the deportation in scythes' militant was sentenced sept. 17 in the miami, fla., fed eral...

W illia m W o rth y , fo re ign co r­respondent fo r the B a ltim o reA fro -A m e ric a n , was sentencedSept. 17 in the M ia m i, Fla., fed ­e ra l d is tr ic t co u rt to three m onths in prison and n ine ad d itiona lm onths on proba tion . A t the tr ia l last m onth W o rth y was convicted o f reen te ring the U.S., his na tive land, fro m Cuba w ith o u t a pass­po rt. F o r v is it in g C h ina as a jo u r ­na lis t in defiance o f the State De­pa rtm e n t trave l ban, W o rth y ’s passport was revoked in 1956.

W o rth y posted a $1,000 appeal bond w ith the F lo rid a cou rt and the W orkers Defense League an­nounced th a t it w i l l c a rry an ap­peal up to the Suprem e C ourt, i f necessary, on grounds th a t “ c it ­izens have the r ig h t to tra ve l at th e ir ow n ris k w ith o u t gove rn ­m ent p ro h ib it io n .”

A t a sp irited op en -a ir r a l ly in New Y o rk C ity ’s H a rlem the Sat­u rd ay before W o rth y ’s sentencing, a crow d o f some 750 heard 20 leaders o f the Negro com m u n ity speak in his defense. These in ­c luded P au l Zuber, a tto rn ey fo r the Englewood, N.J., m ovem ent; James F arm er, na tiona l d irec to r o f CORE; Percy Sutton , president o f the N.Y. N A A C P branch ; A lla n M orrison , N .Y. e d ito r o f Jet and Ebony; A le x Prem peh o f the B lack N a tiona lis ts ; D an ie l W atts, c h a ir ­man o f the L ib e ra tio n C om m ittee fo r A fr ic a ; and R icha rd P arrish ,

[The following article was w r it ­ten by a young civil-rights activist who was in Albany, Ga., this sum­mer.]

The w h ir r in g fan c u t th rough the th ic k , ho t G eorgia a ir and as it spun, its sharp blades cut deeply in to the sound o f the South. The o ld Negro S p ir itu a ls com bined w ith the m odern quest fo r F ree­dom to produce one sound: the sound o f struggle.

O utside the church were hu n ­dreds o f m il l in g you th w ho could not squeeze in to the crow ded m eeting. They stood in groups, leaned on cars, fo rm ed sm all audiences around the open chu rch - vvindows, try in g to hear the speak­ers, sang freedom songs and ta lked —- about school, cars, g irls , friends, bu t m a in ly , m a in ly about the A l­bany M ovem ent.

They say in Albany, Georgia No neutrals have we met.You either are a Freedom Fighter O r a Tom for Chief Pritchett.Which side are you on?Which side are you on?

P ritc h e tt is A lb a n y ’s po lice ch ief.Inside the chu rch several hun­

treasu re r o f the Negro Am erican Labo r C ouncil. P a rrish served as cha irm an o f the ra lly . Supporters inc luded B lack M us lim leader M a lco lm X , A M E B ishop D. W ard N ichols, Rev. M ilto n G alam ison, Ossie D avis and R uby Dee.

A t one p o in t in the m eeting, when donations fo r the defense were be ing given, po lice stopped the collectors. W o rth y took the m icrophone and said: “ You w ant to kno w where the enem y is? There i t is in u n ifo rm . The F B I has tr ie d to stop th is ra lly . Uncle Toms have tr ie d to stop it. B u t the po lice can’t push us around up here lik e they do in A lb an y , G a." The co llec tion con tinued and the police retreated.

In his speech, W o rth y drew cheers w hen he declared the re v ­o lu tio n had w iped ou t ra c ia l d is ­c r im in a tio n in Cuba and pointed across the street to the H o te l Theresa w here F ide l Castro had stayed in 1960. He said he was be ing persecuted because he to ld the t ru th about Cuba. He said th is was the tim e fo r m ilita n c y and u n ity am ong b lack people and th a t he w ou ld f ig h t his case fro m coast to coast.

The C om m ittee fo r the Freedom o f W ill ia m W orthy , w h ich is in need o f funds, m ay be reached at Su ite 301, 217 W. 125 St.. New Y o rk C ity .

dred people stand o r s it side by side. Hands clap in rh y th m ic p a t­terns as paper fans f lu t te r in a fu t i le a ttem p t to cool the p e rs p ir­ing singers. The people o f A lb an y are the most s ig n ifica n t, m ost in ­sp iring , m ost im pressive th in g about the M ovem ent. In the au­dience s it m others w ho have le ft th e ir fam ilies to m arch to ja i l so th a t th e ir ch ild re n , born enslaved, w ou ld be free; and men w ho have lost th e ir jobs because o f a c tiv ity in the M ovem ent.

T y p ic a l o f th e ir fee lin g is the s to ry o f a preacher in Lee County, w here the Shady G rove B ap tis t C hurch was burned, w ho received a phone ca ll tha t he had three weeks to live . H is re p ly was tha t he w o u ld liv e those three weeks in freedom . The people, of A lbany , of Georgia, w i l l no t be frigh tened any m ore. A t a mass m eeting, on the street, on a m arch, th e ir faces re fle c t hope, de te rm in a tion and defiance. They w i l l not be tu rned around!

A in ’t going to let Chief Pritchett Turn me round, turn me round,

turn me round.(Continued on Page 2)

Victory Won In Scythes' Deportation

A resounding v ic to ry fo r p o lit ­ica l freedom and c iv i l lib e rtie s was won in the U.S. C o u rt o f A p ­peals in Chicago on Sept. 13.

A n o rder o f the federa l Im m i­g ra tion and N a tu ra liza tio n Service fo r the deporta tion o f George A. Scythes o f West A llis , W is., was th a t day ove rru led .

The w itc h hunters had ordered Scythes deported to Canada on charges tha t he held m em bersh ip in the Socia list W orkers P a rty fro m 1938 to 1955 and had served on educa tional com m ittees and as treasu re r in the N e w ark and M ilw au kee SW P branches.

In line w ith the d r iv e to c u r ta il p o lit ic a l freedom in th is coun try , the fram ed -up charge th a t the SW P is a “ subvers ive” p a rty served as the basis fo r a f in a l de­p o rta tion o rder against Scythes in June 1960.

Order ReversedIn revers ing th is order, the U.S.

C ourt o f Appeals declared:“ A cco rd in g ly we f in d no sub­

s ta n tia l evidence in the record tha t the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty advocates o r teaches by its ‘D ec la ra tion o f P rinc ip les and Con­s titu t io n ’ the v io le n t o r fo rce fu l o ve rth ro w o f the G overnm en t o f the U n ited States w ith in the m ean­ing o f the test la id dow n by Scales and Noto. F u rthe rm ore , there is no substantia l evidence show ing tha t the re is a p a rty line w ith in the organ iza tion w h ich advocates o r teaches such o ve rth ro w .”

T he w itc h -h u n tin g prosecutors had cited num erous passages w h ich they v a in ly tr ie d to to rtu re in to advocacy of fo rce and v io ­lence.

Valuable PrecedentScythes was born in Canada and

came to the U.S. in 1933. He has been fig h tin g the e ffo rts to deport h im since 1958.

The v ic to ry in th is case, ho w ­ever, goes fa r beyond saving h im fro m a te rr ib le and heartless in ­jus tice . I t is a v in d ica tio n o f the p o lit ic a l r ig h ts o f the Socia list W orkers P a rty and an im p o rta n t ga in fo r the cause o f a ll p o lit ic a l freedom and c iv i l lib e rtie s in the U.S. I t should establish im p o rta n t legal precedents o f g reat va lue in the f ig h t against the S m ith and M cC arran Acts and o ther deporta ­tions fo r h o ld ing social be lie fs.

SWP Nominees File Petitions In N.Y. Elections

NEW Y O R K , Sept. 21 — W in d ­ing up a s ix -w eek pe tition d rive , the New Y o rk local o f the Socia lis t W orkers P a rty today file d 22,000 s ignatures w ith the Secretary of S tate in A lbany , N.Y.. to pu t its candidates on the ba llo t in N o­vem ber’s gube rna to ria l elections.

New Y o rk State requ ires 12,000 s ignatures o f reg istered voters fro m independent candidates seek­ing state posts. A m in im u m o f 50 signatures m ust be obta ined in each o f the sta te ’s 61 counties. The SWP exceeded the m in im um requ irem en ts by 10,000 signatures.

The slate o f socia lis t candidates includes R ichard Garza fo r G ov­ernor, S y lv ia W einste in fo r L ie u ­tenant G overnor, C a rl Fe ingold fo r U n ited States S enator, Le roy McRae fo r A tto rn e y G eneral and A lle n T a p lin fo r C o m ptro lle r.

A l l the candidates w i l l speak at a k ic k -o ff e lection ra lly S atu rday n igh t, Sept. 22, at 116 U n iv e rs ity Place. Defense o f the Cuban R evo lu tion against the hyste rica l and slanderous cam paign w h ipped up against i t by P resident K e n ­nedy, Congress and the d a ily press w i l l be one o f the cam paign issues h igh lig h ted at the m eeting.

The possible fo rm a tio n o f a Caribbean d iv is io n w ith in the O r­ganization o f A m erican States is be ing discussed in W ashington. T h is d iv is io n w ou ld inc lude the C en tra l A m erican regimes and the B e tancourt governm ent o f Vene­zuela. W ashington hopes tha t in such a group, a vote g ra n tin g the cover o f “ m u lt i- la te ra l ac tion ” to a U.S. invasion w o u ld be ob ta in ­able.

The governm ents o f B r ita in , W est G erm any and N o rw ay are now under d ip lo m a tic pressure fro m the U.S. to p reven t ships reg is t­ered in th e ir countries fro m being used in com m erce between S ov ie t- b lock nations and Cuba. In add i­tion , B r it is h tankers on lo n g -te rm cha rte r to the Soviet U nion, c a r­ry in g crude o il fro m B la ck Sea ports to Cuba, have had to re tu rn across the A tla n tic em p ty because they are refused cargoes in U.S. ports.

O n ly three years ago, 80 per cent o f Cuba’s trade was w ith the U n ited States. S ince the U.S. em ­bargo, Cuba has been forced to s h ift a ll th a t trade to the Soviet bloc and o b ta in ing sh ipp ing fo r tha t trade is an acute problem . U.S. harassm ent o f sh ipp ing to Cuba has the e ffec t o f m ak ing it even m ore expensive and in ­creases the hardships o f the Cuban people.

The harassment, however, is not expected to stop the ships. B r it is h shipowners, fo r exam ple, fee l th a t th e ir com petito rs w i l l c a rry any goods B rito n s refuse to transport, and are the re fo re res is ting U. S. pressure.

Cuban co u n te r-re v o lu tio n a ry groups in M ia m i and P uerto Rico have received a shot in the arm

(Continued on page 7)

THEMONROE DOCTRINE

TODAY

1) The U.S. Forbids Invasion of Any Country in W estern Hemisphere by a European or Asian Power.2) The U.S. Forbids Any Country in Western Hemisphere (Especially Cuba)To Build Its Defenses Against a U.S. or U.S.-Backed Invasion.

F id e l Castro

Movements For Peace Go Political

B y E d w ard S la te rIn recent m onths, the peace

m ovem ent in the U n ited States appears to be g iv in g increased a t­ten tion to p o lit ic a l action. The tendency is aw ay fro m emphasis on “ p ressuring” o ffice -h o lde rs and candidates and tow a rd d ire c t in ­te rven tion in to po litics . A n t i-w a r activ is ts are deba ting means o f p o lit ic a l action, seeking an e ffec­tive veh ic le by w h ich to make th e ir voices heard in e lection cam ­paigns.

The m a jo r ity o f the peace groups at th is tim e seem con tent to le t th is in te rve n tio n consist in g iv in g support to “ peace candidates” o f the m a jo r p o lit ic a l parties. The N ation reported on J u ly 28 th a t at least 30 such candidates w i l l be ru n n in g in Senate and Congres­siona l races th is fa ll.

O ther ac tiv is ts are expressing d issa tis fac tion w ith th is approach. The fate o f candidates lik e Rep. F rank K o w a lsk i, a lib e ra l w ho sought the D em ocra tic no m in a tion as senatoria l candidate in Connec­ticu t, is m ak ing them th in k tw ice about the poss ib ilities fo r e ffec tive a c tiv ity w ith in the m a jo r parties. K o w a ls k i no t o n ly lost the nom ina ­tion th is year, bu t was refused endorsem ent fo r the post he now holds — R epresen ta tive -a t-la rge — in a w ay s im ila r to th a t in w h ich increasing num bers o f “ lib e ra l” and “ re fo rm ” candidates are be ing dum ped by the D em ocratic P a rty . The K ennedy A d m in is tra tio n , w h ich resumed nuc lear testing, sent troops to Southeast Asia, is f ig h tin g an undeclared w a r in V ie tnam and is w h ip p in g up a

(Continued on Page 2)

Eyewitness in Albany------------------------------------- By A lice L aw rence -------------------------------------

P re s id e n t J o h n F. K e n n e d y is p la n n in g n e w b lo w s a g a in s t th e C u b a n pe op le w h ile d e fe r r in g o u t r ig h t U .S. m i l i t a r y in te r ­v e n t io n in C u b a u n t i l he th in k s he can g e t a w a y w i th it .

T h e n e w a n t i-C u b a m oves in c lu d e in c rea sed p re ssu re on L a t in A m e r ic a n g o v e rn m e n ts to d e v e lo p som e fo rm o f d ip lo m a t ic c o v e r fo r U .S . in te rv e n t io n ; p re ssu re on W e s te rn n a tio n s to b o y ­c o tt C u b a ; and g iv in g th e g re en l ig h t to c o u n te r - re v o lu t io n a ry C u b a n g ro u p s in th e U .S . an d P u e rto R ico to in c rease th e ir h i t an d ru n ra ids .

THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

V o l. 26 - No. 34 M o n d a y , S e p te m b e r 24, 1962 P r ic e 10c

P a rt of the crow d at the Sept. 15 H a rle m u n ity ra lly fo r W illia m W o rth y . T h e ra lly lasted fro m 3 p.m . to 8 p .m . at H a r le m ’s key intersection.

Kennedy's Policy Aims New Blows At Cuban People

A United Harlem Rallies to W orthy

B y Lero y M cR ae SWP Candidate for Attorney General of N. Y.

By F red H alstead

Page Two TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, September 24, 1962

...Eyewitness in AlbanyTHUMBS UP!'

(Continued from Page 1)A in ’t going to let Chief Pritchett T u rn me round,I ’m going to keep on a’ w alk in ’,

keep on a’ ta lk in ’,M arching on to Freedom Land.A in ’t going to le t no jailhouse T u rn me round, turn me round,

turn me round.A in ’t going to let no jailhouse T u rn me round,Keep on a’ w a lk in ’, keep on

»’talking,M arching on to Freedom Land.

A m ong the audience and on the p la tfo rm are students — fro m the age o f n ine to college age — w ho a re n ’t a fra id o f fac in g in tim id a tio n and beatings a t the hands o f rac is t police. U s ing the tac tic o f passive resistance, the students go lim p w hen arrested and force the cops to c a rry them b o d ily in to the ja ils . O ften , w h ile the po lice pe rfo rm th is “ service,” the students are h it, k icke d and th row n .

H ave you heard about the new law T h at Chief Pritchett made?I f you stand üp for your rights H e’l l throw you in his cage.

One young h igh -schoo l student w as k icke d as she was ca rried to the p a trp l wagon. Then, w hen they go t he r to the po lice station, a p itc h e r o f w a te r was h u rle d in to he r face as she la y passive ly on the flo o r. T h is type o f b ru ta li ty is com m onplace in the A lb a n y s tru g ­gle. Y e t the students and the men and the wom en con tinue to sing:

The only thing that w e did right Was the day we began to figh t . . .

As Freedom Songs are sung, the y are accompanied w ith c lap -

p in g -a n d -fo o t-s to m p in g . Sometimes the songs cease and o n ly the c lap- p in g -a n d -fo o t-s to m p in g sound con­tinues, f i l l in g the chu rch w ith an alm ost hypno tic , rh y th m ic beat. A l l o f a sudden someone ye lls , “ F R E E D O M !” The audience p icks up the chant w ith a deafening, thunderous ca ll fo r “ FR EED O M ! FR E E D O M ! F R E E D O M !” A t these tim es the room v ib ra tes and the v e ry w a lls seem to qu ive r. The chan t fo r “ F R E E D O M !” f i l ls a ll ava ilab le space and the re is no room fo r doubt.

A fter a MeetingA t the end o f a mass m eeting,

the com m u n ity rises to its feet, s ing ing “ W e S ha ll O vercom e.” S lo w ly they f i le ou t in to the hu m id , s lig h t ly cooler S outhern n ig h t. Some c lim b in to cars, b u t m ost begin the long w a lk home th ro u g h the p o lice -ca r-in fes ted darkness. The you th hang around aw h ile , ta lk in g and jo k in g . Then they, too, begin to head fo r home, k ic k in g up the dust of the streets, unpaved in the Negro section of tow n .

A fe w students w a lk to the o f­fic e o f the S tuden t N o n v io le n t Co­o rd in a tin g C om m ittee (SNC C) w h ic h is near the church. I ts tw o, sm all, bare rooms o ffe r a place fo r discussing. On thé w a ll, p r in te d in w h ite cha lk is the slogan: S E G R E G A T IO N ’S G O T TO GO! On the shelves in back are m a­te r ia ls fo r the vo te r-re g is tra tio n d r iv e th a t SNCC is c a rry in g on in

nearby Lee and T e rre ll Counties. Some em p ty coke bo ttles are by the m im eograph m achine. P icke t signs lean against the w a ll— ready fo r the n e x t day ’s action. The s tu ­dents ta lk about m any th ings, bu t forem ost the A lb a n y M ovem ent.

