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1The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)
Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO.
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© FAO 2011
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension (OEK) Research and Extension Branch (OEKR)
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)
Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
2 Communication: a Key to Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security
Communication: a key to Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security
Nowadays, compelling issues such as climate change,
natural resource management and food security require
multidisciplinary approaches, multi-stakeholder action and
a process of social learning for adaptive livelihoods. This
results in an increasing demand for knowledge, information
sharing and participation that requires the use of strategic
communication activities.
1
The systematic design and use of participatory communication methods,
media and tools is key to dealing with emerging challenges ensuring
information, dialogue, and concerted action towards development.
Communication for Development (ComDev), is an approach that combines
participatory communication methods and tools ranging from community
media to information and communication technologies (ICTs). ComDev
approaches also enable effective responses to the new development
challenges in the agricultural and rural development sector. These
communication initiatives help to facilitate dialogue and collaborative change
by bringing together institutions and communities enabling horizontal
communication among peers.
Communication for Development processes and media allow sharing
information and knowledge among stakeholders in a particular agro-
ecological context, to enhance people’s resilience and improve their
livelihood options when coping with climate change, sustainable natural
resource management and disaster risk reduction.
FAO is presently supporting development institutions and field programmes
in the design and implementation of ComDev projects, strategies and tools
in support of adaptation to climate change, sustainable natural resource
management and disaster risk reduction in Africa, Latin America, Asia and
the Caribbean Region.
The increasing demand for assistance in applying communication processes,
social media and ICTs to these new challenges, together with the need for
more inclusive and people oriented approaches, emphasise the need for
ComDev to be at the centre of the development agenda.
4
2 The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)
In 2008, FAO and the Italian Ministry for the Environment
and Territory jointly launched the Communication for
Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI), an inter-regional
project aimed at promoting Communication for Development
(ComDev) as a means to improve climate change adaptation
(CCA), sustainable natural resource management (NRM) and
food security (FS).
Communication: a key to Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security
5The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
The overall objective of the CSDI project is to develop, test and implement
communication strategies, services and tools to support sound environmental
practices for sustainable rural development.
The expected outcomes are: > innovative applications of ComDev strategies, tools and services for
sustainable NRM and rural development in selected countries; and > improved capacities and partnerships in communication for sustainable
NRM both at the national and international levels.
Special attention is given to the applications of ComDev activities to climate
change adaptation in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors.
CSDI aims at strengthening and up-scaling decentralized environmental
communication services in support of CCA, NRM and rural development
programmes in selected countries and making the results available at
the international level. Special attention is also given to enhancing rural
knowledge institutions” capacities in ComDev.
6 The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)
At the global level, the project focuses on the documentation and
systematization of ComDev methods and good practices. This is achieved
through knowledge sharing platforms, virtual consultations and publications,
which aim to improve the capacity of ComDev practitioners and development
institutions by facilitating dialogue and collaboration.
At the field level, CSDI has developed ComDev strategies in pilot areas of
Bolivia, Congo DR, and Jamaica. Furthermore, assistance is also provided to
selected projects upon request (e.g. Bangladesh, Dominica, Haiti).
The project includes a coordination unit based in FAO-Rome, a network of
collaborating institutions and a team of communication specialists that act
as focal points in the selected countries.
Main project stakeholders are national research and extension services,
communication centers and networks, development programmes and
institutions, NGOs, farmers, indigenous peoples organizations, rural
communities and grass-roots organizations in developing countries.
7
3 CSDIin Action
The project implementation strategy at the global and field
level includes three main components:
> knowledge sharing,
> capacity strengthening and networking
> technical assistance.
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
Knowledge sharing on ComDev methods and tools for CCA and FSExperiences and lessons about the use of ComDev methods and tools in
climate change adaptation, food security and other relevant fields (such as
natural resource management and disaster risk management) are being
systematized, and made available at the international level through reports,
publications, multimedia and training materials.
Capacity strengthening and networking Technical advice, training and networking are promoted to support
rural institutions and people in using ComDev and integrating it in their
development agenda. A series of ComDev knowledge networks and
communities of practice are being strengthened in different regions to
allow information sharing and cooperation among institutions, NGOs,
Communication practitioners and networks.
