the era of progressivism the ashcan & the muckrake created by mr. johnson
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The Era of ProgressivismThe Era of Progressivism
The Ashcan & The
Muckrake
The Ashcan & The
MuckrakeCreated by Mr. Johnson
•7.01 – Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.
ObjectiveObjective
•Ashcan School•Muckraking•Ida Tarbell•Lincoln Steffens
•Upton Sinclair
Key Terms & PeopleKey Terms & People
•Jacob Riis•Frank Norris•Urban slums
•Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Wealth in the Gilded Age
Wealth in the Gilded Age
Mark Twain – The Gilded AgeMark Twain – The Gilded Age
Distribution of WealthDistribution of WealthTop 1% of Population• 25% of nation’s wealth
Top 10% of population• 70% of nation’s wealth
Growing middle class
Large numbers of poor farmers and city dwellers
Ric
hPoor
Distribution of WealthDistribution of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie Homeless Children
The Ashcan School of
Artists
The Ashcan School of
Artists
“The Apostles of Ugliness”
“The Apostles of Ugliness”The New York RealistsThe New York Realists
“Eviction”Everett Shinn, 1904
“Eviction”Everett Shinn, 1904
“Tugboat and Lighter”William Glackens, 1904 “Tugboat and Lighter”
William Glackens, 1904
“Paddy Flannigan” George Bellows, 1908
“Paddy Flannigan” George Bellows, 1908
“Dutch Joe” Robert Henri, 1910
“Dutch Joe” Robert Henri, 1910
“McSorley’s Bar”John Sloan, 1912“McSorley’s Bar”John Sloan, 1912
“Snow in New York”Robert Henri, 1901“Snow in New York”Robert Henri, 1901
“Fire on 24th Street”Everett Shinn, 1907“Fire on 24th Street”Everett Shinn, 1907
“A Stag at Sharkey’s Place”
George Bellows, 1917
“A Stag at Sharkey’s Place”
George Bellows, 1917
Progressivism: The
Social Gospel
Progressivism: The
Social Gospel
Muckrakers
Temperance
Suffragettes
Old
Populists
Midclass
Women
Labor
Unions
Civil
Rights?
Help the Poor? Help Yourself?Help the Poor? Help Yourself? Gospel of Wealth
Progressivism & Social Gospel
UnionismSocialismCommunismAnarchism
Ric
hPoor
The Muckrakers
The Muckrakers
What is a Muckraker?What is a Muckraker?
•Bunyan’s A Pilgrim’s Progress
•Digging up dirty secrets of government and business corruption… leads to reform
Jacob RiisUrban slums
Upton SinclairMeatpacking
Ida TarbellStandard Oil
John SpargoChild Labor
Who Were the Muckrakers?Who Were the Muckrakers? Frank Norris
Western farmers
Lincoln SteffensMunicipal corruption
Nellie BlyMental Health
McClure’s Magazine
Leading muckraker magazine
Muckraking & Yellow Journalism
Muckraking & Yellow Journalism
Trust-BustingTrust-
Busting
• “Wealth Against Commonwealth”
• Standard Oil Monopoly
Henry Demarest LloydHenry Demarest Lloyd
• A History of the Standard Oil Company (1904)
• Anti-trust lawsuit
• Break-up of Standard Oil in 1911
Ida TarbellIda Tarbell
Standard Oil & RockefellerStandard Oil & Rockefeller
Poverty of Farmers & Immigrants
Poverty of Farmers & Immigrants
• Epic of Wheat trilogy– Conflict between
farmers and railroad companies
Frank NorrisFrank Norris
Epic of WheatEpic of Wheat
• How the Other Half Lives (1889)
• Urban slums– Poverty– Overcrowding– Working
conditions– Sanitation– Crime
Jacob RiisJacob Riis
How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives
How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives
How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives
How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives
• Settlement houses• Hull House,
Chicago
Jane AddamsJane Addams
Settlement HousesSettlement Houses
Working ConditionsWorking
Conditions
John SpargoJohn Spargo
Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley
• Sweatshops
• The Jungle (1906)
• Meatpacking industry– Sanitation– Working conditions
Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair
The Jungle (1906)The Jungle (1906)
The Jungle (1906)The Jungle (1906)
Meatpacking ScandalMeatpacking Scandal
• Labeling & inspection of food & drugs
• Eventual creation of the FDA
• Sinclair– “I aimed at the
public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”
• WRAL Restaurant Inspections
Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)
• Garment Factory• New York City• Young women
workers• Locked doors• 145 dead
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
• State labor departments
• Workers compensation
• Minimum wage laws
• Max occupancy• Fire escapes
ReformsReforms
Municipal CorruptionMunicipal Corruption
• “Honest Graft”• Defense of
Political Machines
George Washington PlunkittGeorge Washington Plunkitt
• Cartoonist• Attacked
Tammany Hall
Thomas NastThomas Nast
• The Shame of the Cities (1904)– Political machines– Graft & electoral
fraud
Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens
Political MachinesPolitical Machines
Mental HealthMental Health
• Ten Days in a Mad-House– Physical &
verbal abuse– Rat–infested
kitchens– Patients who
were not mentally ill
Nellie BlyNellie Bly
“What, excepting torture, would produce insanity quicker than this treatment? Here is a class of women sent to be cured. I would like the expert physicians who are condemning me for my action, which has proven their ability, to take a perfectly sane and healthy woman, shut her up and make her sit from 6 a.m. until 8 p.m. on straight-back benches, do not allow her to talk or move during these hours, give her no reading and let her know nothing of the world or its doings, give her bad food and harsh treatment, and see how long it will take to make her insane. Two months would make her a mental and physical wreck.”
Ten Days in a Mad-HouseTen Days in a Mad-House
T.R.: Reluctant Reformer
T.R.: Reluctant Reformer
“There is filth on the floor and it must be scraped up with the muck-rake; and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed. But the man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes, save of his feats with the muck-rake, speedily becomes, not a help to society, not an incitement to good, but one of the most potent forces for evil.”
T.R. on MuckrakersT.R. on Muckrakers
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