The A lb a n y M ovem ent began to take fo rm in O ctober 1961 when SNCC f ie ld secretaries, Charles Sherrod and C o rde ll Reagon, came to A lb a n y . They w ere the re to set up a v o te r-re g - is tra tio n d r iv e in the su rround ing area.

T hey soon found out, however, th a t they w o u ld f ir s t have to convince the people o f A lb a n y o f the need fo r a c iv i l- r ig h ts s trug ­gle. A t f i r s t people w ere apprehen­sive — even a fra id to w a lk on the same side o f the stree t as the “ Freedom R iders.” S herrod and Reagon began to go to the pool ha lls , the churches, the bars and social c lubs and in th is w a y they contacted the people and ta lked to them about the strugg le . Soon, the com m u n ity began to be less a fra id : they began to come in to the SNCC o ffice and ta lk .

Students Responded First

S tudents w ere the f ir s t to take up the ca ll fo r Freedom . D issatis­fie d w ith the “ c losed -m ind ” a t­mosphere o f th e ir campus, A lb a n y State, they w ere ready to ta lk w ith the SNCC w orke rs , ready to p lan dem onstrations, ready to go to ja i l . A nd so, in e a rly N ovem ­ber, n ine students m arched tow a rd the segregated A lb a n y bus depot. Threatened w ith arrest, the y le ft and f ile d a ff id a v its w ith the In ­te rs ta te Com m erce Com m ission.

Then, on N ovem ber 22, f iv e s tu ­dents w ere arrested as they a t­tem pted to use the bus depo t’s fa c ilit ie s in an in tegra ted m anner. F o r th is, the students w ere sus­pended in d e fin ite ly b y the “ Uncle T om ” Dean o f S tudents at A lb a n y State College. Though th is was done in an e ffo r t to q u e ll the r is ­in g s p ir it o f the m ovem ent, i t had the reverse e ffec t. The s p ir it and the m ovem ent grew .

D u rin g th is tim e, the A lb a n y M ovem ent was fo rm a lly set up and mass m eetings w ere begun. F rom these m eetings came mass m arches to c ity h a ll. D u r in g the several m arches in December, over 700 persons w ere arrested.

Center of Activ ity

The SNCC o ffice has become one o f the m a in centers o f a c tiv ity among the you th in the A lb a n y M ovem ent. They use i t fo r p a in t­in g p icke t signs, w r i t in g and p r in t ­in g leafle ts , p lan n in g dem onstra­tions and as a ga the ring place. As they s it around, someone w i l l laugh and begin to sing:

You better leave segregation alone

Because they love segregation Like a bound dog loves his bone.

The o the r k ids laugh k n o w in g ly and jo in in singing.

G eorg ia ’s sum m er heat is op­pressive. The a ir seems th ic k and im m ovable . B u t, because the laws, the customs, the governm ent o f G eorg ia is even m ore oppressive, the M ovem ent can and does move. The people m arch, sing, chant, go to ja il, f ig h t. The system w h ich m ust “ Keep the b lack m an do w n ” is be ing challenged. Ideas th a t w ere never supposed to have been tho ugh t are be ing fo rm ed. A nd fro m these ideas flow s a m ove­m en t — a m ilita n t, s trugg ling , u n a fra id m ovem ent made up of people w ho refuse to liv e as they have been forced to fo r hundreds o f years. The phony “ peacefu l re ­la tion s ,” so tou ted by the w h ite Southerner, are be ing shattered and in th e ir place, in the Negro com m un ity , emerges a courageous m other, a jobless b u t se lf-respect­in g man, a d e fia n t you th w ho w i l l in tim e he lp create a new system in w h ich everyone is equql.

A lth o u g h they face bom bings, lynch ings, beatings and harass­m ent, the people in the A lb a n y M ovem ent con tinue th e ir struggle. O ver and over they sing:

I t ain’t no harm to have your mind Set on Freedom!

The U n ited Aerospace W orkers (aerospace and m issile d iv is io n o f the U n ite d A u to W orkers) has g iven no tice o f in te n tio n to s tr ik e the N o rth A m erican A v ia tio n cor­po ra tion i f an agreem ent is no t reached by Sept. 22. A s tr ik e had been threatened fo r J u ly 23 b u t was postponed fo r 60 days pend­in g resu lts o f a p res iden tia l fa c t­f in d in g board appointed to recom ­mend a se ttlem ent fo r 100,000 w o rke rs em ployed by fo u r m a jo r aerospace com panies and re p re ­sented by tw o unions — the U A W and the In te rn a tio n a l Association o f M ach in ists.

Wages and secu rity prov is ions in the aerospace in d u s try lag fa r be­h ind those in o the r m a jo r m anu­fa c tu r in g indus tries organized by the tw o un ions. In add ition , tech­no log ica l changes have resu lted in a loss o f over 25 per cent o f the p ro du c tion jobs in the in d u s try since 1957, w h ile to ta l em p loym ent in the in d u s try increased. These changes are co n tin u in g apace.

In face o f th is prob lem , last M ay's U A W conven tion reso lved to f ig h t fo r S upp lem en tary U nem ­p loym e n t B ene fits and o ther jo b secu rity p rov is ions in aerospace, to ra ise wages to the leve l o f other industries , and to ga in a un ion shop.

The p re s id en tia l board, h o w ­ever, recom m ended Sept. 11 a th ree -yea r con trac t w ith sm all wage increases each year (ru n n in g between fiv e and n ine cents an h o u r) and a vote among the w o rke rs , w h ereby i f tw o - th ird s agreed, a un ion shop w o u ld be in ­s titu ted . T h is he lps solve the u n ­ion secu rity p rob lem , and w i l l p ro b a b ly assure U A W and IA M dues collections, b u t leaves the jo b secu rity and c o s t-o f- liv in g p ro b ­lem s unresolved.

U A W P resident W a lte r R euther issued a sta tem ent Sept. 12- say­ing, “ We and the aerospace w o rk ­ers we represent are fu l ly aw are

(Continued from Page 1)w a r atm osphere over Cuba and B e r lin , cannot p e rm it its ow n p a rty to become a veh ic le fo r opposition to these po lic ies.

A som ewhat d iffe re n t approach is be ing tr ie d in Massachusetts w h e re P o lit ic a l A c tio n fo r Peace (P A X ) is ru n n in g an independent candidate, H . S tu a rt Hughes, fo r U.S. Senator. A s ig n if ic a n t aspect o f th is cam paign is the am ount of support w h ich Hughes, a H a rva rd h is to ria n , has been able to d ra w fro m students and o ther young an­t i-w a r activ is ts .

R unn ing an independent cand i­date in Massachusetts is a m a jo r u n d e rta k in g — re s tr ic tiv e e lection law s req u ire a t least 72,514 s igna­tu res on no m in a ting pe tition s be­fo re the candidate ’s name can ap­pear on the ba llo t. M ost o f the w o rk o f co llec ting these signatures was accom plished b y teams o f s tu­dents w ho gave th e ir tim e and energy to tra v e l th rou gh the state as p e tit io n w orke rs . O th e r v o lu n ­teers p rov ided them w ith accom­m odations and w o rk in g fa c ilit ie s in each area.

“Quiet Anti-Com m unist”M ost of Hughes’ support comes

fro m his stands on d isarm am ent — fo r U.S. in it ia t iv e tow ards it , re ­n u nc ia tion o f nuc lear testing, w i th ­d ra w a l of troops fro m ce rta in overseas bases, etc. He has come ou t against the A p r i l invas ion of Cuba and stands fo r the re -estab- lish m e n t o f no rm a l trade and d ip lo m a tic re la tions w ith tha t coun try .

Nonetheless, the re is m uch to ind ica te th a t h is supporters are lik e ly to be disappointed. D escrib ­in g h im se lf as a “ q u ie t an ti-C o m - m un is t,” Hughes accepts the fu n -

o f the im portance o f u n in te rru p te d p roduc tion in th is in d u s try . W e the re fo re re lu c ta n tly accept the B oa rd ’s recom m endation . . . con­d ition ed on s im ila r acceptance by the com panies.”

W hen N o rth A m erican d id no t im m e d ia te ly announce acceptance, the s tr ik e notice was given. I t is d o u b tfu l, how ever, th a t the s tr ik e th re a t is seriously m eant by the U A W leadership. In h is A ug . 11 statem ent, R euthe r w en t a long w ith the p re s id en tia l board ’s dec la ra tion th a t in the aerospace f ie ld “ . . . the s tr ik e is no t a v a il­able as a means o f a rb itra m e n t.”

* * *

The fo llo w in g cogent rem arks on the question o f s trikes in the aero­space in d u s try appeared in an a rtic le by C. V . P ark inson in the A ugust issue o f the V erm on t Peace L e tte r:

“ The chorus fro m the R ig h t is strong on the sub ject o f the th re a t­ened w a lk o u t in the m iss ile fie ld . Says the B u r lin g to n (V t.) Free Press (J u ly 20 ): ‘B ig la b o r is ask­in g fo r serious troub le . . . .’

“ F rom ano the r p o in t o f v iew , la b o r is asking fo r troub le i f i t doesn’t stand up now and m a in ­ta in the r ig h t t o ‘s tr ik e ; i t w i l l be worse o f f i f i t knuck les under to governm ent pressure. I t w o u ld be re fresh in g to see the m il ita ry re ­m inded th a t the ha rdw a re they th ro w about so c a v a lie r ly and i r ­respons ib ly is made by men in factories, th a t when the men don’t w o rk , they don ’t have the h a rd ­ware. T h is w o u ld be a good les­son fo r the m il ita ry , bu t i t w o u ld be even m ore im p o rta n t to see some ind ica tions th a t la bo r realizes the fact itse lf.

“ I f la b o r can’t see w here the present road leads — i f they can’t see themselves as a p a rt o f the m il ita ry m achine, p o te n tia lly u n ­der the th u m b o f the Pentagon — then they w i l l have o n ly them ­selves to b lam e.”

dam en ta l prem ises o f the cold w a r; his a im is n o t to end it, bu t to conduct i t in a m ore ra tio n a l m an­ner. Despite the fa c t tha t his cam ­pa ign is independent o f bo th m a jo r parties, h e shares th e ir basic com ­m itm en ts ; h is stated purpose is " to streng then the tw o -p a r ty system by b r in g in g to the cam paign cha l­leng ing issues w h ic h n e ithe r can­d ida te o ffe rs .”

The task o f a “ peace cand idate” is a d i f f ic u lt one. R ea lly to oppose the cold w a r a t the po lls and to g ive p o lit ic a l voice to the aim s o f the peace m ovem ent is to take a stand against the w ho le d riv e o f U.S. cap ita lism tow a rd w a r. I t is to oppose the in terests o f the p o w e rfu l forces beh ind th a t d rive , in te rests w h ich the R epub lican and D em ocratic parties are com m itted to defend.

I f the peace m ovem ent is to be successful in its in te rv e n tio n in to p o litic s i t w i l l have to f in d w ays to avo id the dead end tha t lies in g iv in g suppo rt to these c o ld -w a r pa rties (and thereby, how ever un ­in te n tio n a lly , to the cold w a r i t ­s e lf) .

The va rious attem pts at inde ­pendent “ peace cam paigns” are in ­d ica tive of the fa c t th a t th is search is go ing on. B u t in the long run , i t is to the w o rk in g class, a po w e r­fu l fo rce w ith no in h e re n t stake in the w a r d rive , th a t the peace m ovem ent m ust look fo r e ffec tive a n ti-w a r action — to the fo rm a tio n o f an independent p o lit ic a l p a r ty o f the la b o r m ovem ent. W h ile w o rk in g fo r th is goal, a n t i-w a r ac tiv is ts can g ive voice to th e ir aim s in m any areas by g iv in g sup­p o rt to S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty candidates w ho are opposing the tw o c o ld -w a r parties.

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The National Picket Line

Monday, September 24, 1962 T H E M IL IT A N T Page Three

W hy Kennedy Hesitates to Invade CubaB y A r t Preis

The U n ited States, m igh ties t in ­d u s tria l and m il i ta ry pow er ever know n, undoub ted ly could w ipe ou t l i t t le re v o lu tio n a ry Cuba in blood, a lthough the a ttem p t w o u ld prove m ost costly. A f te r a ll, W ash­ing ton could f ie ld an a rm y in Cuba o f greater m anpow er than tha t sm a ll c o u n try ’s to ta l popu la tion .

I f K ennedy has so fa r hesitated to loose U.S. cap ita lism ’s stupen­dous des truc tive pow er on C uba’s estim ated seven m illio n people, it is no t th rou gh any com punction o r hu m an ita ria n fee ling . U.S.- n ianned a irc ra ft laden w ith je llie d gasoline (na pa lm ) bombs fo r m onths have been ra in in g fla m in g death and destruction on the v i l ­lage fo lk o f South V ie tnam . There is no reason to be lieve th a t K e n ­nedy is m ore m e rc ifu lly disposed than P resident T rum an , w ho did no t hesitate in 1950 to p lunge th is cou n try in to a fu ll-s c a le invasion o f Korea — w ith o u t a vote o f Congress le t alone consu lting the A m erican people.

In T ru m a n ’s “ po lice action ,” the5,720,000 U.S. com batants suffe red some 160,000 ba ttle casualties and as m any m ore due to accident, fro s t-b ite am puta tions and disease. M ore th fm 2,000,000 South K orean c iv ilia n s alone were slaughtered, m ost o f them bu rned a liv e by U.S. napa lm bombs. A n o th e r 2,000,000 w ere in ju re d and 4,000,000 made homeless in the process o f th e ir “ lib e ra tio n .”

One o f the ch ie f reasons w h y T rum an d id n o t hesitate in June 1950 to in te rvene w ith U.S. arm ed forces in the K orean c iv i l w a r was h is c e rta in ty th a t such in te rv e n ­tio n w o u ld be ca rried o u t as an

F o llo w in g Congressional ap­p ro va l o f a b i l l a u th o riz in g Pres­id en t K ennedy to c a ll up 150,000 m il i ta ry reserves as he deems nec­essary, the Senate F ore ign Re la­tions and A rm e d Services c o m m it­tees are m ee ting jo in t ly th is week to discuss fu r th e r moves against the Cuban people.

U nde r consideration are Re­pub lican ride rs to the c a ll-u p b i l l and a reso lu tion o f Sen. M ike M ansfie ld , the D em ocra tic m a jo r ity leader, ca llin g fo r support to K e n ­nedy in any m ove — in c lu d in g Use o f force — against Cuba. A t the same tim e Senator George A. Sm athers (D .-F la .) announced his in te n tio n o f a ttach ing an am end­m en t to M a n s fie ld ’s reso lu tion w h ic h w o u ld g ive fo rm a l recogn i­t io n to a Cuban g o ve rn m e n t-in - ex ile .

The recent rash o f v io le n t a n ti- Cuban speeches made by p ro m i­nent congressional figu res, gives a s ta rt lin g in s ig h t in to the th in k ­in g now preva len t in W ashington circles. There are those lik e Senators J. S trom T hurm ond (D -S .C .), B a rry M . G o ldw a te r (R -A r iz .) , and E ve re tt M . D irksen ( R - I l l . ) w ho w a n t an im m ed ia te invas ion o f the sm all is land.

In a Sept. 7 s tatem ent D irksen declared th a t the U.S. should act against Cuba u n ila te ra lly i f nec­essary. “ O bv ious ly the Congress of the U n ited States,” he said, “ has re sp o n s ib ility in the m a tte r. In 1955 w hen C om m unis t C h ina menaced Form osa and the Pesca­dores, the Congress by jo in t reso lu ­tion authorized the P resident o f the U n ited States to em p loy our ow n arm ed forces as he deemed necessary to p ro tect those A s ia tic is lands.”

O th e r Senators v ie w the s itua ­tio n d iffe re n tly . Senator Thom as J. Dodd (D -C onn .) said, “ The call fo r an A m erican m il ita ry occupa­tio n of Cuba is fa lse in its em ­phasis and lays us open to unnec­essary a ttack by the C om m unist and C astro ite propaganda ap-

“ in te rn a tio n a l” action under the U n ited N ations labe l. On June 27, 1950, the ve ry day T rum an ordered U.S. arm ed forces to a id D ic ta to r Syngm an Rhee, the U N S ecurity C ounc il — w h ich the Soviet U n ­ion at the tim e was boyco tting — was able to pass a m otion ca llin g on U N m em ber na tions to g ive m il ita ry support to Rhee.

Thus, the U.S. invas ion of Korea, w h ich invo lve d ne a rly 6,- 000,000 m em bers o f a ll U.S. arm ed forces, was conducted under the c loak o f the UN, a lthough on ly a few o the r countries — p r in c ip a lly England, T u rk e y and the P h ilip ­pines -— supp lied a few thousand token troops.

K ennedy has no such “ in te rn a ­t io n a l” cloak. He cannot hope to get U N sanction fo r an invasion o f Cuba on grounds o f “ aggres­sion” by the Castro governm ent against th is o r any o ther coun try . The aggression has been a ll on the side o f W ashington, rang ing fro m econom ic em bargo to ou t­r ig h t arm ed invas ion w ith Cuban c o u n te r-re v o lu tio n a ry m ercenaries in A p r i l 1961.