Technical assistance to pilot countries and field projectsCSDI activities in the field concentrate on the following communication
strategies and plans:
> Bangladesh: Communication Action Plan for livelihood adaptation to
climate change; > Bolivia: National Communication Plan for agricultural innovation and
community-based adaptation to climate change; > Caribbean: Regional Communication Action Plan for adaptation to climate
change and disaster risk management; > Democratic Republic of Congo: Communication Action Plan for agricultural
technology innovation and climate change adaptation.
9
4 Activities and Results
Knowledge Sharing in ComDev
CSDI knowledge sharing activities focus on documenting and disseminating
lessons learned and good practices on the use of ComDev methods and tools,
based on field projects. This is being achieved through:
> The production and publication of technical papers, case studies and
reports, as well as manuals and training materials that are made available
at the international level. > Organising and participating in international conferences, seminars and
events addressing Communication for Development, climate change, food
security and related issues (e.g. a workshop on ComDev for NRM and CCA
organized during the 3rd international Conference on Community-Based
Adaptation (CBA) to climate change, Dhaka 2009). > The use of a project website (www.csdinitiative.org) and other outreach
and social networking tools such as blogs, newsletters, Twitter, Facebook,
You Tube, and Flickr for disseminating and sharing information about
project documents, field activities, achievements and key events. The
CSDI newsletter is issued bi-monthly and distributed to over 1000 email
subscribers. It is also available in the CSDI web repository, from where all
project publications and resources can be downloaded. At the same time
CSDI is promoting a series of platforms and learning initiatives as part of
its capacity strengthening activities.
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
Capacity Strengthening and Networking
CSDI has successfully found new ways to strengthen the capacities of
national institutions, NGOs and communication practitioners to increase
the effectiveness of supporting local communities through the use of
participatory ComDev approaches. The positive outcomes from pilot
projects in rural areas of Congo, Caribbean, Bangladesh and Latin America
demonstrate that sharing knowledge on good practices, enhancing local
capacities in ComDev and fostering horizontal collaboration are key factors
for the success of development initiatives. In this context, CSDI has been
promoting networking and training initiatives at the global and field levels
aimed at consolidating local partnerships and reinforcing capacities in the
design and implementation of ComDev strategies and activities.
ComDev methods are used by the project to help achieve successful local
adaptation to climate variability and change. This requires well planned,
interrelated short and long-term measures, most of which are considered
“knowledge intensive” and involve negotiating and prioritizing difficult decisions.
In order to identify the most appropriate livelihood options in different
agro-ecological contexts, adaptation practices must engage and fully involve
local communities in the decision-making and implementation process.
This is achieved through participatory communication and dialogue using a
range of methods such as demonstrations, orientation meetings, field days,
workshops, farmer field schools (FFS), ICTs and more “conventional” media
(radio, TV, drama etc).
Supporting participatory communication processes often stretches the
“adaptive-response” capabilities of research institutions, extension services
and producer organizations requiring new communication and mediation
skills. Capacity building efforts are therefore essential to support these
institutions to help small farmers face new environmental and development
challenges and learn from each other.
10 Activities and Results
11The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
12 Knowledge and communication in natural resource management, climate change and food security
ComDev PlatformsCSDI promotes regional and thematic platforms on ComDev, in collaboration
with local institutions and specialized communication networks. These
platforms aim to:
> facilitate the sharing of knowledge and learning in the application of
ComDev to CCA, NRM and FS; > advocate for ComDev and promote linkages between communication
research and field activities; > foster cooperation among different stakeholders involved in community-
based adaptation.
13
CSDI provides support to the following ComDev platforms:
Caribbean ComDev Platform
In collaboration with CARIMAC (Caribbean Centre of Media and
Communication) CDSI has developed a web-based knowledge sharing
platform to make available best practices in the Caribbean region, with a
particular focus on ComDev applications to climate change adaptation and
disaster risk management
Onda Rural
A collaborative effort initiated by FAO with ALER (Asociación Latinoamericana
de Educación Radiofónica) and AMARC (Asociación Mundial de Radio
Comunitaria), Onda Rural fosters cooperation between community rural
radio stations, local networks, development institutions and projects to
facilitate access to information for the rural population in Latin America.
