the global urban footprint · o 180.000 additional urban inhabitants per day. o currently 26 mega...

The Global Urban Footprint

A new worldwide human settlements layer

to assess anthropogenic disturbances

T. Esch, M. Marconcini, A. Felbier, W. Heldens, A. Roth, M. Wegmann

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Earth Observation Center (EOC)

German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD)

Land Surface (LAX)

Motivation

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o 180.000 additional urban inhabitants per day.

o Currently 26 mega cities, but more than 100 within the next 30 years.

o China: 30 new cities with >1 million inhabitants in next two decades.

o India: 26 new cities with >1 million inhabitants in next two decades.

Motivation

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1972

Manila, Philippines

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1988

Manila, Philippines

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2010

Manila, Philippines

Potere, D., Schneider, A., Angel, S. & Civco, D.L. (2009). Mapping urban areas on a global scale:

which of the eight maps now available is more accurate?. International Journal of Remote Sensing,

vol. 30, issue 24, pp. 6531-6558.

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Motivation GlobCover 2000

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Chart 8 JURSE 2013, 21-23 April 2013, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Chart 8 EORSA, 2012, June 8-11, Shanghai, China

Global Urban Footprint 2011 / 2012 / 2013

Esch, T., Taubenböck, H., Roth, A., Heldens, W., Felbier, A., Thiel, M., Schmidt, M., Müller, A., Dech, S. (2012): TanDEM-X mission - New perspectives for the inventory

and monitoring of global settlement patterns. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, vol. 6, issue 1, 061702 (October 04, 2012); 21 pp., doi: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.061702.

TanDEM-X Mission

- TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement.

- Two SAR satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X operating

in twin-constellation.

- Collection of two global data sets of VHR SAR images with a geometric

resolution of 3 m (stripmap mode) in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013.

- Primary mission goal is provision of global DEM with 12 m ground resolution

Global Urban Footprint

- Global Urban Footprint (GUF) layer

- World-wide inventory of human settlements using data of TanDEM-X mission.

- Analysis of first global VHR SAR data coverage collected in 2011/2012.

- Generation of settlement mask with spatial resolution of 0.4 arcsec (~12 m) for

scientific and commercial use; version with 2.8 arcsec (~60 m) grid spacing as

public domain data set under discussion.

- Release of Global Urban Footprint product planned for end of 2014.

- Baseline product for analysis of urban and rural settlement patterns and their

spatiotemporal development (i.a., GEO SB-04).

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- Novel technical framework orchestrating entire suite of processing and

analysis modules.

- Fully-automatic processing chain (C++) for effective processing of >180,000

complex SAR images composing one global coverage (~300 TB of input data).

- UFP can process ~1000-4000 images (SSC) per day (~2-8 TB).

- Methodology: Urban Footprint Processor (UFP)

Esch, T., Marconcini, M., Felbier, A., Roth, A., Heldens, W., Huber, M., Schwinger, M., Taubenböck, H., Müller, A. & S. Dech (2013): Urban

Footprint Processor – Fully Automated Processing Chain Generating Settlement Masks from Global Data of the TanDEM-X Mission. IEEE

Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 10, No. 6, November 2013. Pp. 1617-1621. ISSN 1545-598X, DOI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2272953.

Global Urban Footprint

TerraSAR-X intensity Derived texture image Generated urban footprint (12 m)

- Methodology: Urban Footprint Processor (UFP)

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Global Urban Footprint

Optical data view Derived texture image Global Urban Footprint (12 m)

- Methodology: Urban Footprint Processor (UFP)

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Global Urban Footprint

- Product: Global Urban Footprint layer (GUF)

TanDEM-X amplitude mosaic, Germany

(551 scenes)

Derived texture layer Global Urban Footprint

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Subset of Bavaria GUF mosaic, Germany (70 scenes)

Reference building mask

Overall accuracy: 94.7%

Kappa: 0.74

Global Urban Footprint

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- Product: Global Urban Footprint layer (GUF)

Mosaic of Japan (609 scenes) Derived texture Global Urban Footprint

Tokio

Nagoya

Toyama

Global Urban Footprint

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- Product: Global Urban Footprint layer (GUF)

Global Urban Footprint

Global Urban Footprint mask for identical region MODIS 500 product for Delhi area, India

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- Product: Global Urban Footprint layer (GUF)

Global Urban Footprint

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- Product: Global Urban Footprint layer (GUF)

Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Description of urbanization patterns

Global Urban Footprint, Germany Derived spatial network (5km distance) Settlement centrality analysis

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T. Esch, M. Marconcini, D. Marmanis, J. Zeidler, S. Elsayed, A. Metz, A. Müller, S. Dech (2014): Dimensioning Urbanization – An Advanced Procedure

for Characterizing Human Settlement Properties and Patterns Using Spatial Network analysis. Submitted to Journal of Applied Geography.

Spatial network (5 km search radius)

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Spatial network (5km distance)

Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Description of urbanization patterns

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Description of urbanization patterns

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

Quantitative characterization of urban sprawl in the Madrid region (Spain) by means of spatial network analysis

- Analysis of settlement evolution

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

Spatiotemporal mapping of mega cities development

Taubenböck, H., Esch, T., Felbier, A., Wiesner, M., Roth, A. & S. Dech (2012). Monitoring of mega cities from space. Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 117, pp. 162-176.

- Analysis of settlement evolution

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Analysis of settlement evolution

Spatiotemporal mapping of urban growth

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

Directional multiple ring buffer analysis of urban coverage in the vicinity of Chintamoni Kar Wildlife Sanctuary, India

Besser, Tim (2011) Sprawling crisis? - Urbanization from the perspective of protected areas near Kolkata, India. Master Thesis, University of Bayreuth.

- Detecting urban pressure on protected areas

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Analysis of animal movement ecology

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Study on the correlation between fruit bat movement (Eidolon helvum)

and settlement pattern in the region of Accra, Ghana.

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Assessing anthropogenic disturbances

- Improvement of land use / land cover data

Global MODIS standard LULC product (MCD12Q1) Enhanced DLR LULC map (MODIS, ASAR, TanDEM-X)

Gessner, U.; Hartmann, A., Huth, J., Machwitz, M., Naeimi, V., Esch, T., Dech, S., Kuenzer, C. (2014): Exploiting multi-sensoral earth observation time series for

regional land cover mapping. 5th Workshop of the EARSeL Special Interest Group on Land Use and Land Cover, 17-18 March 2014, Berlin, Germany.

Conclusions and Outlook

- GUF layer can significantly improve the description of settlements pattern

and population distribution.

- GUF data set and add-on analysis techniques facilitate the effective and

efficient spatiotemporal characterization of land consumption.

- GUF data and methods can help to advance the ecological understanding

of drivers affecting changes in biodiversity patterns.

- Global quality assessment and improvement of GUF technique and layer.

- Set-up of global human settlements inventory.

- Systematic involvement and support of user communities.

- Integration of additional parameters (urban morphology).

- Implementation of monitoring functionality (Sentinel program).

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Chart 28 EORSA, 2012, June 8-11, Shanghai, China