I f K ennedy is to get some so rt o f “ in te rn a tio n a l” cover fo r an as­sau lt on Cuba, i t w o u ld m ost lik e ly have to come fro m L a t in A m e r i­can countries, spe c ifica lly fro m the O rgan iza tion o f A m erican States. A t the m om ent, th a t p o s s ib ility seems rem ote. The lead a rtic le in the Sept. 13 W a ll S tree t Jo u rn a l g ives a ve ry fra n k exp la na tio n fo r th is “ L a t in L e th a rg y ,” as its a rtic le by s ta ff w r i te r P h ilip G eye lin is headlined.

G eye lin reports fro m W ashing­ton th a t “ U.S. lis te n in g posts across L a t in A m erica are p ic k in g up a h ig h ly s ig n ifica n t hush.”

paratus. Because o f th is , an A m e r­ican m il i ta ry occupation o f Cuba, even i f ca rried ou t w ith d ispatch and e ffic ie ncy , m ig h t v e ry w e ll produce a w orsen ing o f the p o lit ­ic a l s itua tion in L a tin A m erica .”

D odd ’s s ix -p o in t p rogram to “ free ” Cuba includes the invoca­tio n o f the M onroe D octrine fo r p ro c la im in g a to ta l em bargo on S ov ie t m il i ta ry shipm ents to Cuba and a possible subsequent “ to ta l blockade on a ll shipm ents to C uba” except food and consum er goods.

Senator W ayne M orse (D .-O re .), cha irm an o f the Senate L a tin A m erican A ffa irs subcom m ittee hopes to get suppo rt fro m the O r­ganization o f A m e rica n States fo r com m on action against Cuba. I f th is can’t be done, M orse said, then “ the U.S. w i l l s t i l l have the re s p o n s ib ility to take w h a t course o f action the facts show m ay be necessary . . . to pro tect the secur­i t y o f the A m erican people fro m the th re a t o f a Russian C om m unist beachhead a lm ost on ou r ve ry ow n shores.”

O n the o the r hand Senator K e n ­ne th B. K e a tin g (R .-N .Y .) be­lieves a “ horse trade ” is in the o f f ­in g between the U.S. and the S ovie t U n io n ove r Cuba and B e r lin . K ea ting said reports c ir ­cu la tin g in W ashington “ suggest th a t the S oviet U n ion m ay w a n t to p u t Cuba and B e r lin up on the auction b lock together fo r a d ip ­lom a tic deal.”

“ In brass-tacks language,” he said, “ i t w o u ld mean th a t P rem ie r K h rushchev has to ld P resident Kennedy, ‘you la y o ff on B e rlin . W e’l l la y o f f on Cuba. B u t i f you press us in B e r lin , then we w i l l p u t the screws on you in Cuba.’ ”

K e a tin g added, “ the U n ited States m ay w e ll be toy in g w ith some S oviet deal to l in k the tw o. In some o f h is m ost recent u t ­terances, the P resident has spoken o f the tw o crises in the same b rea th and has in e ffec t urged a ‘w a it and see’ a tt itu d e .”

T h a t “ hush” is the stud ied silence fro m a ll L a tin -A m e ric a n gove rn ­ments, even the m ost hostile to Castro ism , concern ing action against Cuba in opposition to the m il ita ry and econom ic a id supplied the Cuban people by the S ov ie t- b loc countries. G eye lin w rite s :

“ N o t one o f the 19 L a t in gov­ernm ents w ith the m ost to lose fro m Red encroachm ent in th is hem isphere has ye t to come fo r ­w a rd w ith concrete proposals fo r tougher an ti-C a s tro action, e ith e r co llec tive ly by the O rgan iza tion of A m erican States, o r by the U.S. alone. F a r fro m proposing invasion o r b lockade of Cuba as a good m any U.S. po litic ia n s are doing, these La tin s are no t even suggest­in g such m ild e r measures as a jo in t em bargo on trade w ith Cuba.”

OAS Im potentS ho rt o f an actua l m il i ta ry in v a ­

sion o r blockade, the J o u rn a l cor­respondent po in ts out, there is “ l i t t le the O AS cou ld now do to re a lly damage Castro.” In fact, the “ m ere m en tion o f e ith e r course, ju d g in g fro m the ca re fu l sound­ings,” w ou ld “ acu te ly em barrass o r even open ly antagonize a lo t o f L a tin governm ents and perhaps even th rea ten some w ith v io le n t o ve rth ro w by Castro sym pa th iz­ers.”

The Castro governm ent its e lf does no t th rea ten the ru lin g groups o f o the r L a tin -A m e ric a n coun­tries, G eye lin makes clear. “ E x ­perts re p o rt a s lacken ing o f sub­version e ffo rts fro m Cuba,” he w rites . “ B u t hom e-g row n le ft is t m ovem ents o f the Castro type are flo u r is h in g in m ost key L a tin coun tries ” and “ they feed on ra c k ­in g economic d istress and la te n t a n ti-A m e ric a n sen tim en t.”

To fo re s ta ll C astro -type u p ris ­ings in L a t in A m erica , the K e n ­nedy a d m in is tra tio n has tr ie d to persuade the ru l in g classes o f the L a tin -A m e ric a n countries to g ran t a few m ild economic and social re fo rm s in re tu rn fo r U.S. fin a n c ia l aid. “ B u t w e a lth y landow ners and fina nc ie rs are p o lit ic a lly p o w e rfu l enough in m ost countries,” w rite s G eye lin , “ to insure th a t change w i l l be p a in fu lly slow and tha t the p o lit ic a l im p ac t on restive populaces w i l l be long delayed.

“ The upshot, as one h igh U.S.

Unions H it Polaris — The B r i t ­ish Trades U n ion Congress, a t its m eeting in B lackpool on Sept. 7, ca lled fo r the rem ova l o f U.S. m is s ile -c a rry in g subm arines fro m th e ir base a t H o ly Loch, near G lasgow, Scotland. The delegates, representing m ore than 8 m illio n w orkers , approved the a n ti-P o - la r is reso lu tion in the face of strong opposition fro m the lead­ersh ip o f the unions, w ho c la im ed tha t i t con trad ic ted the o ff ic ia l Trades U n ion C ongress-Labor P a rty p o lic y on defense.

Chinese Interest in Cuba — Tw opam phlets on the Cuban R evo lu ­tio n have been trans la ted and published in China. One contains the F irs t and Second D eclara tions o f H avana; the o ther is F id e l Cas­tro ’s M arch 26, 1962 speech about A n íb a l Escalante and the In te g ra t­ed R e vo lu tio n a ry O rgan iza tions (O R I) o f Cuba. A cco rd in g to P eking R eview , “ The pam phlets are now on sale in a ll Chinese c itie s .”

The Silence T hat Shouts — E ng­lish language newspapers in Johan­nesburg, South A fr ic a , have fo re ­cast th a t house a rrest w i l l soon be used to silence p o lit ic a l op­position. P rovis ions o f South .Af­r ic a ’s v ic ious anti-sabotage law em pow er Justice M in is te r B a lth a ­zar V o rs te r to con fine people to th e ir homes and to s tipu la te who m ay v is it them . B o th he and P re m ie r V erw oe rd have been s ta t­in g in recent speeches th a t action m ust be taken against “ lib e ra lism

o ff ic ia l puts it , is ‘even m ore than the usual num ber o f exp los ive s it­ua tions ju s t w a it in g fo r somebody to toss a m atch.’ A n d one o f the m ore in fla m m a to ry ‘matches,’ i t ’s agreed, w o u ld be an a ttem p t by the U.S., o r b y hem isphere nations acting co llec tive ly ,, to topp le the Castro governm ent by fo rce .”

One U.S. o ff ic ia l is quoted by G eye lin as saying: “ T he re ’s re a lly no t m uch p o in t in c lean ing house in Cuba, even i f we w ere sure we re a lly could, i f i t means se tting up a ha lf-dozen m uch m ore im p o r­tan t countries on the m a in land fo r a C om m unist ta ke -o ve r.”

A lth o u g h the recent a r r iv a l of increased S ov ie t a id to Cuba is the p re te x t fo r the new crescendo in the an ti-C a s tro cam paign, the re a l reason fo r th is bellicose c lam or is the need to d is tra c t a t­ten tion fro m the d ism al fa ilu re o f the A llia n c e fo r Progress. The f ir s t b ir th d a y o f th is p rogram , launched w ith such fan fa re a yea r ago, was Aug. 17. M ore than one lead ing newspaper took note o f the qu ie t w ay the K ennedy a d m in is tra tio n s lid over th is im p o rta n t f ir s t an­n ive rsa ry .

“Alliance for Progress’The A llia n c e fo r Progress’ a r t i­

cles o f organ iza tion , signed at P un ta de l Este, U ruguay, on Aug. 17, 1961, w ere tou ted by K ennedy as the great answ er to Castro ism . I t was c la im ed th a t th is p ro jec ted p rogram o f $20 b il l io n o f U.S. a id to L a t in A m erica over ten years w o u ld w ip e ou t the te rr ib le pov­e rty in the lands south o f the R io Grande, e lim in a te the w o rs t abuses o f the L a tin A m erican ru l in g classes and g ive the masses m ore secu rity and freedom than they cou ld hope to f in d fo r themselves along the road o f Castro ism .

On the occasion o f the A llia n ce fo r Progress ann iversary , R icha rd Boyce, S crip ps -H o w a rd corres­pondent, w ro te fro m W ashington th a t the p rogram “ has n o t made im pressive progress.” T h a t is su re ly the understa tem ent o f the year. T ad Szulc, o f the New Y o rk Times, w ro te on the same occasion th a t the ann ive rsa ry “ comes to ­m orro w against a background o f c ris is in A rg e n tin a and B ra z il and serious un rest elsewhere in the hem isphere.” In fact, in A rg e n tin a and Peru, m il i ta ry d ic ta to rsh ips

w'hich is the sm a lle r b ro th e r o f com m unism .” V o rs te r also is p re ­p a rin g a d ra ft b i l l to weed ou t law yers w ho are Com m unists, suspected libe ra ls , o r “ p o lit ic a l undesirab les.” The Johannesburg Sunday T im es com m ented on Sept. 9: “ I t is conceivable th a t in o rder to silence Com m unists and ag ita ­tors m ore e ffe c tiv e ly i t m ay be necessary to silence the en tire na tion .”

Outpost of the Free W orld —C a rry in g the U .S .-backed p o licy o f “ s tra teg ic ham le ts” a step fu r th e r , the Ngo D in h D iem re ­gim e in South V ie tn am has estab­lished w h a t i t ca lls “ stra teg ic w a rds ” and “ s tra teg ic ce lls” in Saigon. A “ stra teg ic w a rd ” com ­prises between 100 and 200 fa m ­ilies, sub -d iv ide d in to cells com ­p ris in g a lane o r tw o. Each en­closed ce ll has its ow n entrance w h ich can be sealed o f f as soon as an a la rm is sounded in o rder to fa c ilita te a search by the police.

‘H oy’ Attacks Jehovah’s W it­nesses — The Aug. 28 issue o f Hoy, organ o f the Cuban C om ­m un is t P a rty (P S P ), ca rried an a ttack on m em bers o f the Je­hovah ’s W itnesses. The newspaper accused the re lig ious group o f a id ­in g co u n te r-re vo lu tio n th rough c a rry in g on “ negative a c t iv ity ” in Cuba.

Chiang Stamps Out Commu­nists — A recent issue o f the A m erican m agazine Newsweek was seized before i t cou ld be d i­s tr ib u te d to subscribers on the N a-

had taken over. A lth o u g h the U n ite d States au thorized $1,517,-300,000 in a id to L a t in A m erica between M arch 31, 1961, and las t June 30, reported Szulc, “ the b u lk o f these funds has no t been d is ­persed.” M oreover, W ash ing ton observers “ say advances to w a rd basic social and econom ic re fo rm s have been few .’\

These re fo rm s are supposed to come in la rge measure fro m a “ s e lf-h e lp ” p o rtio n o f the A llia n c e fo r Progress p rog ram w hereby, as R ichard Boyce reported , a “ stag­ge ring S8 b il l io n is to be p u b lic and p riv a te cap ita l fro m the L a t in countries them selves.” B u t “ v e ry l i t t le o f th is se lf-h e lp has been fo rthco m ing .”

Flight of CapitalJus t how m uch “ s e lf-h e lp ” has

come fro m the L a tin -A m e ric a n ru l in g classes was ind ica ted by K ennedy h im se lf in h is re p ly to a question a t h is Sept. 13 news conference. T ry in g to e x p la in the la ck o f progress o f the A llia n c e fo r Progress, K ennedy revealed: “ L a t in A m erica has had a f l ig h t o f ca p ita l in recent m onths w h ic h has been serious. In ad d ition , the price o f its p r im a ry products has also dropped in recent m onths. So th a t even the assistance we have g iven has no t been enough to keep L a t in A m erica even, p a r t ic u la r ly w hen its popu la tion increase am ounts to a lm ost th ree pe r cent.”

A c tu a lly , reported Szulc in the p re v io u s ly c ited Tim es a rtic le , “ the f lo w o f dom estic cap ita l ou t o f L a t in A m erica fa r exceeds a lliance investm ents.”

U.S. im p e ria lism feels an in ­to le rab le fru s tra tio n . I f W a ll S tree t doesn’t destroy C astro ’s Cuba, its exam ple w i l l beckon ever m ore in v it in g ly to the 200 m il l io n L a t in A m ericans oppressed by hunger, squalor, disease and b a ck -b re ak in g to il. I f W ash ing ton alone o r in con­ce rt w ith the ru le rs o f L a t in A m erica assaults Cuba, i t m ig h t mean an even q u icke r f la re -u p o f the L a t in A m erican masses.

In any event, K ennedy fea rs the issue w i l l never be settled on the beaches o f Cuba alone. B u t i t can­no t be ru le d ou t tha t, i f p o lit ic a l pressure becomes too great, he is op po rtu n is t enough and a rro ga n t enough to r is k the reckless gam ble of another C uban invasion.

tio n a lis t Chinese is land o f T a i­wan. O n ly about h a lf o f the m aga­zines ever reached subscribers. W hen these were de live red , m ost o f the illu s tra tio n s fo r a fea tu re a rtic le on C om m unis t C h ina w ere e ith e r inked o u t com p le te ly o r p a r t ia l ly obscured. B lacked ou t fro m the cover was a p o r tra it o f M ao T se-T ung w ith Chinese c h a r­acters read ing “ Long L iv e the People’s R e pu b lic ” and o th e r slogans. Inside, how ever, the i l ­lu s tra tion s w ere no t com p le te ly ob lite ra ted . Instead, over p ic tu res o f M ao and s ix o th e r Chinese leaders were in d iv id u a lly stam ped the Chinese characters “ F e i C h iu ,” m eaning “ B a n d it C h ie fta in .”

United Front Broken — TheJapanese soc ia lis t press has p u b ­lished an a rtic le b y Saburo Eda, G enera l Secre tary o f the S ocia lis t P a r ty o f Japan, re p u d ia tin g the fo rm e r entente betw een th a t p a r ty and the Chinese C om m unis t P a rty on the s trugg le against im p e r ia l­ism and w a r. The ru p tu re , accord­in g to a Reuters d ispa tch o f Sept. 2, was over S oviet resum ption o f nuc lea r testing. A t the recent w o r ld congress against nuc lear weapons, the Japanese Socia lists sought a reso lu tion condem ning a ll nuc lea r tests, w h ile the Chinese and Russian delegates ins is ted on upho ld ing the resum ption o f tests by the S oviet U n ion . S ocia lis t leader Eda’s a rt ic le said the Chinese C om m unis t P a rty had no r ig h t “ to fo rce its ideo logy” on the Japanese Socialists.

Senatorial Ravings Indicate Trend of Anti-Cuba Drive

B y L il l ia n K ie ze l

World Events

Page Four TH E M lL l tA N T Monday, September 24, 1962

the MILITANTE d ito r: JO SEPH H A N S E N

M anag ing E d ito r : G EO RG E L A V A N Business M anager: K A H O L Y N K E R R Y

P ub lished w e e k ly , excep t fo r om ission o f f iv e sum m er issues, b y The M ili ta n t P u b lis h in g Ass’n ., 116 U n iv e rs ity P I., N ew Y o rk 3, N. Y . Phone CH 3-2140. Second- class postage pa id a t N ew Y o rk , N .Y . S u b sc rip tio n : $3 a year; Canadian. $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. S igned a rtic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t necessarily represen t The M i l i ta n t ’s v iew s. These are expressed in e d ito ria ls .

V o l. 26 - N o . 34 345 M o n d a y , S e p te m b e r 24, 1962

Anti-Semitism in ArgentinaW h e n P e ro n is ta ca n d id a te s , backed b y th e A rg e n t in e la b o r

m o v e m e n t, w o n th e e le c tio n s la s t s p r in g , th e m i l i t a r y b rass m o ve d q u ic k ly to p re v e n t th e ir ta k in g o f f ic e and to en su re a g o v ­e rn m e n t f r ie n d ly to U .S . in te re s ts . T h e c u r re n t o u tb re a k o f a n t i- S e m itis m in A rg e n t in a is b u t one o f th e f r u i t s o f th is U .S .-b a c k e d re g im e .

T h e a n t i-S e m it ic w a v e has b ro u g h t s w a s tik a s s c ra w le d on w a lls , p h y s ic a l assau lts on Jew s, and th e s to n in g and m a c h in e - g u n n in g o f J e w is h e s ta b lis h m e n ts .

