward science and technology

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Historically, science and technology have been evaluated primarily on the basis of their costs/risks and benefits

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Now, values (and politics) are being overlaid onto “simple” risk/benefit calculations

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Scientific issues that abut against values

Embryonic stem cell research

Studying “personal” topics

Sex

“Intelligent Design” versus evolution in science classrooms and science museums

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Intelligent design claims to believe in gradual change

But a supernatural being guided the process

Claims to be a scientific, alternative theory to evolution

Advocates argue “teach both theories” in science classes

Is an evolved version of “creationism”

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Creationism/“Intelligent Design” vs science education are no longer just US problems

UK

Germany

Canada

Poland

Turkey

Brazil

Kenya

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Many neuroscience issues abut against human values

The nature of the mind

Mind-body-soul concepts

The ability for anyone to look into your brain and watch your mind in action

Darkest secret thoughts

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Overlay of values is having serious consequences for the whole science-society relationship

Society wants to influence science

Rather than just the reverse

Creating tension between science and the rest of society

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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We can’t just “educate” our way out of it

The problem is not just lack of understanding

People do understand much of what we’re saying or want to do

They don’t like it

The conflict with their core values trumps their view of societal benefits

Only scientists are bound to “stick to the science”

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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What can we do?

Continue protesting/lamenting the situation

Adopt a more assertive strategy

Engage with the public on the issues

Try to find common ground

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Communicating Communicating to the public with the public

We need to change not only the style and content but also the intent of the conversation:

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We need to hear from the public about:

Their concerns about science and technology and their concomitants

Risks and benefits

Encroachment on human values

Their priorities among research areas

Questions they would like or need us to answer

Help frame the research agenda

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Public Understanding +

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Public Education +

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The context for science is being influenced by

Trends within science itself

Public attitudes

World events and government priorities/policies

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Events of 9/11/2001 had a dramatic effect on the US and its international scientific relationships

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Impacts on science in and with the US

Visa issues – foreign students & visitors

Restrictive clauses in grants & contracts (export controls)

Laboratory security – “select agents”

Concerns about scientific publication

“Sensitive but unclassified” information

New US research priorities

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37Source: Council of Graduate Schools , 2006

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Post 9/11 Security Issues

New research priorities

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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New research priorities

Bioterrorism

Transportation security

Cybersecurity

Safety of the food supply

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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World events

Have made scientific travel much more difficult

Have altered science funding patterns and priorities

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Increasing recognition of importance of S&T to innovation and economic prosperity

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The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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…the committee is deeply concerned that the scientific and technical building blocks of our economic leadership are eroding at a time when many other nations are gathering strength….

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Recommendations

Improve k-12 science and math education

Strengthen US commitment to long-term basic research

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The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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American Competitiveness Initiative

Doubles funding over 10 years for physical sciences and engineering

Increased funding for teacher training and new curriculum materials

R&D tax credits for industry

Comprehensive immigration reform

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Many countries are recognizing the science-economy (jobs) imperative

US

Canada

China

India

European Union

UK

Israel

Japan

Australia

Belgium

Sweden

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The point:

Science is good for innovation;Innovation is good for the economy (and for other things too)

Invest in science!

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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The context for science is being influenced by

Trends within science itself

Public attitudes

World events and government priorities/policies

Increasingly global character of science

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The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Percent international submissions and acceptances at Science, 1992-2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1992 1999 2005

accepts submissions

i

52from AAU, 2006

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This all shows:

High quality science is going on all around the world

Some countries are investing very heavily

And it’s working

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The scientific enterprise is functioning in a more global way

International research teams

The Globalization of the Science EnterpriseInternational Conference on Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering January 8, 2007

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Percent of US articles with international collaborations1988 vs 2001

-- NSF, S&E Indicators, 2004.

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Globalization is also occurring in industrial R&D

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Message on globalization

Science and technology are now truly global and collaborative

If you want to be a full member of the scientific community, you need to participate in the global enterprise!

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Summary thoughts

The world is changing

The societal context for science is changing

The enterprise of science itself is changing

It is ever-more global

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