the earliest americans chapter 3. what happened before oklahoma’s history was first recorded? ...
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What happened before Oklahoma’s history was first recorded?
First prehistoric people (those who lived before recorded history) reached the Americas millions of years after the dinosaurs became extinct
First people in America here some 12,000 to 25,000 years ago
Different theoriesDino tra
cks near B
lack Mesa
!!
What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
archaeologist: scientist who study ancient cultures by examining artifacts (remains) left behind
midden: ancient garbage dump useful for studying ancient cultures
The modern day midden …. How will scientists 1000 years from now be able to tell how we lived by the things we threw away?
The same way current scientists discover things about earlier peoples.
Artifacts include people-used items such as – pottery, tools, bone, jewelry, & paintings
Petroglyphs: pictures or symbols conveying an idea
Artifacts found on the surface of the ground or near a waterway
How do they do it?Archaeologists: “dig”, study and document - any fragment of an artifact discovered
“Put the puzzle together”
Searching for clues….
Fossils: traces or remains of living things – animals, birds, & people
Most common fossils: teeth, bones, or shells
Carbon dating: isotope carbon 14 – analyzed to obtain age estimates on organic matter
Paleo Indians (really old) 1961: scientists discover evidence of Paleo
Indian hunters in Oklahoma (Domebo Kill Site)
1961: Columbian mammoth: bones found at the Cooperton site in Kiowa County
Speculation on human involvement
Folsom People Sites: Cooper
Bonebed & the Waugh site as evidenced by various spear points and a painted bison skull
Dalton people: lived some 9,000-10,000 years ago
Skilled in clothing, containers, tools, & covers for shelters
Clovis People Named after the New Mexico site of first
artifacts Known for their spears (spear point usually 3-
4 inches long) Important Clovis site near Stecker in Caddo
County First hunted mammoths & then switched to
bison
Archaic Culture Foragers
Hunters and harvesters Made flour & stored it in baskets Pieces of bone & antler: became spear points,
needles, awls, punches, and atlatl hooks Ate a variety of wild animals Knew how to start a fire with a wood drill
What do these skills tell us about their lifestyle?
Woodland Culture About 2,000 years ago, Woodland culture emerged Planted, cultivated, & harvested First farms: in the Grand River area, the Ouachita
Mts, the Cimarron River area, and along the Canadian & Washita Rivers
Bow and arrow came in about this time and made hunting easier
Why along the rivers?
Plains Village Farmers Lived in Oklahoma from about 1,200 to 500
years ago Grew corn, beans, squash, gourds,
sunflowers, & tobacco Hunted bison & deer Also ate hickory nuts, walnuts, hackberry
seed, wild cherries, plums, persimmons & others
The Moundbuilders Built the Spiro Mounds American equivalent
of King Tut’s Tomb.Grossly pillaged and looted.
Various historical backgrounds Lived in small farming villages Fine craftsmen: worked with stone, shell, &
copper
Early Plains Indians Nomads Hunted buffalo, deer, antelope, rabbit, or
whatever available Foraged for wild plant foods Lived in grass houses covered with buffalo
hide May be ancestors of Wichitas
Chapter 3:Chapter 3:Early Cultures in Our LandEarly Cultures in Our Land
Section 2: Section 2:
Historic Indian CulturesHistoric Indian Cultures
Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian Historic Indian CulturesCultures
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What elements of culture were exhibited
by the Indians during first contact with Europeans?
Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian CulturesHistoric Indian Cultures
1. First Encounters
2. Indian Culture
- The Family
- Food
- Plants
First EncountersFirst Encounters
1540: Coronado’s expedition first recorded contact between Indians & the Spanish
1542: Spanish monks at Kaw 1601: Juan de Oñate – explored
western Oklahoma Mid-1700s: French hunters
Indian CultureIndian Culture
Indians: believed in afterlife Cowards & thieves punished Life sacred to the Plains tribes Believed in Mother Earth Believed all things tied together Honesty expected
Indian CultureIndian Culture
The Family Marriages permitted between related
tribes & could have more than one wife Men: warriors & hunters Women: kept the home & family
Indian CultureIndian Culture
Food Women: prepared the food Meats: eaten raw, roasted, boiled, or
dried Wild animals were food source Other foods were wild honey & other
natural foods
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