S pokesm en fo r A rg e n t in a ’s J e w is h c o m m u n ity s ta te th a t th e p o lic e ta k e no a c tio n a g a in s t th e p e rp e tra to rs o f o u tra g e o u s c r im e s l ik e th e re c e n t w o u n d in g o f a J e w is h s tu d e n t b y g u n f ire an d th e c a rv in g o f a s w a s tik a on a J e w is h g i r l ’s b reas t. These spokesm en also p o in t to th e a n t i-S e m it ic g ro u p s ’ c o n n e c tio n s w i th im p o r ta n t m i l i t a r y f ig u re s and sec tions o f th e R om an C a th o lic h ie ra rc h y in e x p la n a t io n o f th e im m u n ity f ro m p ro s e c u tio n . .

W h ile th e e n c o u ra g e m e n t o f such o u tra g e s b y its A rg e n t in e a llie s m a y m a ke W a s h in g to n so m e w h a t uneasy, i t m u s t accep t f u l l re s p o n s ib i l ity fo r th e m . T o m a in ta in its h o ld on A rg e n t in a , U .S . im p e r ia lis m has m ade a dea l w i th th e m os t re a c tio n a ry sec­t io n s o f th a t n a t io n ’s r u l in g classes. T h a t these c irc le s in c lu d e o p e n ly a n t i-S e m it ic and fa s c is t e le m e n ts is m e re ly an e m b a rra s s ­in g p a r t o f th e b a rg a in .

The Abuse of OvertimeM a n y com p an ies a re fo rc in g t h e ir e m p lo yes to w o rk o v e r­

t im e in s te a d o f c a l l in g b a c k those w o rk e rs a lre a d y la id o f f . T h is is a c o n t r ib u t in g fa c to r in th e c o n tin u e d job lessness in m a n y p a r ts o f th e c o u n try . E m p lo y e s o f th e M e tro p o l ita n T ra n s it A u th o r i t y in B os to n , fo r e x a m p le , re c e n t ly engaged in an “ i l le g a l” s t r ik e in th e ir b a t t le a g a in s t th e p ra c tic e . In D e tr o it w h e re th is abuse is com m o n , th e g re a t re s e n tm e n t o v e r i t am o ng th e u n e m ­p lo y e d has in th e pa s t le d to S a tu rd a y p ic k e t lin e s a ro u n d a u to p la n ts e n g a g in g in it .

D o th e com p an ies p e rp e tra t in g such an o b v io u s in ju s t ic e s im p ly n o t g iv e a d a m n a b o u t th e m en th e y h a ve la id o ff? I t ’s th a t in p a r t. I t m a y also be a w a y o f t r y in g to pe rsua de tho usan ds o f “ s u rp lu s ” w o rk e rs th a t th e y h a ve no chance o f e v e r g e tt in g ba ck th e ir o ld jo b s an d th a t th e y m ig h t as w e l l go e lse w h e re and s top c re a tin g a “ soc ia l p ro b le m ” b y th e ir presence.

B u t th e com p an ies rea p im m e d ia te a d van ta ge s f ro m th e p ra c ­tice . I t m akes fo r “ m o re e f f ic ie n t a n d c o n v e n ie n t” s c h e d u lin g o f p ro d u c tio n . M o re o v e r, i t saves p a y m e n t o f f r in g e b e n e fits to those w o rk e rs w h o w o u ld h a ve to be re -h ire d , w h i le such p a y m e n ts do n o t r is e as m u ch w h e n a red uce d w o rk fo rc e is p u t on o v e r ­t im e .

T h e p ra c tic e is n o t o n ly a d ire c t in ju r y to la id - o f f w o rk e rs , i t is a fa ls e b e n e fit fo r th e ir e m p lo y e d u n io n b ro th e rs . C o m pa n ie s u t i l iz e in c re a se d ta k e -h o m e p a y f ro m o v e r t im e as a m eans o f a v o id in g in c re a s in g h o u r ly w ages to m ee t r is in g l iv in g costs.

T h e soc ia l p ro g re ss o f th e w o r k in g class fo r a lo n g t im e has d e m a n d e d a s h o r te r w o rk w e e k . U n e m p lo y m e n t and th e o n ru s h o f a u to m a tio n m a k e th e s h o r te r w o rk w e e k th e m os t p re ss in g im ­m e d ia te issue fo r la b o r. So fa r th e to p la b o r le a d e rs h a ve done n o th in g b u t ta lk a b o u t th e m a tte r . In th e m e a n tim e th e ir to le ra ­t io n o f th e w id e s p re a d m a n a g e m e n t p o lic y o f re q u ir in g o v e r t im e ra th e r th a n r e - h ir in g la id - o f f w o rk e rs n o t o n ly a g g ra va te s u n ­e m p lo y m e n t b u t in som e in d u s tr ie s is b r in g in g a b o u t a de fa c to in c rea se o f th e w o rk w e ek .

Curran and Cuba

By F ra n k L o ve llD E T R O IT — I t isn ’t o ften tha t

the tru th is spoken in cap ita lis t po litics . W hen it is, i t ought to be defended.

Here in M ich igan we have an in d u s tr ia lis t, George Rom ney, fo r ­m er president o f A m erican M o­tors, cam paign ing fo r governor on the R epublican ticke t.

I though t Gus Scholle, A F L - C IO state pres ident and a leader of the D em ocratic P arty , accurate­ly described Rom ney when he called h im a “ phony.” Scholle e laborated: “ George Rom ney is not on ly a phony, he’s a s lick car salesman, and car salesmen are p re tty w e ll in do c trina ted in the fine a r t o f m isrepresenta tion . They a ll em bellish w ha t they have to say.”

O f course Scholle d id no t speak the w ho le tru th . I f he had, he w o u ld have added tha t a l l cap i­ta lis t po litic ians , Dem ocrats as w e ll as Republicans, practice the “ a rt o f m isrepresenta tion .” A good exam ple w ou ld be the fin e -so u n d - ing p la tfo rm o f K ennedy in 1960 as com pared w ith the p u tr id p ro ­gram o f K ennedy in 1962. I t w ou ld also have been in o rder to m en­tion th a t Dem ocrats lik e to pu t au to corpora tion presidents in positions o f pow er too — lik e the fo rm e r Ford president, R obert S. M cNam ara, who is now Secretary of Defense.

G eo rge R o m ne y

B u t Scholle was r ig h t as fa r as he w e n t — in w h a t he said about Rom ney, and in w 'hat he said about car salesmen.

As soon as he said it, however, the roo f caved in . A ho w l o f in ­d igna tion w en t up fro m the auto dealers and th e ir associations. They lodged angry protests w ith the D em ocratic P a rty , dem anding th a t i t repud ia te Scholle. The Re­pub licans jum ped in to the act. The local d a ily papers came s taunch ly to the salesmen’s defense, e x to ll­ing th e ir v irtu e s and p ra is ing th e ir methods.

“ W ith o u t salesmen (au to ) p ro ­duction m ig h t as w’e ll cease,” one

Urban Air Pollution Linked To Profit-Hungry Industries

B y M a r i ly n L e v in

M uch is said nowadays about fa llo u t fro m nuc lear explosions, b u t l i t t le pro test is raised against another type o f dangerous fa llo u t w h ich robs m e trop o litan residents o f years o f th e ir lives.

Huge am ounts o f contam inated

A t th e h ig h p o in t o f th e n e w s p a p e r h y s te r ia a g a in s t C uba e a r l ie r th is m o n th Joseph C u rra n , p re s id e n t o f th e N a tio n a l M a r i­t im e U n io n , c a lle d a press con fe re n ce to an no un ce th a t he w as g o in g to le a d a m o v e w i th in th e In te rn a t io n a l T ra n s p o r t W o rk e rs F e d e ra tio n fo r a b o y c o tt o f s h ip p in g to C uba . T h e N M U m e m b e r­s h ip , o f course, ha d n o th in g to say a b o u t th is . C u r ra n — save fo r a l i t t l e p ro m p t in g f r o m th e K e n n e d y a d m in is tra t io n — d id i t on h is o w n .

C u r ra n is an o p p o r tu n is t w h o , w h e n i t s u ite d h is ca re e r, w as one o f th e m os t o u ts p o k e n s u p p o rte rs o f th e S ta lin is t l in e am ong U .S . la b o r o ff ic ia ls . H e f lo p p e d o v e r to a n t i-c o m m u n is m w h e n th e w itc h h u n t began a f te r W o r ld W a r I I . N o w , a lo n g w i th th e re s t o f th e A F L - C IO b u re a u c ra ts , w h o s u p p o rte d th e B a tis ta g a n g ­s te rs in c o n tro l o f C u b a n u n io n s p r io r to 1959, C u r ra n seeks to in g ra t ia te h im s e lf w i th th e U .S . g o v e rn m e n t b y b e in g a w i l l in g f in k a g a in s t th e C u ba n re v o lu tio n .

T h is w i l l n o t save th e u n io n s in th is c o u n try f ro m re a c tio n a ry a tta c k . O n th e c o n tra ry , C u r ra n ’s m o v e w e ake ns U .S . la b o r b y fe e d in g th e re a c tio n a ry h y s te r ia . A n d i f th e im p e r ia lis ts in W a s h ­in g to n s h o u ld succeed in d e s tro y in g th e C u b a n R e v o lu t io n , U .S. la b o r w o u ld p a y h e a v ily . C u b a ’s d e fe a t w o u ld o n ly in te n s ify re a c ­t io n he re , e n c o u ra g in g an d e m b o ld e n in g a l l th e a n t i- la b o r fo rces — w h ic h a re a lso th e m os t h y s te r ic a l ly a n t i-C u b a n fo rce s in th e c o u n try .

T h e t ru e in te re s ts o f th e A m e r ic a n w o rk e rs l ie in o p p o s in g a l l a t te m p ts to w e a k e n o r d e s tro y th e C u b a n R e v o lu t io n .

partic les, p r im a r ily fro m the smokestacks and furnaces o f heavy in d u s try , fa l l on ou r b ig c ities d a ily . In D e tro it i t ’s over 60,000 tons a day, and th a t’s not counting the vast quan tities o f h a rm fu l gases discharged in to our lungs.

Hardest h it by the ap pro x im a te ­ly 2,000 chem icals p o llu t in g the a ir are the new born, the i l l and the aged — those least able to re ­sist the poisoned atmosphere.

I t is d if f ic u lt to measure exa c tly the hea lth hazards resu ltin g fro m in d u s tr ia l fa llo u t, p a r t ly because e ffo rts along th is line have not been o f f ic ia lly encouraged o r ade­qua te ly financed.

B u t a pu b lica tio n o f the U.S. D epartm ent o f H ea lth , Education and W e lfa re states tha t “ acute ep i­sodes have dem onstrated th a t heavy concentra tions o f a ir p o l­lu ta n t can produce acute illness and sudden death.”

T h is re fers to w eathe r qu irks , lik e the one in London ten years ago, w hen 4,000 people were k ille d and thousands others made se ri­ously il l .

C u m u la tive E ffe c t“ O f greater significance, how ­

eve r,” the H E W rep o rt continues, “ is the lo ng -te rm exposure o f com ­m u n ity popu la tions to lo w e r con­cen tra tions o f a ir po llu tan ts , w h ich m ay resu lt in g radua l de te rio ra ­tion o f health , ch ron ic diseases and p rem ature death.

“ A n im pressive body o f c irc u m ­s tan tia l evidence is now accu­m u la tin g w h ich lin k s a ir p o llu tio n w ith increased m o rta lity fro m card io - re sp ira to ry causes, in ­creased susce p tib ility to resp ira ­to ry disease, and in te rfe rence w ith no rm a l resp ira to ry fu n c tio n .”

A n a ir p o llu tio n expert recen tly said th a t a g rea t m any people “ are h a lf-s ic k o r be low pa r phys ica lly because o f the contam inated a ir they breathe .” He also estim ated th a t “ people w ho liv e in urban areas where the a ir is unclean are tw ice as lik e ly to get lu n g cancer as those l iv in g in the c o u n try .”

In d u s tr ia l fa llo u t and nuclear fa llo u t are bo th de s tru c tive o f h u ­m an hea lth and life , b u t at least

the discussion o f in d u s tr ia l f a l l ­ou t cannot be fogged up by a rg u ­m ents about “ na tiona l defense” and cold w a r propaganda. In a p o lit ic a l sense, there fore , i t is m ore easily preventable .

There are a lready m any know n e ffec tive m ethods o f con tro lling , reduc ing and e lim in a tin g a ir p o l­lu tio n ; others could be discovered, i f the re was a w i l l to do so; and, u n lik e M ich igan , m ost states have a ir -p o llu tio n con tro l law s on the books. B u t l i t t le o r no th in g is done, and e x is tin g law s are po o rly en­forced, because i t takes money.

The men w ho con tro l bo th in ­d u s try and governm ent w ou ld ra th e r go on po isoning the a ir (and us) than p e rm it th e ir p ro fits to be cut.

le tte r w r i te r thundered. Most salesmen are “ h a rd -w o rk in g , con­scientious, honest people engaged in the le g itim a te occupation o f se lling cars to the pu b lic ,” w ro te another. Scholle was accused oi t ry in g to “ create a serious m is ­tru s t in everyone w'ho earns th e ir live lih o o d th rough sales.”

Then the in te res tin g th in g hap­pened: Scholle issued a fo rm a l apology to the salesmen. A n ab­je c t apology.

“ I was ta lk in g about ju s t one salesman — Rom ney,” he said. “ The statem ent was made in a jo c u la r vein, and I had no in te n ­tion w hatsoever of m ak ing d is ­parag ing rem arks about au to salesmen as such. The las t th ing in the w o rld I w o u ld w ant to do is re fle c t on the in te g r ity o f car salesmen. F a r be it fro m me to put auto salesmen in general in the same category w ith Rom ney.”

I don’t w an t to exaggerate. The salesmen a ren ’t the ones w ho set the po lic ies, prices and procedures fo llow e d by the auto in d u s try — the m a jo r resp o n s ib ility rests w ith the boards of d irec to rs o f the co r­porations, w ho set the pa tte rns by the m is lead ing adve rtis ing cam ­paigns on w h ich they spend m any m illio n s of do lla rs each year. The salesmen are ju s t the fa ll guys, the ones closest to the buyer.

Despite tha t, they are masters o f m isrepresenta tion and w o u ld n ’t las t a t th e ir jobs fo r a m on th i f they w e ren ’t. W ho ever m et a salesman w ho adm itted , “ M y com ­p e tito r across the street can sell you ju s t as good a car at ju s t about the same price?”

I t is a so rry state o f a ffa irs when a un ion o ff ic ia l and Dem o­c ra tic p o lit ic ia n has to apologize fo r speaking the tru th .

I f they can’t even te ll the tru th about car salesmen, how can any­body depend on them to te ll the tru th about the much m ore c ruc ia l p roblem s o f w a r, unem ploym ent, rac ia l d isc r im in a tio n and the tw o - p a rty system?

"Deliberate Speed"O n ly 33 school d is tr ic ts are

p lan n in g to in it ia te desegregation th is fa ll. Since the Suprem e C o u rt’s 1954 decis ion o u tlaw ing school segregation on ly 948 o f the 3,047 school d is tr ic ts w ith J im C row schools have begun any in ­tegra tion . O ver 700 o f these are in non-S outhe rn and border states such as O klahom a (195), M issouri (203), K e n tu cky (148), D e law are (92), W est V irg in ia (43) and M ary land (23). M oreover, in m any d is tr ic ts listed as desegregated there has been on ly token in te g ra ­tion o f a few Negro ch ild re n , most are s t i l l in J im C row schools.

Poet’s Corner

The Man He Killed‘Had he and I b u t met B y some old ancient inn.

W e should have sat us down to w e t R ig h t m any a n ip p e rk in !

‘B u t ranged as in fa n try ,A n d s ta rin g face to face,

I shot a t h im as he a t me,A n d k il le d h im in his place.

‘ I shot h im dead because — Because he was m y foe,

Just so: m y foe o f course he was; T h a t’s c lear enough; a lthough

‘He tho ugh t he’d ‘lis t, perhaps, O ff-h a n d lik e — ju s t as I —

Was ou t o f w o rk — had sold h is traps No o the r reason w hy.

‘Yes; q u a in t and curious w a r is! You shoot a fe llo w down

Y o u ’d tre a t i f m et w here any ba r is, O r he lp to h a lf-a -c ro w n .’

— Thomas H a rd y (1840-1928)

Who's Slick? Us Car Salesmen?

Monday, September 24, 1962 TH E M IL IT A N T Page F ive

TEN YE A R S AGO

IN THE M I L I T A N TLetters From O ur R eaders

‘L ib e ra tio n , lik e freedom , is one o f the sweetest o i a ll words. Yet, when m outhed by any lead­ing spokesman fo r A m erica ’s r u l­in g c ircles, the w o rd ‘lib e ra tio n ’ sends a shudder o f h o rro r th rough the w o rld . Thus, an ou tc ry of a la rm m et Gen. E isenhower's A m erican Legion p roc lam ation ot th is c o u n try ’s m ission to ‘lib e ra te ’ those lands o f Eastern Europe and Asia now con tro lled by or in a l­liance w ith the S oviet U n ion . . .

“ Korea is a g r im ob ject lesson. D a ily , U.S. w a r com m uniques boast o f the w anton b lo w in g up o f the factories, m ines, dams, pow er sites. O ff ic ia l UN reports te ll o f m illio n s of c iv ilia n s burned a live by f la m in g je llie d gasoline (n a p a lm ), b low n up by h igh -exp los ive bombs, sp la ttered w ith m achine gun bu lle ts and rockets.

“ W herever the forces o f ‘l ib e ra ­tio n ’ gain con tro l, even m om en­ta r ily , to ta lita r ia n po lice and m il­ita ry regim es are imposed. In Korea, the no torious d ic ta to rsh ip o f Syngm an Rhee, whose most e ff ic ie n t in s titu t io n is his f ir in g squads, . is the end -p rodu c t of U.S. ‘lib e ra tio n .’ ” — Sept. 22 1952.

