the election of 1932 angela brown chapter 22 section 5
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The Election of 1932 Angela Brown
Chapter 22 Section 5
Hoover blamed depression on “world-wide economic conditions beyond our control” – not U.S. economy
• Hoover’s Limited Strategy• Leaders tried to maintain public
confidence in the economy.
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/h-hoover.jpg
Voluntary Action Fails
• Hoover believed voluntary controls by U.S. business the best way to end economic crisis.
• Got companies to promise to maintain wage rates. (by end of 1931 had to cut wages)
• People began to blame Hoover and Republicans.
The Government Acts
• To create jobs the government spent more on new public buildings (roads, parks, dams)
• Boulder Dam later Hoover Dam began in 1930
• President Emergency Committee on Employment advised local relief programs
• Hawley-Smoot tariff of 1930 – highest import tax in history (to protect domestic industry from foreign imports)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sunsetcities.com/hoover-dam/hooverdam/03280008-1999azside.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sunsetcities.com/hoover-dam.html&h=169&w=200&sz=12&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=nKhbd3EL1mdjsM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhoover%2Bdam%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN
• European countries raised tariffs – slowed down international trade
• Hoover suspended allies’ payments of war debts- Europe’s economies still grew weaker
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) – gave government credit to banks to extend loans (prosperity at top would help the economy as a whole)
• Hoover wanted state and local government to handle relief but their programs did not have enough money.
• Hoover believed in hard-work, self-reliance, balanced budget.
• Public works projects and direct aid were out of the question to Hoover.
Hoover’s Unpopularity Grows
• Hoover’s WWI relief work had made him the “Great Humanitarian”.
• His attitude toward the Depression made him seem cold and hard-hearted.
• Believed direct aid would destroy self-respect and create a large bureaucracy.
• Newspaper showed him feeding his dog on the White House lawn while people went hungry.
• Finally in 1932 Hoover let the RFC lend money to states for unemployment relief. – too little to late – private charities and local officials could not meet needs.
• Some economist believed theory of John Maynard Keynes, a British economist.
• Massive government spending could help a collapsing economy.
http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1965/1101651231_400.jpg
Veterans March on Washington
• Bonus Army – 20,000 Jobless WWI veterans encamped in Washington D.C.
• Wanted immediate payment of a pension bonus promised for 1945
• House agreed – Senate said no• Most went home – a few stayed – • Mostly peaceful but a few violent
incidents promoted Hoover to call in Army.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/at0058f2bs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm203.html&h=516&w=640&sz=111&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=kwbhnH0Vh2mL5M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBonus%2BArmy%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/at0058f2as.jpg
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur decided to use force to drive the marchers out.
• Marchers armed with stones, bricks• Army used guns, tanks, tear gas• Many injured.• Hoover was horrified but took
responsibility (images on ugly scene would help defeat him)
http://spartans.sstx.org/~wgoodman/grtdepbonusarmy.jpg
A “New Deal” for America
• “FDR” nicknamed by press – grad Harvard – lawyer – NY State Senate, Assist. Secretary of Navy
• 1920 ran for Vice-President – lost• Summer – Polio – never walked without
help again• Eleanor – TR’s niece – distant cousin of
FDR
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/fdr.jpg
http://www.usconstitution.com/eleanor-2520roosevelt.jpg
• 1920s she worked for public housing legislation, state government reform, birth control, better conditions for working women.
• FDR Governor of NY (1929-1932) – he represented a spirit of optimism that the country needed ( broad, genile smile)
• FDR was ready to experiment with governmental roles.
1st Period Here
• Wealthy but had a genuine compassion for ordinary people – due to disability
• Moved by great gap between wealthy and poor
• As governor – set up unemployment commission, relief administration, first state agencies to aid poor during Depression – promised a “New Deal”
Turning Point: The Election of 1932
• It was a historic battle between those who believed the Federal Government could not and should not try to fix people’s problems, and those who felt that large-scale problems such as the Depression required the governments help.
• Any democrat could have beat Hoover in 1932 – even long term republicans deserted him
• He became grim, gave few speeches. (see timeline page 653)
• FDR won by 7 million popular votes. (urban workers, coal miners, immigrants of Catholic and Jewish descent – supported)
• Many voted against republicans more than for FDR.
• Many had to give up traditional beliefs and accept government help to survive – under FDR’s many new programs
• “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” FDR
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Roosevelt_inauguration_1932.jpg
http://workernews.org/billyorton/th_fdr_inaugural.jpg
Role of Image in Presidential Campaign
• In what ways is image unavoidable?• In what ways can image mask the truth?• Did Hoover’s image mask his real strengths?• What was FDR’s image? • Would a candidate with a disability be
elected today?• What about his image appealed to many
Americans?• What are the images of McCain? Obama?
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