the economic case for trees tim sunderland - natural england - july 2015
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The economic case for trees
Local Government Association – Harrogate, 1st July 2015Tim Sunderland, Principal Specialist in Economics, Natural England
The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago.The Second best time is today.Chinese Proverb
Image from http://pixabay.com/en/park-london-england-nature-uk-737228/
Accountancy icon from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Accountancy_template.svg?uselang=en-gbEconomics icon from: http://pixabay.com/en/justice-scales-orange-libra-311699/
Accountancy Economics
vsCosts
Benefits
Is about ‘counting money’
Is about ‘value for money’
Benefits provided by trees Air-Quality
Carbon Sequestration
Local climate moderation
Stopping Erosion
Reducing Flooding
Filtering Water Pollution Noise
AbatementSoil Quality
Beauty
http://pixabay.com/en/oak-tree-branches-tall-nature-303884/
Wildlife Habitat
Trees provide a range of benefits not featured in the accounts
Valuing Benefits
Ideally you want to prove, then quantify, then value benefits. Often we ‘get stuck’ at prove or quantify
Trees and their benefits for Flood Risk Mitigation
Soil permeability
5 – 8 times
In broadleaf woodland than grassland (3)
Urban Forests
Peak run off (5)
1 Street Tree
50 – 62%
In storm water run off over 9m area (6)
4 Sites 40 Hectares of trees
1 hour in major flood (4)
40%in field scale flood peaks (2)
A shelter belt can lead to a
Moorland Catchments
than forested ones (1)
http://pixabay.com/en/flooded-disaster-flooding-flood-491245/
Trees and their benefits for Pollution mitigation
Particulate Matter Accumulation
10 – 20 fold
Between species: Mountain Pine, Silver Birch, Stephanandra, Skimmia, Grey Willow and Scots Pine the best (9)
711,000 tonnes
of pollution in US urban areas each year (7)
Modelling estimates
Urban Forests
Ozone Pollution
(10)
547 Ha mixed GreenspaceReduces pollution and
2 Deaths &2 Hospital Admissions
each year (8) Picture from http://pixabay.com/en/london-car-taxi-city-uk-england-676785/
Trees and their benefits for Climate Change mitigation
Above ground storage of C in Leicester
231,521 t 97% in
1 LargeTree
450 litres of H20 and
each day and reduces urban temperatures (11)
1,000 megajoules
Tree Shelterbelt
Office heating energy by
3.64 kw per sqmOr 18.1% of total (13)
New Forest
5 degrees celsius
River Shading by trees
water temperatures
lower than rivers in open grassland (15)
Urban Parks are
1%than built up Areas(12)
Image from http://tools.decc.gov.uk/nationalheatmap/
Trees and their benefits for Noise mitigation
1 Tree Belt
3.6 m wide 4.0m high
sound levels by
4 decibels (16)
Picture from http://pixabay.com/en/los-angeles-la-usa-america-city-498285/
Trees and their socio-economic benefits
Business districts with trees
Shoppers will be
Travel Further Stay Longer Visit more frequently Pay more (17)
Live near Greenery
CRIM
E (1
9)TREES
Picture from http://pixabay.com/en/building-architecture-majorca-spain-500337/
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/8476747/The-13-year-old-who-has-the-world-planting-trees.html
Felix FinkbeinerAt 9 Felix started a foundation which has planted a million trees in Germany. It started as a homework project!
Torbay’s urban forest
• 818,000 trees• 11% forest cover• Most common trees are;
Leyland Cypress, Ash and Sycamore
• Most important by leaf area are; Ash, Sycamore, Beech and Hazel
• 71% of trees were in private ownership – but these are smaller ones
Picture from: http://pixabay.com/en/boats-marina-quayside-harbourside-445080/
Benefits provided by trees Air-Quality
Carbon Sequestration
Local climate moderation
Stopping Erosion
Reducing Flooding
Filtering Water Pollution Noise
AbatementSoil Quality
Beauty
http://pixabay.com/en/oak-tree-branches-tall-nature-303884/
Wildlife Habitat
Our analysis could only include the circled benefits
Snapshot Results
The proportion of the trees’ cost justified by carbon and air-quality benefits
37% 1% 46% 209%
Results: air pollution removal
Air pollution per tree increased with age due to tree growth
Results: annual carbon sequestration
Carbon Sequestration also increased with age due to tree growth
Proportion of costs justified by air-quality and carbon sequestration benefits alone
37% 1% 46% 209%76% 1% 79% 479%
3.5%2.1%
At Discount Rate of:
Wangari Maatthai – “ I started planting trees and found myself and the forefront of fighting for the restoration of democracy in my country”
Picture from http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/wangari-maathai/biography
A society prospers when old men plant trees in whose shade they know they will never sit Greek Proverb
Image from http://pixabay.com/en/tree-oak-landscape-view-field-402953/
Contact Details and References
Contact Details•Tim Sunderland, Principal Specialist in Economics, Natural England•E-mail: tim.sunderland@naturalengland.org.uk
References •MEBIE review for all references except Torbay: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6692039286587392•Torbay study http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071375.2012.701416
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