20 YE AR S AGO“ T e s tify in g before the Senate

B an k in g C om m ittee on Septem ber 15, |W m . H .] D avis [C ha irm an of the W ar L a b o r B o a rd ] stated th a t i f the Congress w ro te the ‘L i t t le S teel’ fo rm u la in to law , it w ou ld mean th a t 75 per cent o f wages w ou ld go no h ighe r than they are now.

“ ‘ I f w o rkers w an t m ore pay,’ he said, e xp la in in g how the ‘L i t ­t le S tee l’ fo rm u la w orks, ‘They m ust w o rk ove rtim e to get i t ’ . . .

“ Most of the b ig In te rn a tio n a l un ions have made protests against the ‘L i t t le S teel’ fo rm u la . B u t none of the top o ffic ia ls has dared to a d m it tha t th is a n ti- la b o r fo rm u la has the app rova l o f P res i­dent Roosevelt. Davis, in his testim ony, f la t ly po in ted out who is behind the fo rm u la , when he said, ‘We are going to app ly tha t p r in c ip le u n t il the P resident te lls us to stop.’

“ T h is statem ent c le a rly reveals tha t eve ry a n ti- la b o r ru l in g o f the W LB tu rn in g down the ju s tif ie d demands o f the w orkers , has been made w ith the fu l l agreem ent of 1he P resident w ho con tro ls the W L B .” — Sept. 26, 1942.

FIDEL CASTROcn

Marxism-Leninism(Speech of Dec. 2, 1961)

84 pages $1

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A sk lo r o u r new li te r a tu r e lis t

Answers QueryNew Y o rk , N. Y .

In y o u r L e tte rs co lum n o f Aug.27 there was a query about the source and date of a w ide ly -used quota tion from K a r l M a rx . I t is to be found in his m ain w o rk , C ap ita l. Since he w ro te in G er­man w hat we have are trans la ­tions. There are several, s lig h tly d iffe re n t.

The E verym a n ’s L ib ra ry ed ition (1929) o f Eden and Cedar P a u l’s trans la tio n gives in Vol I, C hapter 8, page 309, the fo llo w in g version: “ In the U n ited States o f A m e r­ica, any sort o f independent labo r m ovem ent was paralyzed so long as s lavery d is figu red a pa rt of the repub lic . Labo r w ith a w h ite sk in cannot em ancipate its e lf w here labo r w ith a b lack sk in is b randed.’’

The Charles H. K e r r & Co.’s ed i­tion (1918) of Sam uel M oore and E dw ard A v e lin g ’s trans la tio n puts it in Vol. I, C hapte r 10, page 329, thus: “ In the U n ited States of N o rth A m erica , every independent m ovem ent o f w o rke rs was pa r­alyzed so long as s lavery d is ­figu red a p a rt o f the R epublic. La bo r cannot em ancipate its e lf in the w h ite sk in w here in the black i t is b randed.”

Since C a p ita l f ir s t appeared in p r in t in 1867, tha t, I suppose, w o u ld be considered the date of the quo ta tion .

A.L.P.

More InformationGlens Falls, N. Y.

I understand th a t M a rx ’s com ­m en t on w h ite skinned and black sk inned la bo r (see le tte r colum n, M ilita n t , A ug . 27) appears in C ap ita l.

M a rx and Engels coined the slogan “ W orkers o f a ll countries un ite ! you have no th in g to lose bu t yo u r chains.” T h is slogan was addressed to a ll w o rkers , no t to those o f a single race.

The In te rn a tio n a l W ork in gm en ’s Association, be tte r know n as the F irs t In te rn a tio n a l, was founded in 1864 w hen the C iv il W ar was approaching its c lim ax. T h is o r ­ganization , at the behest o f M a rx , w ro te a le tte r to P resident L inco ln , w h ich reads in p a rt as fo llow s:

“ F rom the com m encem ent o f the tita n ic A m erican s tr ife the w o rk ­in g m en o f Europe fee l in s tin c ­t iv e ly th a t the star-spang led ban­ner ca rried the destiny o f th e ir class. The contest o f the te rr ito r ie s w h ich opened the d ire epoch, was i t no t to decide w he the r the v irg in soil o f im m ense trac ts should be wedded to the la bo r o f the em i­g ra n t o r p ro s titu ted by the s lave- d rive r?

“ W hen an o liga rchy o f 300,000 slaveholders dared to inscribe fo r the f irs t tim e in the annals o f the w o r ld “ s la ve ry ” on the banner of arm ed revo lt, when on the ve ry spot w here h a rd ly a cen tu ry ago the idea o f one great dem ocra tic re p u b lic f ir s t sprang up, whence the f ir s t D ec la ra tion o f the R ights o f M an was issued, and the f ir s t im pu lse g iven to the Europeanre vo lu tio n o f the 18th cen tu ry ;when on th is ve ry spot cou n te r­revo lu tio n , w ith system atic th o r­oughness, g lo ried in rescind ing‘the ideas en terta ined a t the tim e o f the fo rm a tio n o f the o ld con­

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s t itu t io n ’ and m a in ta ined ‘s lavery to be a bene fic ien t in s titu t io n ,’ in ­deed, ‘ the on ly so lu tion o f the great prob lem o f the re la tions of cap ita l to labo r,’ and cyn ica lly procla im ed p ro p e rly in m an ‘ the cornerstone of the new e d ifice ’ — then the w o rk in g class o f Europe understood at once even before the fana tic pa rtisansh ip o f the u p ­per classes fo r the Confederate ge n try had given its d ism al w a rn ­ing, tha t the slaveholders’ reb e l­lion was to sound the tocsin fo r a general ho ly crusade o f p ro pe rty against labor, and th a t fo r the men o f labor, not on ly th e ir hopes fo r the fu tu re , b u t even th e ir past conquests were at stake in tha t trem endous c o n flic t on the o ther side o f the A tla n tic . E veryw here they bore p a tie n tly the hardships im posed on them by the cotton cris is, opposed en thus ias tica lly the p ro -s la ve ry in te rve n tio n — im p o r­tu n it ie s o f th e ir be tte rs — and fro m m ost pa rts o f Europe, con­tr ib u te d th e ir quota o f blood to the good cause.

“ W h ile the w o rk in g men, the tru e p o lit ic a l pow er o f the N orth , a llow ed slavery to de file th e ir own repub lic . W h ile before the Negro m astered and sold against h is w i l l , they boasted i t the h ighest p re ­roga tive o f the w h ite -sk in n e d la ­bo re r to sell h im se lf and choose his ow n m aster, they were unab le to a tta in the true freedom o f labor, o r to support th e ir European b re th ren in th e ir s trugg le fo r em ancipation, bu t th is b a rr ie r to progress has been swept o f f by the red sea of C iv il W ar.

“ The w o rk in g men o f Europe fee l sure tha t, as the A m erican W ar o f Independence in it ia le d a new era o f ascendancy fo r the m idd le class, so the A m erican a n t i­s lavery w a r w i l l do fo r the w o rk ­in g classes. They consider i t an earnest o f the epoch to come tha t it fe ll to the lo t o f A braham L in co ln , the s ing le -m inded son of the w o rk in g class, to lead the cou n try th rough the strugg le fo r the rescue o f an enchained race and the reconstruction o f a social w o r ld .”

The above le tte r was de live red to the A m erican embassy to be fo rw a rde d to W ashington at a tim e w hen the Tories of the w o r ld w'ere vo ic ing m ora l (and ren de ring m a­te r ia l) support to the slave states.

K.M .G .

ThanksNew Y o rk , N.Y.

C ongra tu la tions on the f irs t e igh t-page M ilita n t. The bigger paper is a rea l im provem ent. Keep ’em ro llin g .

W .B .

A Modern Jean Valjean?D e tro it, M ich .

Lester B rookins, a 45 -yea r-o ld fa th e r o f 13 ch ild ren , has been g iven a fo u r-y e a r prison sentence fo r m a il fraud .

I t appears the B rook ins fa m ily have been using a f ic t it io u s church society to o rder m erchandise from m a il-o rd e r houses, then sold i t w ith o u t pay ing fo r it . Investiga to rs ind ica te the “ lo o t” has totaled $33,000 in eleven years.

The Brookinses liv e in the poorest and oldest section o f De­tro it . They have been the rec ip ­ien ts o f re lie f fo r some tim e. I f w e take a conserva tive estim ate o f S120 a week fo r a fa m ily of 15 to keep body and soul together, they w ou ld need an annual stipend o f $6,000 to get by. I f we then deduct $3,000, w h ich was th e ir an­nua l average incom e, fro m the “ lo o t,” the B rook ins fa m ily m ay have received $60 a week in re ­life , a nice sum on w h ich to starve in genteel fashion!

These bare economic facts n o t­w ith s ta nd ing , the judge, in sen­tencing M r. B rookins, issued th is stern rebuke: “ You have beenw o rk in g th is racke t fo r eleven years. T h is constant fra u d u le n t conduct has cost somebody an aw ­fu l lo t o f m oney. I t in vo lve d losses to le g itim a te businesses. B u t I

know the frauds w i l l no t con tinue because you are go ing to ja i l . ”

W hat about B il l ie Sol Estes, you ask? T h is m illio n a ire is s t i l l “ out on b a il,” w ith a m urdered m arshal som ewhere in the shadows.

You understand o f course tha t in th is greatest of a ll cap ita lis t nations, ju s tice has a double s tand­ard. Negotia tions fo r the rich , sum ­m ary action fo r the poor.

Jim Campbell

Unity Against FascistsB ro o k lyn , N.Y.

I w r ite th is le tte r w h ile s t i l l in anger, and I w r ite to a ll the le ft press, fo r I am mad, and a b it disgusted at the so-ca lled “ a n t i­fascists” here in New Y o rk C ity .

Today, (A ug . 27) was the beg in­n ing o f a school, he ld by the C h ris tian Crusade, at Carnegie H a ll.

On Meet the Press, N BC Radio p rogram , D r. Schw arz adm itted tha t his m ain purpose in com ing to New Y o rk was to gain p u b lic ­ity . He fe lt he was be ing ignored by the press and N. Y . was the place to ga in the p u b lic ity he needed. He also adm itted , accord­ing to the N.Y. T im es, th a t m any o f his students d id jo in m any of the u ltra - r ig h t organizations.

The w o rld w id e conven ing o f fascist and Nazi groups in E ng­land some tim e ago, a ll ind ica te a g ro w in g w o r ld -u n if ie d com m and o f the fascist and Nazi forces the w o r ld over.

Y e t we w ho are supposed to be an ti-fasc is t, s tudy h is to ry , ou r e r­rors, and are supposed to be the leaders of, o r the fro n tlin e figh te rs against fascism, and here in N.Y., an ti-fasc is ts d isc rim in a te against o ther an ti-fasc is ts .

We cannot seem to u n ite around the m ost g la rin g enem y o f the le ft, the outspoken fascists in A m erica . “ We w on ’t m arch w ith them ,” o r “ th is is ou r lin e ,” or “ you m arch there and we here.”

D id any o f these so-ca lled a n t i­fascists read ever o f one a n ti­fasc is t re fus ing to en ter the gas cham ber o f H itle r , because an an ti-fa sc is t o f another group was k il le d there? W ill no t a l l le ftis ts , un ion is ts , libe ra ls , Jews and Ne­groes and Puerto Ricans, a l l jo in together in death, i f these scum w in? L e t the A m erican le f t wake up, we cannot a ffo rd the lu x u ry o f d iv is io n . Le t us now begin a u n ifie d group u n it in g a l l now who desire to f ig h t the g ro w in g fascist menace. L e t us fo llo w the exam ­ple o f the London an ti-fasc is ts . U n ited we can crush, expel and e lim in a te the fascists fro m our c ity .

T his d iv is io n is not on ly stup id , i t ’s c r im in a l.

A rthu r A. Stone

The Un-Comic BooksO akland, C a lif.

I spent a po rtion o f la s t n igh t in the in te lle c tu a l en te rp rise o f read ing ch ild re ns ’ com ic books. Besides the ty p ic a l spectacle o f D onald D uck smashing a mouse on the head, etc., the re was one ve ry in te res ting l i t t le s to ry con­ce rn ing an e v il L a tin -A m e ric a n d ic ta to r w ho showed a rem arkab le resem blance to F ide l Castro. In words, deeds, and especia lly in fac ia l expressions, the e v il d ic ta ­to r (D r. Zarago) was po rtrayed as the m ost ghastly a p pa rition o f e v il and ty ra n n y th a t ever sta lked the earth .

W hy are these “ com ics” w r i t ­ten? W hy are these c r im in a l lies propagated am ong the defenseless youngsters o f our nation? I ’l l te ll you w hy. W a ll S treet is scared of F ide l! W a ll S treet is scared o f the

e ffec t tha t he w i l l have upon the m inds o f ou r you th and be lieve me it w o n ’t take the fo rm o f mouseketeer hats e ither! F ide l represents the masses o f the w o r ld ’s have-nots ris in g up in a tum u ltu ou s storm to c la im w h a t is the irs , w h a t has been denied to them fo r centuries.

But W a ll S treet, as a group o f in d iv id u a ls , is sm all. So these businessmen m ust purchase a llies in th e ir fea r and th e ir crim e. They must purchase unquestion ing a l­lies. H ow do you get unquestion­ing allies? How' do you d e -b ra in people? In o ther words, b ra in ­w ashing. W ho is to unde rtake th is task? One o f the arms o f W a ll S treet, M adison Avenue. I t is among th e ir m any duties to raise a w ho le generation o f unquestion­ing, u n th in k in g , w h ite -b ra in e d you th.

The story of D r. Zargo is a fr ig h te n in g s to ry o f double-speak. Freedom is s lavery. W ar is peace. Love is hate. Those w ho love h u ­m an freedom and have sacrificed th e ir a ll fo r i t are p ic tu red as slave d rive rs . Those who strugg le fo r peace are p ic tu red as w a r­mongers. Those whose hearts o v e rflo w w ith love fo r hu m a n ity and are w ill in g to sacrifice th e ir lives fo r its be tte rm en t are p ic ­tu red as h a te -f ille d monsters. I leave you w’ith one unanswered question: Is D r. Zarago a Cuban D ic ta to r o r the pe rson ifica tion o f W a ll Street?

J.K.U.S. Test Ban O ffe r

New Y o rk , N. Y . U.S. d ip lom acy w i l l t r y to head

o f f S ovie t nuclear tes ting b y “ o f­fe r in g ” a nuclear test ban tre a ty .

The New Y o rk T im es o f J u ly 27 reports: “ I f the a d m in is tra tio n decides to con tinue the h igh a l t i ­tude tests, i t w o u ld mean th a t the series w ou ld un do ub te d ly extend th rough A ugust. The p rob lem is com plica ted by expecta tion th a t the Soviet U n ion w i l l resum e atm os­pheric tes ting by m id -A u g u s t. The a d m in is tra tio n had hoped th a t the U .S.A. could conclude its test series before the Russians re ­sumed the irs , thus s h ift in g the onus o f w o r ld d isapprova l onto the Soviet U n ion .”

A r th u r Dean, U.S. “ D isarm a­m en t” Am bassador in Geneva, is p repa ring to change h is p ropa­ganda lin e on “ the accuracy and v a lid ity o f underground test de­tec tion .” P rev iou s ly he denied the efficaciousness o f de tecting un de r­ground tests w ith o u t the a llow ance o f d ire c t inves tiga tion (spy ing?) on Soviet te r r ito ry . He is fra u d ­u le n tly c la im in g th a t now “ because o f recent new sc ie n tific develop­m ents” (w here? w hen and b y w hom ?) unde rg round test detec­tion has suddenly become va lid .

He know s dam ned w e ll th a t the v a lid bases fo r id e n tific a tio n o f underground nuc lear tests have existed long before. In fa c t no­w here in the w o r ld have scientists fa ile d to detect and id e n tify any underground o r o the r nuc lear test.

A t th is p r in t in g the S ov ie t U n ­ion m ay have resum ed its des­pe ra te ly needed tests, since they are about o n e -th ird as fa r ad­vanced as the U.S. A cco rd in g to upper echelon op in ion , the S oviet U n ion o n ly possesses a defensive nuclear fo rce w h ile the U.S.A. has m ost p ro ba b ly an o ffens ive — ag­gressive 3 s tr ik e nuc lear force. W h ile M cN am ara and G ilp a tr ic k open ly boast o f th is , M a lin o vsky o f the S ovie t U n ion o n ly speaks o f re ta lia tio n . P.M.S. B la cke tt o f the B r it is h R oya l Society F e llo w ­ship, Hanson B a ld w in , etc., con­cur. J.A.

Thought fo r the Week“ We sha ll stand f irm . We can c a lm ly p ro c la im tha t we are ready

to die at o u r posts, bu t we don’t know i f the governm ent o f the U n ited States and the generals o f the Pentagon and those Senators w h o c a ll fo r w a r against o u r cou n try are also ready to d ie . . . We are no t sardines. The sha rk should no t m ake the m istake o f th in k in g we are , because th is tim e i t cou ld w e ll be his last m istake .” — F id e l Castro, Sept. 11.

Page Six THE M IL IT A N T Monday, September 24, 1962

A Canadian Views British Labor CongressBy Ross Dowson

SEPT. 5 — The annua l congress o f the B r it is h T rade U n ion M ove­m en t opened in B lackpoo l th is M onday. I t is the 94th fo r th is p ioneer body o f the now w o r ld ­w ide trades-union m ovem ent. Some1,000 delegates rep resenting 182 un ions and alm ost e igh t and a h a lf m il lio n w o rke rs have assembled in the ornate W in te r Palace in th is seaside vacation reso rt on the edge o f the M id lands — the in d u s tr ia l heartland o f England.

