the final is one week from yesterday same format as prelims, but longer 7-9:30pm, wednesday night,...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
The final is one week from yesterday
• Same format as prelims, but longer
• 7-9:30pm, Wednesday night, in Baker Lab
• Bring #2 pencils, erasers, etc.
• Please consider donating your textbook
• Thanks for a great semester!
• Always feel free to email (or visit) me with any astronomy or planetary science questions
You should review:
• Lecture notes
• Textbook (assigned reading)
• Homework
• Prelims
• Practice prelims
Review sessions: Mon, Tues, 2-3:30, SSB 105
Yes, there is a lecture on Friday
• Prof. Squyres talking about life in the Universe
• Last chance to hand in Planet Walk extra credit assignment
• Also, it’s a scheduled day of class
Primordial Soup
• Julia Child video: http://www.slashfood.com/2009/11/05/julia-childs-primordial-soup/
Extremophiles
Yellowstone: Cyanidium lives in water with pH 2-3
Images from http://halo.umbi.umd.edu/~haloed/Ecology.htm, http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/204/bugs-from-hell, http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/acidic/
Salt crystal: Halobacteria in brine inclusions (red stuff is
bacteria!)S. African gold mine: Bacillus infernus lives
inside rocks 3km underground
Tardigrades!
Image from http://phe.rockefeller.edu/barcode/blog/2009/08/11/dna-for-tardigrades/
Part 1: General concepts about the Solar System
• Celestial Sphere
• Sidereal vs. synodic days
• Seasons
• Phases of the Moon
• Tides
• Kepler’s laws
• Spectra
• Eclipses
Part 2: The inner Solar System
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars
• Interiors (including seismology)
• Surfaces (impacts, volcanism, tectonics, erosion)
• Atmospheres (including compositions)
• Climate and climate change (Earth and Mars)
• The Greenhouse Effect
Part 3: Small bodies and the outer Solar System
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (sizes, similarities, differences, interiors, atmospheres)
• Asteroids, comets, meteorites
• Pluto and the trans-Neptunian region
• Jovian satellites (including the Galilean satellites)
• Ice giants vs. gas giants
• Impacts
• Rings
• Resonance and tidal heating
Part 4: Origins
• Solar system formation
• Planet formation
• The Sun
• Exoplanets
• Exobiology
• Life in the Universe
The Celestial Sphere
The Celestial Sphere
Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sidereal_Time_en.PNG
Sidereal vs. Synodic
Seasons
Image from http://visual.merriam-webster.com/earth/meteorology/seasons-year.php
Phases of the Moon
Tides II
Image from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/ocean_tides.html
Spectroscopy
Images from http://www.upei.ca/~physics/p261/projects/nuclear2/basicsci.html, http://astrophys-assist.com/educate/solarobs/ses01p11.htm
Energy level diagram Types of Spectra
Blackbody Radiation
Image from http://physics.schooltool.nl/irspectroscopy/method.php
Solar Eclipses
Image from http://www.space.com/spacewatch/050408_solar_eclipse.html
Lunar Eclipses
Image from http://www.space.com/spacewatch/041001_lunar_eclipse.html
Surface Processes
• Erosion
• Tectonics
• Volcanism
• Impacts
Images from http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2005/11/12/aerial-view-of-the-grand-canyon/, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=geologists-link-the-great, http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect18/Sect18_1.html, and http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/nikolas_c/tectonic_geoology.htm
Earth’s interior, cont.
P wave S wave
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
The Greenhouse Effect
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/Sect16_2.html
Earth’s atmosphereGas Name Chemical Formula Percent Volume
Nitrogen N2 78.08%
Oxygen O2 20.95%
*Water H2O 0 to 4%
Argon Ar 0.93%
*Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.0360%
Neon Ne 0.0018%
Helium He 0.0005%
*Methane CH4 0.00017%
Hydrogen H2 0.00005%
*Nitrous Oxide N2O 0.00003%
*Ozone O3 0.000004% * variable gases
From http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7a.html
Origin of the Moon
• Sisters?
• Fission?
• Capture?
• Giant impact
Mercury’s day and year
• 3 days every 2 years
• Animations….– Rotation and orbit: http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Orbit_Rotation/orbit_rotation_full.htm
– The Sun in the sky: http://www.messenger-education.org/Interactives/ANIMATIONS/Day_On_Mercury/
day_on_mercury_full.htm
Venus
Images from http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10124, http://atmos.nmsu.edu/~nchanove/A105S04/lecture_21.html,and http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/venus/venusglobe.jpg
Visible UV Radar
Plate tectonics
Image from http://www.umt.edu/geosciences/faculty/hendrix/g100/L17.html
Earth’s magnetic field and plate tectonics
Image modified from http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/alvarez_02
Radar imaging
Images from http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec13.html and http://ganymede.nmsu.edu/tharriso/ast110/class08.html
Dark is smooth Rough is bright
Terrestrial planet interiors
Image from http://www.nasaimages.org/luna/servlet/detail/nasaNAS~20~20~120294~226993:Terrestrial-Planet-Interiors
Gas giants and ice giants
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Semimajor axis (AU) 5.2 9.54 19.2 30.1
Temperature 125 K 95 K 60 K 60 K
Radius (REarth) 11 9.4 4.0 3.9
Density (g/cm3) 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.6
Spin Period (hrs) ~ 10 ~10 ~17 ~ 16
Atm. Comp. (%) H He methane
8613.61.8 x 10 -3
9468 x 10 -4
83152
85130.01 to 1?
Giant Planet Interiors
Image from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/01/q_a_inside_a_gas_giant.php
Giant Planet Atmospheres
Image from http://astronomyonline.org/SolarSystem/SaturnIntroduction.asp
Kuiper Belt vs. Oort Cloud
http://boojum.as.arizona.edu/~jill/NS102_2006/Lectures/Lecture6/kuiper3.jpg
Dwarf planets are small
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/images/five_dwarfs_earth_luna_big_jpg_image.html
The Galilean moons
From http://www.physast.uga.edu/~jss/1010/ch11/ovhd.html
Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
Image from http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ast110_06/gphah.html
Io’s tidal heating
Images from http://www.physast.uga.edu/~jss/1010/ch11/ovhd.html
Elliptical orbit caused by orbital resonance
Synchronous rotation
Solar System formation
• Cloud of interstellar gas/dust
• Protostar + disk
• Planetary embryos, planetesimals
• “Heavy Bombardment”/ “Late Heavy Bombardment”
• Planets, asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud
Image from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class43/slides-43.html
Hunting planets
• Radial velocity (Doppler shifts)
• Astrometry
• Transits
• Direct detection
The Sun
Images from http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/convective_envelope.html
top related