the early colonies
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Magna Carta – (1215) proclaims basic rights and guarantees specific liberties to the English people
Creates a foundation for American democracy 1607 – Jamestown is founded in Virginia
105 settlers to start, end up with 32January 1608 110 more setters arrive
1619- 20 Africans are brought to Jamestown on a Dutch ship, the beginning of slavery in the American Colonies
The Early Colonies
1620 – Mayflower lands at Cape Cod, MassachusettsThe 41 men sign the Mayflower Compact establishing
a form of local government. Colonists agree to live by majority rule and cooperate for
the good of the colony.Sets the precedent for future colonies
1624 – Dutch colonists arrive in New York (trading post established there in 1613)
1624 – Virginia is officially declared a Royal colonyKing Charles I of England dissolves parliament and
rules as an absolute monarch pushing many to leave for the colonies
The Early Colonies
1630 - John Winthrop leads Puritan migration (900 people) to Massachusetts Bay, Boston is established
1634 – First settlement in Maryland, 200 people most of them Catholic
1636 – Providence, Rhode Island is founded and becomes a safe haven for colonists fleeing religious intolerance
1652 – Rhode Island becomes the first colony to declare slavery illegal
1663 - King Charles II establishes Carolina (will officially split into North and South in 1712)
The Early Colonies
1681 – Pennsylvania is founded by Quaker William Penn
1682 & 1685 – colonists begin coming from Germany and France
1686 – King James II begins combining the New England colonies into one area totally controlled by the King’s representatives
1696 – New England colonists begin trading slaves for profit.
The Early Colonies
1700 – The population of the colonies reaches 275,0001705 – Virginia slaves are given the status of real
estate , a law in New York assigns the death penalty to runaway slaves found more than 40 miles N. of Albany, in Massachusetts marriage between whites and African Americans is declared illegal
1714 – tea is introduced into the American colonies 1725 – population of black slaves reaches 75,0001754 to 1763 –French and Indian War
Under the Treaty of Paris, France gives all territory east of the Mississippi to England (except New Orleans) The Spanish also give up east and west Florida in return for Cuba.
British Rule
Hobbes created the idea of a social contract and believed that it could not be taken away.
Government cannot be overthrown
Social Contract – an agreement by the people in a society to give up some of their rights in return for protection from a government
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Locke agreed with the idea of a social contract but added his own beliefs to it:
The contract could be taken away. Government can be overthrown
A government depends on the consent of the people, if that consent is withdrawn then there is no social contract.
Locke also believed that government should not promote or restrict specific religions
Natural Rights – Life, Liberty, Property
John Locke (1632-1704)
The ideas of Locke and Hobbes influenced American Government in many ways:Social contract
Natural Rights
Government can be overthrown (if it is not representing the people)
Locke and Hobbes in the Colonies
Sugar Act 1764Tax on foreign refined sugar Increased taxes on foreign coffee, indigo, and
specific wines. Also banned importation of rum and French wines
Affected only a certain part of the population but they were very vocal about it. This is the first time the colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed
Events leading to Revolution
Stamp Act 1765Every newspaper, pamphlet and other public
and legal documents had to have a stamp (British seal)
Now they colonists had to pay for this stamp The Crown repealed the Act in 1766 but also
declared that Great Britain was superior to the Colonies in “all cases whatsoever”
The Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty were formed in response to this act
“no taxation without representation”
Events Leading to Revolution
Townshend Acts 1767Placed new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea
All were repealed except the tax on tea
Boston Massacre March 5, 1770Five American colonists by British troopsOne man, Crispus Attacks, was killedNo one really knows what happened.
Did the colonists have weapons? Why did the British Open Fire?
American and British relations worsened because of this
Events Leading to Revolution
Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773The Sons of Liberty, angry about another tax on
tea, boarded 3 British ships in in Boston harborThey dumped 342 crates of British tea into the
harbor Similar actions were taken by colonists in New
York, Maryland, and New Jersey with in the next few months
Tea would eventually be boycotted throughout the colonies
Events Leading to Revolution
52 delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia in September 1774
Delegate – a representativeThe meeting was spurred on by the passage of the
Intolerable ActsA series of laws enacted as a response to the Boston Tea Party
They met in secret so that the British wouldn’t know why they were meeting
They talked about a boycott of British trade, publishing a list of rights and grievances, and petitioning the King for a remedy for those grievances
First Continental Congress
Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775“The Shot Heard Round The World”First shots fired between American and British
troops, but no one knows who shot firstBritish were marching on the American arms
depot in ConcordAt Lexington the Americans were forced to
withdraw but slowed the British down At Concord the Americans were waiting when
the British arrived and were quickly forced to retreat
The American Revolution
Second Continental Congress May 1775Organized the war on the American’s sideCreated the Continental Army and named
Washington as commander-in-chiefBattle of Bunker Hill June 1775Thomas Paine’s Common Sense January 15, 1776British are forced to evacuate Boston March 1776Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776British win battle of Brooklyn and occupy New
York City August-September 1776Washington crosses the Delaware December 1776
The American Revolution
The Marquis de Lafayette arrives in Philadelphia July 1777
Washington’s Troops spend the winter at Valley Forge, PA December 1777 (were camped there till June 1778)
Official French Alliance February 1778Articles of Confederation adopted March 1781British Commander Cornwallis is surrounded by
American and French troops and surrenders at Yorktown October 19, 1781
Treaty of Paris is signed September 3, 1783Britain recognizes the independent United States of
America and removes all troops from the new nation
The American Revolution
Declaration of IndependenceProduct of the year
long Second Continental Congress
Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson
Adopted July 4th Finial signature Aug 2nd
Declaration had 4 parts1. Preamble
Introduction, why is it being written?
2. Declaration of Rights3. Grievances
Explains the “unfair actions,” and the actions that can be taken to settle differences
4. Conclusion Declaring
Independence
Creating the Constitution
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