F irs t appearances o f the con­gress place i t in strong con trast to un ion conventions on the N o rth A m erican con tinen t. There is no razzle-dazzle here. The vast h a ll is bare, as is the p la tfo rm , o f flags, banners and slogans. There are no d isp lays in the foye r — no booths boosting certa in a ffilia te s , d isp la y ­in g un io n -la b e l goods o r p ro m otin g p o lit ic a l action. There is on ly one tab le w ith a sm all spread o f un ion lite ra tu re — a ve ry m odest one in ­deed.

Papers On Sale

As you approach the entrance you are m et by a c lus te r o f p e r­sons. Aside fro m the haw kers of the d a ily press (w ho, as a m a tte r o f course, hand le the D a ily W o rk ­er, pub lished by the C om m unis t P a r ty ) you are m et by proponents o f v iew s w ho do no t ye t appear around A m erican trad e -u n io n con­ventions. T h is m o rn in g tw o young m en w ere se lling an a n ti-n u c le a r- arm s pam ph le t; I learned th a t ho lidave rs and those delegates w ho a rr iv e d Sunday were greeted on the prom enade by an im pressive dem onstra tion fo r nuc lea r d is ­a rm am en t: tw o p re tty g ir ls were se llin g Keep L e ft, the socialist you th paper th a t has refused to d ie on the orders o f the r ig h t-w in g L a b o u r P a rty leadership; and an old w om an was hand ing ou t a pam ph le t u rg in g la bo r s o lid a r ity w ith the old-age pensioners.

T h is a fte rnoon I was handed an e la b o ra te ly -p rin te d le a fle t o u t­lin in g the W e llingbo rough Trades U n ion F estiva l, one o f s ix be ing organ ized by the tra d e -u n io n - sponsorea C entre 42. The em inent p la y w rig h t, A rn o ld W esker, sought to place them on delegates’ seats b u t was to ld by the genera l p u r ­pose com m ittee th a t they w o u ld have to be d is tr ib u te d at the en­trance

The congress opened w ith a wom an in the c h a ir — and she was no t by any means “ decora­t io n ” to dem onstrate th a t in p r in ­c ip le la bo r is fo r equal wages and equal r ig h ts fo r wom en. The c h a ir-

' m an fo r the e n tire congress is

Dame Anne G odw in , general sec­re ta ry o f the C le rica l W orkers U n ion and pres ident o f the Trades U n ion Congress. W ith congress u n ­derw ay, the f ir s t guest speaker was no t P rim e M in is te r M acm illa n nor any o f his T o ry cohorts. I t was H a ro ld W ilson, cha irm an o f the La b o u r P a rty , w ho ta lked in term s o f M a c m illa n ’s defeat th rough a La bo u r P a rty v ic to ry .

B u t none o f th is is su rp ris ing . A f te r a ll, the B r it is h un ion m ove­m en t is d iffe re n t in m any ways fro m its A m erican coun te rpart. A l l the basic indus tries are organized in B r ita in . The unions have th e ir ow n p a rty — the L a bo u r P a rty — and a ll the discussions here are ta k in g place w ith in th is fra m e ­w o rk and w ith the conv ic tion th a t the p a rty w i l l take the n e x t elec­tion .

The w ords “ socia lism ,” “ na­tio n a liza tio n ,” “ p lanned econom y” are u tte red in Ir is h brogue, Scots b u rr, O x fo rd and Lancash ire ac­cents, w ith o u t so m uch as the raise o f an eyebrow in th is congress of un ion ists. M an y o f the delegates are lead ing activ is ts in the L a bo u r P a rty and in the C om m ittee fo r N uclear D isarm am ent. La s t con­gress w en t on record as opposing a ll nuc lear tes ting — one o f the top leaders is w e ll know n as a u n ila te ra lis t [advocate o f hav ing one’s ow n cou n try d isa rm w ith o u t w a it in g fo r o ther nations to do s o ].

Only Occasional Sparks

B u t hav ing noted these po in ts o f d iffe rence , i t is necessary to record th a t tw o and a h a lf days’ sessions saw on ly occasional sparks o f m ilita n c y . O n ly once o r tw ice in con tribu tions fro m the floo r, never fro m the p la tfo rm , d id one get even so m uch as a suggestion tha t there is any awareness o f w h a t is tak in g place in the shops, the docks and the p its [coa l m ines] o f B r ita in .

U nem p loym ent figu res in August (the la test a va ila b le ) w ere alm ost double those o f a yea r ago and the highest since unem p loym ent s ta tis tics were f i r s t com puted u n ­der the present system in 1948. In some areas, in Scotland and in the N ortheast, the ra te o f unem p loy­m en t stood a t fo u r per cent — m ore than doub le fo r B r ita in as a w hole.

The past m on th has w itnessed extensive la yo ffs in a irc ra ft due to the cance lla tion o f the B lue W ate r M iss ile P ro jec t, announce­m ents by the Coal Board o f fu r th e r w idespread p it closures, and gov­e rnm en t decla ra tions o f ra ilw a y closures th a t w i l l e lim in a te 20,000 jobs over the n e x t f iv e years. H and in hand w ith unem ploym ent has

Protest Polaris LaunchingB y Joyce C ow ley

V A L L E J O , Cal., Sept. 15 — The A n d re w Jackson, the seventh and largest nuc lear subm arine b u ilt b y the U.S. N avy, was launched here today a t a gala champagne p a rty . The top brass made speech­es, the band p layed and a cannon boomed. M rs. K e fa uve r, sharing the festooned p la tfo rm w ith v a r i­ous o th e r d ign ita ries , had the questionable p r iv ile g e o f ch ris te n ­in g the ship. H e r daughte r L in d a was m aid o f honor. A com m enta­to r on the loudspeaker described in g low ing de ta il the ladies' beau­t i f u l gowns and m ag n ificen t o rch id corsages. M rs. K e fa u ve r w i l l receive a precious gem as a re w a rd fo r sm ashing the b o ttle on the ship — pa id fo r, lik e the $100,000,000 A n d re w Jackson i t ­self, fro m the taxes o f w o rk in g people in th is coun try .

N o t among the in v ite d guests w ere 60 wom en w ho stood across the channel fro m the sh ip w ith posters c a llin g fo r un ive rsa l and com ple te d isarm am ent. M em bers o f the B erke ley, M a r in and San Francisco W om en F o r Peace, they tra ve lle d 35 m iles to V a lle jo to p ro test the launch ing o f another .grim c a rr ie r o f nuc lear weapons.

ROSS DOW SON, veteran Canadian socialist, is the edi­tor of The W orkers V anguard published monthly at 81 Queen Street West, Toronto 1, Canada (Subscription: $1 a year). He is now visiting Europe. By in ­advertance his byline was le ft off his interview in last week’s M il ita n t of Roger Protz, the editor of the proscribed British Labor Party youth paper, Keep L e ft.

come a co rpora tion p o licy o f ge t- to u g h -w ith - la b o r th a t has resu lted in a rash o f s trikes by F ord w o rk ­ers, by dock w o rke rs at L iv e rp o o l and by ligh te rm e n in London.

T h a t th is develop ing cris is at no tim e became a m a tte r o f con­cern to th is assemblage o f B r it is h la bo r is due to the fac t th a t B r it is h la b o r shares one th in g in common w ith the la bo r m ovem ent o f N o rth A m erica . T h e ir names arc d if fe r ­ent, they speak w ith a d iffe re n t accent and th e ir incomes are m ore modest, b u t tim e a fte r tim e in these tw o and a h a lf days i t was c le a rly revealed th a t the B r it is h labo r m ovem ent, lik e the A m e r i­can, has encrusted upon i t a con­se rva tive -m in de d and cow a rd ly leadership.

Indeed i t w ou ld appear th a t the m a in purpose o f the T rade U n ion Congress leadership, w ith G eneral S ecre tary George W oodcock at th e ir head, is to assure the ru l in g class o f G rea t B r ita in th a t they

are prepared to a ttem p t to reshape the B r it is h trad e -u n io n m ovem ent fro m an in s tru m e n t o f w o rk in g - class strugg le and socialism in to a too l fo r d is c ip lin in g the w o rke rs — g iven due and proper recogn ition by the governm ent and its b ig - business d irectors.

Congress opened M onday w ith a speech by W oodcock on a reso lu ­tion on trade -un ion re fo rm sub­m itte d by the t in y U n ion o f Post O ffice W orkers. In the name o f the General C ouncil, W oodcock ac­cepted the m otion . “ I th in k i t is at last tim e we exam ined B r it is h trade un ions to see how fa r we are fa il in g to b r in g ourselves in to con­fo rm ity w ith the tim es . . . ” — tim es th a t he described as the a ff lu e n t society. H ow does an o r ­gan iza tion fo rm ed a cen tu ry ago to com bat unem p loym ent con fro n t prob lem s o f fu l l em p loym ent, he asked. “ W e sha ll ask ourselves w h a t are we here fo r? ”

Spells I t Out

T h is ta lk abou t s tream lin ing the unions was in te rp re te d in va rious w ays and passed over q u ic k ly w ith none o f the b ig un ions ta k in g pa rt. B u t on W ednesday m o rn in g in the debate on “ the pay pause” and economic po licy , W oodcock spelled ou t w h a t he m eant. He exp la ined the G enera l C o un c il’s re jec tio n o f the T o ry N a tio n a l Incomes Com ­m ission w ith a s ta tem ent dep lo ring i t as an a ttem p t “ to impose on the TUC p o lit ic a l o p p ro b riu m as a smoke screen fo r th e ir ow n in ­e ffic ie n cy .”

He appealed to the governm ent “ to lis te n td the TUC instead o f m ak ing us the scapegoats fo r th e ir fa ilu re ,” and asked i t i f i t w anted th e ir citizens to act reasonably on wages to f ir s t create the r ig h t mood, no t s im p ly t r y to impose some conception o f re s tra in t. “ We have not damned the o the r people, we have said no th in g about the gross in eq ua litie s .” A l l we said, he to ld the delegates, is th a t “ we are not iso la tin g wages.” He appealed to the governm ent to a ttem p t to understand th e ir p rob lem — to create the r ig h t mood —- and they w o u ld set themselves the task of crea ting “ responsible c itizens w ho

w o u ld respond to sensible, fa ir and decent s t im u li.”

W hen it came to the T o ry ’s N a­tio n a l 'Econom ic D eve lopm ent C ouncil, fro m w h ich a com posite reso lu tion , m oved by the D raugh ts ­men, Sheet M eta l W orkers, the I r o n f i t ters and the Scottish P a in t­ers, urged the C ounc il to w ith ­d raw , W oodcock fu r th e r c la r if ie d the course o f the leadership. Speakers fro m the f lo o r condem ned NEDC as a T o ry im p ro v isa tio n de­signed to res tra in wages and sa l­aries and stated th a t p a rtic ip a tio n w ou ld o n ly take the emphasis aw ay fro m the type o f p lann ing we w a n t — p la n n in g fo r use no t fo r p ro fit. One speaker w arned: “ W e can’t change the Tories, bu t there is a good chance o f the Tories chang ing you !”

W oodcock responded th a t we m ust exp lo re NEDC, tha t i t is too e a rly to laud o r condemn it. “ We have to d iscover w h e the r the T o ry governm ent can be changed!” he declared and ended up w ith the sta tem ent th a t “ we m ust no t g ive the im pression th a t w e w a n t fre e ­dom to be irrespons ib le .”

Press Praise

In the process o f th is m orn ing 's debate, F ra n k Cousins o f the T ransp o rt and G enera l W orkers U n ion , w ho has been characterized as a s to rm y pe tre l on the G enera l C ounc il and w ho p re v io u s ly re ­jected p a rtic ip a tio n on NEDC, made his peace w ith the G en­e ra l C ouncil. “ W e are on NEDC and m y un ion is now proud th a t w e are associated w ith i t . ”

W oodcock’s p o licy has w on h im the p la u d its o f the d a ily press. The ed ito rs o f the London Tim es de­clared, “ M r. George W oodcock dem onstrated th a t in the present TU C genera l secre tary B r ita in has a trade un ion leader o f s ta tu re . . . The un ion leaders are to set th e ir m inds, a t last, to one o f the m a jo r economic prob lem s o f the day and one th a t cannot easily be solved even w ith th e ir cooperation. W ith ­ou t it , a so lu tion w o u ld be a lm ost im possib le .”

B u t the B r it is h w o rke rs have ye t to be heard fro m w ith regards to th is c a p ita lis t-s ty le so lu tion .

[To be continued next week]

A sm all group rep resenting the San D ie g o -V a lle jo w a lke rs raised slogans fo r u n ila te ra l d isarm am ent and an E verym an I I I voyage to the S ov ie t U n ion to pro test fu r th e r bom b tests. (T he w a lke rs fro m San Diego, m em bers o f the Com ­m ittee fo r N o n v io le n t A c tio n — W est, m isca lcu la ted the tim e of th e ir 500-m ile h ike and m ost had no t y e t a rr iv e d .) B u t tw o un id e n ­t if ie d pacifis ts , w ho m anaged to get in to the sh ipya rd and d is tr ib ­u te leafle ts , w ere p ro m p tly es­corted ou t by police.

The d ig n ity and seriousness of the protesters stood in sharp con­tra s t to the festive ho lid a y cha r­acter o f the la un ch in g ceremonies.

“ The A n d re w Jackson,” said a s ta tem ent d is tr ib u te d to a th o u ­sand onlookers, by W om en fo r Peace, “ w i l l fu n c tio n as a ro v in g launch ing pad fo r 16 P o la ris m is ­siles w ith hydrogen bom b w a r ­heads. Each m iss ile can be f ire d fro m under the sea and has a range o f 1,725 m iles. The f ir e ­pow er o f th is subm arine is e q u iv ­a len t to th a t o f a l l the bombs dropped in W o rld W ar I I . . . We fee l th a t such prepara tions do no t p ro tec t ou r lives, b u t a c tu a lly p u t us in grea te r p e r il . .

Arm y Streamlining — P res i­dent K ennedy signed a b i l l Sept. 7 to speed up the dea ling ou t o f ju s tice in the arm ed forces. The b i l l extends the pe riod o f tim e tha t a m an can be con fined w ith ­ou t a c o u rt m a rtia l fro m 14 days to 60 days. The a rm y brass e x ­pects the new reg u la tion to cut the num ber o f sum m ary co u rt m a rtia ls by 75 per cent.

Lunar Note — In a paper de­live re d to the W o rld H ea lth F o ­ru m on S yph ilis Sept. 5, P au l W. K in s ie o f the A m erican Social H ea lth Association w arned th a t i f the moon is to be kep t free of venera l disease, p ro s titu tio n m ust be ba rred there.

As Long As I t Sells Papers —The H earst newspaper cha in en­joyed a reve rsa l o f the usual sum ­m er sales s lum p las t A ugust. Said H ears t’s na tion a l ed ito r, F ra n k C o n n iff: “ I ’m ju s t as so rry as the ne x t fe llo w about M a r ily n M onroe. I lik e d and adm ired her. B u t as long as she had to do it , w h a t a break th a t she d id i t in A ugust.”

Justice — L ittle and Long D e­ferred — In an o u t-o f-c o u r t set­tlem e n t the new ow ners o f T avern on the Green, a p r iv a te restau ran t in New Y o rk ’s C en tra l P ark , pa id the C om m ittee to Secure Justice fo r M o rton Sobell $1,350. The com m ittee b ro ug h t s u it fo r com pensation fo r losses in A p r i l 1958 w hen the T ave rn canceled a com m ittee fu n d -ra is in g banquet a t the last m inu te . Pressure fo r such cance lla tion came fro m then P arks Com m issioner R obert Moses, w ho though he has proven no

lin e a l descent fro m the B ib lic a l prophet, believes he has the same o r m ore prerogatives. The com m it­tee announced th a t p a rt o f the set­tlem e n t m oney w i l l be app lied to lega l costs fo r M o rton S obe ll’s c u rre n t appeal fo r a new t r ia l or to have h is 30-year sentence set aside as illeg a l.

Police “Shoot” Unintim idated Pickets — A d ru g store in the Cape C anavera l tow n o f M e l­bourne, Fla., lends cameras w ith flash attachm ents to loca l police w ho proceed to “ shoot” the a n ti- segregation p ickets organized by the local N A A C P . A p p a re n tly the idea was th a t be ing photographed w o u ld scare the p ickets bu t they fa ile d to get the idea and swear to con tinue the p icke tin g t i l l the lunch coun te r is desegregated.

Do As I Say . . . — “ RO M E, Sept. 10 — Y oung M en s tudy ing fo r the priesthood m ust le a rn to love p o ve rty and to face w ith courage the renunc ia tions and hardsh ips o f the apostolate, Pope John X X I I I said today to a group o f s p ir itu a l d irec to rs o f sem­inaries. L a te r the Pope m oved fro m his apa rtm en t in the V a tican to a new sum m er re tre a t fo r a week o f m ed ita tion and p raye r . . . ” — F rom a New Y o rk Tim es d ispatch.

B rutality —• A recen tly released re p o rt o f the A m erican M ed ica l Associa tion states th a t each year m ore ch ild re n in th is cou n try are k il le d and seriously in ju re d by beatings adm in is tered by parents than by disease o r in auto ac­cidents.

A Legitimate Question — Thenotion , w id e ly prom oted by reac­tionaries, th a t a id to dependent ch ild re n prom otes ille g it im a c y was r id ic u le d at a Sept. 11 pu b lic hearing by M yles B. Am end, cha irm an o f the New Y o rk State B oard o f Social W e lfa re . He asked: “ W ou ld anyone seriously assert th a t a m o the r w ou ld have an ad d itiona l c h ild to ga in an added d a ily a llow ance o f a p p ro x i­m a te ly 60 cents?”

Don’t Feel Superfluous — A re ­p o rt issued last m on th by the b u s i- ness-sponsored C om m ittee fo r Econom ic Developm ent, recom ­m ending a o n e -th ird reduc tion in the U.S. fa rm popu la tion as a so lu tion to a g r ic u ltu ra l surpluses, has p re c ip ita ted a boyco tt th re a t by fa rm ers in M innesota, M is ­souri, Iow a , Kansas and Nebraska. A ffe c te d are Sears Roebuck and F o rd M o to r Co., some o f whose o ffic ia ls signed the rep o rt. The pro test began A ug . 14 w hen 150 fa rm ers v is ited the Sears b ranch in L in co ln , Neb,, and handed in th e ir m a il-o rd e r catalogues.

M en Who O ffer Kids Candy —D u rin g the la s t w eek in A ugust D om in ic L a u ria n o gave aw ay lo ts o f candy and chew ing gum to k ids around M an ha ttan ’s W est 127th St. F rom those w ho came to tru s t such a “ k in d m an,” the po lice de­tec tive gathered enough in fo rm a ­tio n to round up ten boys, ran g ­in g in age fro m seven to 14, who, he alleges, stole bicycles, tricyc les, scooters and some o ther p lay th ings fro m a storeroom .

It Was Reported in the Press

Monday, September 24, 1962 THE M IL IT A N T P a g e Seven

How the Drug Profiteers Victimize YouB y M a rv e l Scholl

M ost M ilita n t readers are fu l ly aw are o f the facts su rround ing the cu rre n t T ha lid om id e scandal w h ich b roke ove r the heads o f the d rug in d u s try w hen S h e rr i F inkb in e , young T V actress and m o the r o f fo u r hea lthy ch ild ren , announced she was seeking a legal abortion to avo id bearing a deform ed ch ild as a re su lt o f he r hav ing taken the drug.

Socia lists have a lw ays advocated socialized m ed ic ine — and th is present s itua tion is a g ra ph ic ex ­am p le o f w h y i t is so necessary th a t hum an w e lfa re be taken ou t o f the hands o f the p ro fit-seeke rs . Socialized m ed ic ine is usu a lly d is ­cussed fro m an econom ic po in t of v ie w , fo r instance, w h a t happens to the average A m erican w o rk in g - class fa m ily w hen serious illness s trikes. N ow i t is tim e to exam ine another facet o f the question. W hat k in d o f m ed ica l care is ava ilab le , even w hen you can a ffo rd it , o r can arrange c re d it to pay the b ills?

The question is so b ig, th a t in th is a rtic le o n ly one phase can be taken up — th a t phase represented b y the l i t t le w h ite p re scrip tion y o u r doctor w rites .

T he d ru g in d u s try is a vast m onopoly in th is cou n try . U n lik e in m ost o the r countries w here drugs cannot be patented and are s tr ic t ly p rice -con tro lled , in the U.S. the s ick person is a cap tive o f the d ru g tru s t. In h is in tro d u c ­tio n to the re p o rt o f the Senate a n t i- tru s t subcom m ittee, Senator Estes K e fa u v e r o f Tennessee, sub­com m ittee cha irm an , said: “ Hew ho orders does n o t buy, and he w ho buys does no t o rd e r.”

In o th e r words, the phys ic ian acts as the pu rchasing agent fo r the consum er. I f the docto r w rite s h is p re sc rip tio n us ing a brand

Weekly CalendarDETROIT

A P resentation -from th e Poems, Songs and Stories o f Bertolt Brecht b y the Debs Players. Fri., Sept. 28, 8 p.m. Dobs H a ll, 3737 W oodw ard. A usp .: F ri­day N ig h t S ocia ls t Forum.

M IN N E A P O L IS Labor Book Store "O p en House."

C o m p le te stock o f books on M arxism , Socia lism , the Labo r M ovem en t, the C uban R evo lu tion . Specia l Sales, New Books, Refreshm ents and D oo r Prize. Fri., Sept. 28, 4 p.m., 704 Hennepin Ave.

•N E W YO R K

Socialist Workers Party Election C am ­paign Rally. Richard Garza, c a n d id a te fo r G o v e rn o r w ill discuss Socialist De­mands in the 1962 Elections. B rie f re ­marks by Sylvia W einstein , c a n d id a te fo r L t. G o ve rn o r, C arl Feingold, c a n d id a te fo r U.S. S enator, Leroy M cRae, c a n d i­d a te fo r A tto rn e y G e n e ra l, and Allen Taplin, c a n d id a te fo r C o m p tro lle r . Socia l fo llow s. Sat., Sept. 22, 8:30 p.m., 116 University PI. (13 th St. near U nion Sq.). D ona tion $1, s tudents 50c.

BOSTO N. Boston Labor Forum , 295 H untington Ave., Room 200.

C H IC A G O . Socialist W orkers P arty , 302 South Canal St. Room 210. W E 9-5044. I f no answer, call H U 6-7025.

C L E V E L A N D . Eugene V . Debs H all, Room 23, 5927 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 3, Ohio. ,

D E N V E R , M ilita n t Labor Forum , 1227 C alifornia. M ain 3-0993. Foi; labor and so­cialist books In ternational Book E x ­change, 1227 California. Open 5:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. M on. through F ri.

D E TR O IT . Eugene V . Debs H all, 3737 W oodward. TEm ple 1-6135.

LOS A N G E LE S . Forum H all and M od­em Book Shop. Socialist W orkers Party, 1702 East Fourth St. A N 9-4953 or W E 5- 9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily, Sat. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

M IL W A U K E E . 150 E. Juneau Ave.M IN N E A P O L IS . Socialist W orkers Party

and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin Ave., H a ll 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 to 5 p.m ., Monday through F riday , Sat­urday, 11 a.m.-5 p.m.

name, the custom er pays th rough the nose fo r h is m edicine. He can­no t shop around fo r a be tte r p rice (o r a be tte r p ro du c t unde r its chem ica l o r generic n a m e ).

In the e a rly 1900’s a group o f young in te lle c tua ls , led by Jack London and U p ton S in c la ir, c rea t­ed such a scandal about the food in d u s try th a t they forced the gov­e rnm en t to take action. Congress passed the P ure Food and D rug A ct. B u t these law s governed m a in ly the processing o f food. I t was n o t u n t i l 1938, w hen another scandal b roke a round the f ir s t “ w onder d ru g ” — S u lfa n ila m id e — th a t law s spe c ifica lly reg u la ting drugs w ere passed.

Th is is the la w unde r w h ich the Food, D ru g and Cosm etic A d ­m in is tra tio n now operates. I t m ay have been a progressive la w when i t was passed b u t today i t is a l­m ost w orth less. F o r instance, u n ­der th is act a d ru g f irm can app ly fo r c e rtif ic a tio n o f a new drug, and i f the F D A cannot prove, w’ ith in 60 days, that, the d ru g is unsafe , i t is au to m a tica lly c e r t i­fied . There is no p rov is ion in th is la w tha t a d ru g m ust also be e f­fec tive . C e rtific a tio n can be re ­quested before research on an im als and hum ans is com pleted.

D r. Frances Kelsey, the o ther hero ic w om an in the T ha lidom ide story, was ba re ly able to p reven t the licensing o f th a t d ru g on ly by u t i l iz in g de lay ing techn ica litie s —- w r i t in g fo r “ fu r th e r in fo rm a tio n ” every tim e the 60-day l im it was in s ight. M e rre ll & Co. subjected her to heavy pressure d u rin g the 13 m onths she kep t T ha lidom ide fro m the m arke t. They com pla ined to

B y G eorge L avanR obert Soblen is now beyond

the reach o f W ash ing ton ’s ven ­geance. H is se lf-induced death cheats our governm ent o f the pleasure o f ja il in g a m an dy ing o f leukem ia.

U.S. pow er and m ig h t were stra ined and law s o f o ther coun­tr ie s w ere flo u te d to recapture h im . Is ra e li o ff ic ia ls w ere pres­sured in to b re ak ing th e ir own law s to hand h im over. B r ita in ’s e x tra d it io n tre a ty spe c ifica lly e x ­cludes espionage cases bu t th a t once haugh ty na tion obed ien tly ra ilroaded the e x tra d it io n o f im ­p e ria l W ash ing ton ’s q u a rry . Th is is said to have resu lted fro m a personal phone ca ll by P resident K ennedy to P rim e M in is te r M ac­m illa n .

Though the s igh t o f a dy in g fu g it iv e a t bay d id not move the heads o f governm ents, i t aroused p ity in no rm a l men. B u t b itte r as was Soblen’s end, th is was no t the tru e tragedy o f h is life . H is f l ig h t and death m ove one to p ity , the preceding, the rea l tra g ­edy, m ixes th a t p ity w ith con­tem pt.

The S obo lev itz ius bro thers —

N E W A R K . N ew ark Labor Forum, Box 361. N ew ark , N ew Jersey.

NEW Y O R K C IT Y . M ilita n t Labor Forum , 116 U niversity Place. A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D -B E R K E L E Y . Labor Book Shop and Socialist W orkers P arty , 563 16th St., Oakland 12, Calif. T E 6-2077. I f no answer call261-5692.

P H IL A D E L P H IA . M ilita n t Labor Forum and Socialist Workers P arty , 1303 W. G irard Ave. Lectures and discussions every Saturday, 8 p.m., followed byopen house. Call PO 3-5820.

SAN FR A NC ISC O . M ilita n t Labor Forum , V A 4-2321. For labor and so­cialist books, Spartacus Bookstore, 2331 M arke t St. U N 3-7675. Open 12 noon.

ST. LO U IS . Phone M ain 1-0969. Ask for Dick Clarke.

SA N D IE G O . San Diego Labor Forum , P.O. Box 1581. San Diego 12, Calif.

S E A TTLE , 1412 18th A ve., E A 5-0191. Lib rary , bookstore. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. Saturdays.

Sen. Estes K e fa u v e r

he r superior, w ho, h a pp ily , backed D r. Kelsey, tha t she was a “ p e tty bu rea ucra t” w ho was “ keeping them fro m the Xm as m a rke t.”

D r. K e lsey ’s predecessor, another wom an doctor, had so in fu r ia te d bo th the d rug tru s t and he r ow n boss (he said he was t ire d o f her “ destroy ing his good re la tions w ith

R obert and Jack — w ere p o lit ic a l spies fo r the GPU, S ta lin ’s secret police, inside the T ro ts k y is t m ove­m ent. Reference to them m ay be found in the tes tim ony subm itted in 1937 to the Com m ission o f In ­q u iry , headed by John Dewey, w h ich investiga ted the m onstrous fra m e -u p charges against Leon T ro ts k y in the M oscow “ Confes­sion” T ria ls .

The be tra ya l o f sincere and de­voted revo lu tio n is ts to the ja ile r , the hangm an and the professional assassin — w h ich is the a im of such spying — is p ro ba b ly the m ost despicable act o f w h ich m od­ern m an is capable. H ow m uch o f the blood o f those T ro ts k y is t leaders and m ilita n ts m urdered by S ta lin ’s gunm en in W estern Europe, was on Soblen’s hands?

The tru e tragedy o f his l i fe was tha t, ha v in g entered the re v o lu ­tio n a ry m ovem ent p resum ab ly as an honest socialist, he fe l l in to the to ils o f S ta lin ’s po lice and fro m weakness o f character tu rned in fo rm e r and be trayer.

A s S ta lin b roke and used peo­ple w ith o u t com punction, so the Ben G urions, M acm illans and Kennedys regard people as th ings to be used. In th is cou n try the c o ld -w a r propaganda m ach ine ’s insa tiab le need fo r a tom -spy cases led to the S obolevitz ius b ro th e rs ’ convictions. Jack Soble became his b ro th e r ’s p r in c ip a l accuser and showed g reat m en ta l d is ­tu rbance in co u rt — probab ly fro m m onths o f m erciless F B I g r ill in g . He has ju s t fin ished his re la t iv e ly l ig h t sentence.

A lm o s t a l l the evidence against Soblen was o f co llec ting in fo rm a ­tio n about T ro tsky is ts , Social Dem ocrats and Z ionists. T h is is obv ious ly p o lit ic a l, not m ilita ry , espionage. The prosecu tion ’s a t­tem p t to p u t in a co lo r o f m il ita ry espionage were vague, w eak and redo lent o f fram e-up . E m inen t figu res w ho w o rked in the OSS (w a rtim e O ffice o f S tra teg ic Serv­ices) departm ent in vo lve d have declared no m il ita ry in fo rm a tio n ever came there.

B u t the propaganda m achine has done its jo b and A m erican newspaper readers are convinced th a t Soblen was an “ a tom -spy.”

the d ru g in d u s try ” ) th a t she was trans fe rre d to another departm ent. She then q u it and took a non­governm ent job . The Food and D ru g A d m in is tra tio n , accord ing to her, was “ m ere ly a c lea ring house” fo r the d ru g lobby.

In 1961 Senator K e fa u ve r in ­troduced a b i l l w h ich w o u ld have corrected some o f the ev ils by t ig h te r con tro ls ove r the in d u s try . H is b i l l p rov ided tha t:

• a d ru g f irm requesting cer­t if ic a t io n o f a new d ru g prove both its safe ty and e ffica cy ;

• c e rtif ic a tio n become a fo rm a l licensing by the S ecre tary o f H ea lth , W e lfa re and Education ra th e r than a de facto clearance to se ll i f w ith in 60 days the Food and D ru g A d m in is tra tio n has no t proved the d ru g unsafe;

• the F D A be em powered to rem ove a suspected d ru g from the m arke t;

• d ru g companies be requ ired to m ake th e ir research records ava ilab le to the F D A and reg is ter the q u a lifica tio n s o f th e ir “ c lin ica l inves tiga to rs ” fo r clearance;

• d ru g companies labe l th e ir products w ith both trade names and generic names;

• d ru g com panies be re q u ire d in th e ir adve rtis ing to doctors to advise o f any bad side-e ffects a d ru g m ig h t have;

• companies be req u ire d to test a l l an tib io tics , batch by batch, and in s titu te q u a lity m a n u fa c tu rin g methods.

A cou n te rp a rt o f th is Senate b i l l was s im u ltaneous ly in troduced in the House by Rep. O rcn H a rr is (D -A rk . ) .

K e fa u v e r’s b i l l was sent to the Senate J u d ic ia ry C om m ittee w here i t was so tho ro u g h ly bu tchered th a t i t em erged a m ere shadow. The com panion b i l l in troduced by Rep. H a rr is began co llec ting dust in a pigeonhole in the House Com ­m erce Com m ittee.

The emasculated K e fa u v e r b i l l

(Continued from Page 1)fro m the recent hys te ria against Cuba and open ly declare th a t th e ir purpose in conducting the ra ids they have been m aking against Cuban ships and harbors is to p rovoke w a r between the U.S. and Cuba. Some exiles are even hope fu l th a t such an action as s in k in g a S ov ie t ship could e m b ro il the U.S. in a w a r w ith Russia,” reports the Sept. 18 W a ll Street Jou rna l.

Cuban co u n te r-re vo lu tion a rie s are now be ing a llow ed to jo in the U.S. A rm y d ire c tly fo r tra in in g together in special un its.

Reserve C a ll-U p

K ennedy ’s request fo r s tand-by a u th o r ity to ca ll up 150,000 re ­serves passed the Senate un a n im ­ously and was la te r approved by a House com m ittee w ith o u t d is­sent. There is no t a sing le voice o f fa irness o r reason, opposed to the p repa ra tion fo r c rush ing the Cuban R evo lu tion , heard in the e n tire Congress. T here is o n ly d is ­agreem ent over w hen and how i t should be crushed.

Chester Bow les, P resident K e n ­nedy ’s special adv iso r on A fr ic a n , L a tin -A m e ric a n and A sian a ffa irs , expressed the a ttitu d e o f the “ l ib ­era ls” in the a d m in is tra tio n w hen he said Sept. 16 th a t those w ho u rge im m edia te m il i ta ry action w ere engaging in fo lly , b u t th a t the y w ere “ expressing a fru s tra ­tio n w h ich a ll o f us fee l.”

Some resistance to the hyste ria appeared outside the governm ent. A n advertisem ent c a llin g fo r the U.S. to accept m ed ia tion o f d is ­putes w ith Cuba was placed in the Sept. 16 N. Y. Tim es by a group o f p ro m in e n t libe ra ls , in c lud in g : E m il Mazey, U n ited A u to W orkers secre ta ry -treasu re r; Rev. Dona ld H a rr in g to n o f N ew Y o rk ’s Com ­m u n ity C hurch ; H . S tew a rt Hughes, H a rv a rd professor and

was ready fo r the Senate f lo o r w hen the T ha lid om id e scandal broke. H a s tily the J u d ic ia ry Com ­m ittee pu lle d i t back, re invested i t w ith its fo rm e r flesh, and b ro ug h t i t o u t fo r action. On A ug . 25 i t passed the upper house unan­im ous ly . (H a lf the Senate is up fo r re -e lec tion th is fa ll .)

The H a rr is b i l l is s t i l l in the House Com m erce C om m ittee w here hearings are go ing on. Y ou can judge the k in d o f w itnesses be ing heard by the fo llo w in g quotes:

James F. Hoge, rep resenting th e P ro p rie ta ry Association (p a te n t m ed icine m anu fac tu re rs ) p ro test­ed th a t the req u ire m en t fo r “ p ro o f o f e ffica cy as w e ll as safe ty cou ld cause serious tro u b le fo r the se lf- m ed ica tion p repara tions.”

D r. R obert J. Feeney, speaking fo r the huge Chas. P fize r & Co. was w o rr ie d about w h a t in te r ­p re ta tion the F D A m ig h t p u t on the w o rd “ e ffica cy .” (W ebster de­fines it ve ry s im p ly -—- “ e ffe c tive ­ness.” )

D. L . B run e r, executive secre tary o f the A n im a l H ea lth In s titu te (the an im a l food and dru g m anu­fac tu re rs ) jo in e d w ith o the r seg­ments o f the., in d u s try in opposing “ e ffo rts tp w r ite s tr in g e n t new safeguards in to d ru g -m a k in g and d is tr ib u t io n ”

The tim e fo r Congress to ad­jo u rn is ra p id ly approaching. I f the K e fa u v e r-H a rr is b i l l is n o t re ­ported ou t fo r House action i t w i l l die w ith ad jou rnm en t. The d ru g tru s t w i l l have won ano the r v ic ­to ry .

The basic ph ilosophy o f c a p ita l­ism is caveat em p to r — “ le t the bu ye r bew are.”

U nde r socialized m edicine, w i th ­ou t th is v ic ious p ro fit-b e fo re -a ll- else m otive , m ed ica l and pha rm a­ceu tica l research cou ld f lo w e r, b r in g in g hea lth to a l l the people. I t is long overdue fo r us, as a people, to recognize th is and to do som eth ing concrete about it.

independent candidate fo r U.S. Senator in Massachusetts; H om er Jack, a leader o f the C om m ittee fo r a Sane N uc lea r P o licy ; e x - Congressman Charles O. P o rte r o f Oregon; D av id Riesman, lead ing sociologist; and N orm an Thomas.

C a rl Fe ingo ld, S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers P a rty cand idate fo r U.S. Sena­to r from New Y o rk , declared Sept.16 th a t he “ w o u ld make defense o f the Cuban re vo lu tio n a m a jo r p a rt o f m y cam paign.”

T he U n ite d N ations b u ild in g in N ew Y o rk C ity was p icketed Sept.17 b y over 500 persons p ro te s ting U.S. th rea ts against Cuba. T h e dem onstra tion was ca lled by the Fail- P la y F o r Cuba C om m ittee.

In T oron to , 150 persons unde r the auspices o f the Canadian F a ir P la y F o r Cuba Com m ittee p icke t­ed the A m e rica n Consulate and V erne l O lson, Canadian FPCC cha irm an, ca lled on the C anadian people to p ro tes t s tro n g ly an y fu r th e r U.S. moves to v io la te C uba’s sovere ignty.

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Local Directory

Soblen’s Real Tragedy

...Kennedy Cuban Policy

Page E ight th e MILITANT Monday, September 24, 1962

The danger of nuclear fa ll-out is stirring Americans to protests like these.

Monroe Finds New Way To Harass Rights Groups

M onroe, N.C., scene o f the no­to rious “ k id n a p ” fra m e -u p case s t i l l pend ing tr ia l, has passed a new ord inance.

The c ity fa the rs ordained tha t pa id o ff ic ia ls o r employes o f clubs,

"Monroe Day" in DetroitContingents in Detro it’s L a ­

bor Day parade from United Auto Workers Locals 3, 7, 235, 262 and 600 were among those carrying signs about the fram ed-up Monroe “kidnap” case. The signs had been fu rn ­ished by the Detro it chapter of the Committee to aid the Monroe Defendants.

In addition, F ord Facts, the newspaper of Ford Local 600, is serializing the story of the struggle a g a i n s t Monroe’s white-supremacists. The first lengthy installm ent appeared in the Aug. 18 issue.

Through the efforts of the C A M D chapter in Detroit over 30 churches and organizations observed “Monroe D ay” on Aug. 19, setting aside tim e in their meetings to tell the Monroe story.

associations o r unions, seeking mem bers w ith in M onroe’s lim its m ust reg is ter and be licensed.

F irs t, however, a ll such w o u ld - be so lic ito rs m ust, according to the Sept. 6 M onroe E nq u ire r, “ se­cure ap prova l fro m the ch ie f of police, a fte r show ing good m ora l character, free o f m em bersh ip in subversive organ izations and a w illingness to be fin g e r-p r in te d .”

The new ord inance is obv ious ly aim ed at c iv i l- r ig h ts organ iza­tions and unions. O ffic ia ls o f U n ­ion C ounty, o f w h ich M onroe is the seat, have long boasted “ there are no un ions in U n ion C oun ty .”

H ow ever, the re is a c iv i l- r ig h ts m ovem ent, even though the K K K - dom inated a u tho ritie s forced its leader, R obert F. W illia m s , to flee to Cuba. M oreover, the re is a de­fense m ovem ent fo r the three young m en defendants, a w a itin g t r ia l on the phony k idnap charge, and fo r M rs. Mae M a llo ry , a po­li t ic a l refugee fro m Southern “ ju s tice ,” ja ile d in Ohio, w h ile she fig h ts against e x tra d it io n to M on ­roe.

Store in Calif. Balks at Union

By M a r ia di SavioS A N FR A N C IS C O — Employees

o f Cost P lus, a San Francisco im ­p o rt store, are f ig h tin g fo r un ion recogn ition . The D epartm ent Store Em ployees U n ion Loca l 1100 and R e ta il C lerks U n ion Local 648 won a c lear m a jo r ity in the em ploye vote to un ion ize Cost P lus w o rk ­ers, b u t managem ent is re fus ing e ith e r to recognize the vote o r agree to a coun ting o f i t by a d is ­in te rested th ird pa rty .

Some w o rke rs are m a in ta in in g a ro u n d -th e -c lo ck p icke t line , bu t m ost are rem a in ing on the jo b fro m fe a r o f re ta lia tio n by m an­agement. Cost P lus seems de­te rm ined to f ig h t its employes in o rd e r to avoid pay ing them a de­cent wage scale. A n o th e r San F rancisco im p o rt store, A dk ins , re ­cen tly closed down to avo id un io n ­iza tio n . Its “ secret” plans are to re-open in f iv e m onths, s ta ffed, o f course, by no n -u n io n clerks. I t is possible Cost P lus w i l l im ita te th is move.

The Cost P lus p ickets are de­te rm ined , how ever, to w in un ion recogn ition and a un ion wage- scale com parable to th a t in the c ity ’s m a jo r stores. They have be­gun th e ir f ig h t in good sp irits .

Demand U.S. Action In Murder of Negro

G O O D M A N , Miss., Sept. 13— The S tudent N o n v io le n t Coor­d in a tin g Com m ittee today p ro ­tested the k i l l in g o f an un iden ­t if ie d Negro m an discovered here yesterday in the B ig B lack R ive r. The body was in a sack w e igh ted dow n w ith 100 pounds o f rocks.

Charles M cDew, S N C C cha irm an, w ire d A tto rn e y Gen­era l R obert F. K ennedy, “ We urge the Justice D epartm ent to im m e d ia te ly investiga te the k i l l in g o f an u n id e n tif ie d Negro man in Holm es C ounty. Please send fede ra l troops a n d /o r m arshals to he lp reconstruct M iss iss ipp i because the N az i- m inded citizens have declared open season on Negroes.”

The S tudent N o nv io le n t Co­o rd in a tin g C om m ittee, based in A tla n ta at 135 A u b u rn Ave., N.E., has been conducting a v o te r-re g is tra tio n cam paign in M ississipp i fo r a year. Several fie ld secretaries have been a r­rested, threatened, and beaten by mobs.

Though SNCC receives some funds fro m the Southern Re­g iona l C o un c il’s V o te r Educa­tion P ro ject, a d d itiona l con­tr ib u tio n s are desperately needed.

B y M a x DuncanThere is no such th in g as a

safe leve l o f rad ia tion . T h is is the w a rn in g in a re p o rt fro m the U n it ­ed N ations S c ie n tific C om m ittee on the E ffects o f A to m ic R ad ia­tion issued Sept. 10. The report, adopted unan im ously by the 15- na tion com m ittee, stated th a t re ­search had “ c le a rly established” th a t even sm all doses o f rad ia tion could g ive rise to “ a w ide va rie ty o f h a rm fu l effects, in c lu d in g can­cer, leukem ia, and in h e rite d ab­no rm a litie s .”

The com m ittee emphasized “ the need th a t a ll fo rm s o f unnecessary exposure be m in im ize d o r avoided

Strike Hits New Haven Tire Plant

B y H a rry BergenN EW H A V E N — In a p o w e rfu l

dem onstra tion o f s o lid a rity , 760 m em bers o f Loca l 93, U n ited R ub­ber W orkers, q u it w o rk here Sept. 4 in a pro test in v o lv in g a new autom ated m achine a t A rm s trong R ubber Co. A t a tu rb u le n t m eet­ing Sept. 8, the men voted, under heavy pressure fro m In te rn a tio n a l o ffic ia ls , to re tu rn to w o rk Sept. 10. L a te r in the week the com pany cap itu la ted and ended the cause o f the grievance.

The new m achine, described as a “ m onste r” by w orkers , is cap­able o f p roduc ing both tru c k tires and passenger tires. The com pany p u t passenger-tire b u ild e rs o f L a ­bor G rade 9 on the m achine, pay­ing them nine cents an hour less than the tru c k - t ire bu ilde rs who are supposed to be w o rk in g at it. The resentm ent started to p ile up on M ay 2, w hen a grievance was f ir s t f ile d .

U n d e rly in g the w o rke rs ’ anger is the th re a t o f au tom ation . They know th a t the “ m onste r” can w ipe ou t n ine types o f operations. A ltho ug h there was techn ica lly no con trac t v io la tio n by the com ­pany in in tro d u c in g it, the w o rk ­ers fea r th a t the new m achine w i l l sweep the in du s try , lo w e r ea rn ­ings, destroy labo r grades, and cause layoffs .

“Starve at Home”In the past f iv e years o r so,

A rm s tro n g R ubber has doubled p roduction . F ive years ago a s h ift produced 2,000 tires — now it p ro ­duces 4,000. Take-hom e pay fo r m any w o rkers here is now $800 to $1,000 a year less than tw o years ago as a resu lt o f b roken w o rk-w eeks. Y et com pany p ro fits are reported to have skyrocketed. The tw o m a jo r stockholders, W alsh and M ach lin , who are also com pany o ffic ia ls , earn salaries of $125,000 each, to say no th in g of th e ir d iv idends.

One m em ber at the m eeting objected to c a llin g o f f the w i ld ­cat, saying, “ I f I ’m go ing to starve, I m igh t ju s t as w e ll starve at home w h ile I ’m resting .”

Loca l 93 has a rep u ta tio n in labo r c irc les here as a m ilita n t and progressive un ion. Last year, its leadership was voted ou t 600- 200 in an election in w h ich alm ost a ll the Negro w o rkers in the p lan t expressed resentm ent o f P resident F rank Pern o ’s biased attitudes. A bo u t o n e -th ird o f the w orkers are Negro. W h ile there are c r i t i ­cisms o f the new president, Don Jew e ll, he is lik e d personally . He has processed grievances in a som ewhat be tte r fash ion than Perno. He has also co-operated in up -g ra d in g Negroes in p la n t-w id e jobs, instead o f m a in ta in in g the m ill- ro o m ghetto.

e n tire ly .” The te rm in a tio n of nuclear testing, i t stated, “ w o u ld bene fit present and fu tu re genera­tions o f m an k in d .”

A cco rd ing to the repo rt, b io log ­ical, o r sematic, damage is more lik e ly at h igh-dosage leve ls of rad ia tion . H ow ever, the rep o rt noted tha t scientists have been unable to discover any threshold fo r a “ safe” dosage.

The re p o rt was m ore em phatic on the effects o f ra d ia tio n in p ro ­duc ing he re d ita ry damage. Stress­ing evidence show ing th a t “ genetic damage occurs at the low est levels e x p e rim e n ta lly tested,” i t w en t on to state, “ i t is p ru de n t to assume tha t some genetic damage m ay fo llo w any dose o f rad ia tion , h o w ­ever sm a ll.”

W ith o u t a tte m p tin g to p inp o in t the num be r o f abnorm a lities caused by rad ia tio n in one fo rm o r another, the com m ittee po in ted ou t tha t s ix per cent o f a ll liv e - born babies have v is ib le he re d ita ry damage, and an uncounted n u m ­ber have hidden, o r recessive damage. R ad ia tion is suspected o f p la y in g a d ire c t o r in d ire c t ro le in a l l o f these abnorm a lities .

Carbon 14The rep o rt emphasized th a t “ any

increase in the am ount o f ion iz ing rad ia tio n to w h ich hum an popu la ­tions are exposed is expected to b rin g about a p ro p o rtio n a l in ­crease in the frequency o f m u ta ­tions.”

The 442-page report, the second issued by the com m ittee, gives new emphasis to the ro le o f Carbon 14, a p r in c ip a l e lem ent in fa llo u t, in causing h e re d ita ry a b n o rm a li­ties. C oncentrations o f Carbon 14 have risen 25 per cent above the

n a tu ra l incidence as a resu lt o f nuclear testing. R ad ia tion fro m th is source w i l l lin g e r fo r m ore than 20,000 years because o f its e x tre m e ly low leve l o f absorp tion.

The com m ittee a ttem pted to take the edge o f f its fin d in g s by m a k ­ing a po in t o f th e ir “ te n ta tiv e " na tu re and the need fo r fu r th e r research. P roponents o f testing can be expected to seize upon th is s lim open ing to m in im ize the c lear dangers the re p o rt portrays.

W ashington s im ila r ly m in im ize d the dangers invo lve d in its 200- m ile -h ig h nuc lear exp los ion over Johnson Is land on J u ly 9. In the face o f s trong w arn ings by B r it is h scientists tha t the test cou ld have serious effects, p a r t ic u la r ly in re ­la tio n to the Van A lle n B e lt, a n a tu ra l b e lt o f rad ioac tive partic les w h ich pe rm anen tly encirc les the earth , the U.S. w e n t ahead w ith the test.

C o n tra ry to Pentagon expecta­tions, the exp los ion knocked out transm issions fro m tw o U.S. sa te l­lite s and one B r it is h sa te llite , and created a new be lt o f ra d ia tio n e x ­tend ing to w ith in 200 m iles o f the e a rth ’s surface.. The A t o m i c Energy Com m ission now reports th a t th is con tam ina tion , w h ich was expected to d isappear w ith in a few weeks, w i l l last fo r m any years a t h igh a ltitudes.

The unexpected resu lts have forced the U. S. to revise its sched­ule o f nuc lear tests and to de lay the launch ing o f several sate llites.

“ You can o n ly pro tect y o u r l ib ­e rties in th is w o rld by p ro tec ting the o ther m an’s freedom . You can on ly be free i f I am free .” — Clarence S. D a rro w (1857-1938)

Teacher Fired for Views To Appeal Court Decision

LO S A N G E LE S — A tto rn e ys fo r W ende ll P h illip s announced th a t they w i l l appeal the Sept. 12 decision o f S uperio r C o u rt Judge K . C. D avis upho ld ing the d ism issal o f the F u lle r to n (C a l.) J u n io r College w e ld in g in s tru c to r. P h illip s was discharged fro m his teaching jo b last Jan. 15 “ fo r unpro fessional con­d u c t” unde r the D ilw o r th A c t fo r ¡fpffre fus ing to in fo rm against his fo r ­m er p o lit ic a l associates o f the C om m unis t P arty .

A t the school board hearing P h illip s answered a ll questions concern ing h im se lf and his past and present p o lit ic a l a c tiv itie s and opin ions. B u t he d rew the lin e on nam ing any past o r present p o lit ­ica l associates.

He adm itted be longing to the C om m unis t P a rty u n t il 1951 and a ttem p ting to re jo in in 1957, a fte r K h ru shch ev ’s reve la tions on the crim es o f S ta lin , in o rd e r to re ­fo rm the p a rty a long dem ocra tic lines. The p a rty denied h im read­m ission. He la te r jo ine d the So­c ia lis t W orkers P a rty to w h ich he presen tly belongs.

P h illip s contends th a t the ques­tions designed to com pel h im to become an in fo rm e r go beyond the provis ions o f the D ilw o r th Act, are repugnant to his p rinc ip les , to the tra d itio n s o f freedom o f con­science and to the r ig h t o f m in o r i­ties.

T he recent n a tion a l convention o f the A m erican Federation of Teachers, A F L -C IO , assailed C a li­fo rn ia ’s D ilw o r th A ct, under w h ich P h illip s was fire d , fo r pena liz ing teachers “ w ho refused to in fo rm on the p o lit ic a l be lie fs o f th e ir colleagues.”

O ver 140 academic figu res in 40 in s titu tio n s o f lea rn ing fro m U C L A to H a rva rd have sponsored the W ende ll P h illip s Academ ic F reedom C om m ittee on the ground th a t a cou rt v ic to ry in h is case could establish the r ig h t no t to in -

W e n d e ll P h illip s

fo rm as a s ig n if ic a n t p r in c ip le of co n s titu tio n a l law . P rom inen t among them is D r. E. U. Condon, fo rm e r cha irm an o f the A m erican Association fo r the Advancem ent o f Science and N obe l-P rize w in ­ner L inu s Pau ling .

S ta rtin g Oct. 3, P h illip s w i l l go on a three-rr>pnth na tiona l speak­ing tou r d u rin g w h ich he w i l l address college audiences from A rizona to Massachusetts.

“ No less im p o rta n t than m y f ig h t fo r ju s tice in the courts is the hearing I expect to get fro m the academic com m u n ity and the frie n d s o f freedom on the v ita l issues in m y case,” said P h illip s .

No Safe Radiation Level Declares UN Committee