The platform promotes the combined use of ComDev and rural radio as a
tool for development, and has been supporting communication campaigns
throughout the region.
Plataforma de comunicación y desarrollo de los pueblos indígenas
Managed by CIDOB (Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia) in
Bolivia, the platform is dedicated to communication specialists, institutions,
national organisations and international bodies who are involved in
communication and development activities focusing on indigenous peoples”
self-determination and development.
ComDev Platform in the Near East
In collaboration with the American University of Beirut, CSDI supports a
ComDev platform in the Near East to offer a space for practitioners in the
region to share experiences and access ComDev publications and resources.
CSDI is currently working with the College of Development Communication
(CDC) of the University of Los Baños in the Philippines, that will host and
facilitate virtual exchanges on a regional platform in Asia, with a focus on
ComDev as applied to NRM, CCA and food security.
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
14 Knowledge and communication in natural resource management, climate change and food security
Technical Assistance to countries and field projects
The CSDI project has been working intensively at the field level, implementing
three pilot components in Bolivia, Congo DR and Jamaica. Further assistance
has also been provided to the design of communication strategies and
projects in Bangladesh.
The project provides two types of technical assistance:
> to FAO member countries and national institutions in the 3 selected
countries for the implementation of national ComDev strategies and plans; > to relevant projects, local institutions, extension services, NGOs, farmers
and indigenous peoples groups upon request.
The CSDI is supporting the application of ComDev to natural resources
management and climate change in selected countries focusing on:
> strengthening the capacities of local institutions, extension systems,
NGOs and other service providers in planning and implementation of
communication strategies and services; > assessing the institutional linkages required to mainstream communication
approaches and services into environmental and development policies; > developing a model for a broader application of ComDev practices to other
contexts.
15The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
Bolivia
Bolivia is a pioneer country in ComDev and FAO has been supporting
communication initiatives at the national level over the last two decades.
Since 2008 the CSDI project has supported the National Communication
for Development Plan in collaboration with the Bolivian Ministry of Rural
Development and Land (MDRyT) and the National Institute for Innovation in
Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry (INIAF) in the design and implementation
of communication systems and services for agricultural innovation and rural
development at the local and national levels.
At the national level the work of CSDI includes communication support in
communication to national agricultural policies and projects.
At the local level, CSDI has been using ComDev methods to design and
implement Local Innovation and Communication Plans (PLICs in Spanish)
to support agricultural development and NRM. PLICs are the result of
community consultations and the use of different communication processes
and tools directly managed by farmers and rural communities.
CSDI activities in Bolivia include the implementation of a series of PLICs for
Innovation in three pilot areas: the municipalities of Yapacani, Yacuiba and
Chiquitania.
16
There are three phases to this work: > Communication Appraisals: The participatory rural communication
appraisal method is used to facilitate knowledge exchange among local
stakeholders. This enables the identification of problems, solutions
and activities that can foster local innovation, capacity building and
communication strategies. > Planning: Based on the results and the priorities emerged from the
appraisals, CSDI facilitates the planning of long-term local programs and
communication strategies. > Implementation: The program is then implemented through Local
Innovation and Communication Plans (PLICs) and through the production
and use of multimedia training and communication materials.
The PLICs are the result of community consultations and participatory
processes, and include the use of different communication resources such
as videos, radio programmes, printed materials and training activities.
The PLICs are developed within the framework of “Espacios Locales de
Concertación”, which are venues for dialogue, negotiation of communication
activities and informed decision making. Local stakeholders participate in
the process, including organizations for farmers and small-scale producers,
NGOs, local governments and community media.
During the planning phase, topics are identified based on the outcome of the
participatory communication appraisals. The following priority topics have
been selected for the PLICs: pasture management for dairy cattle (Yapacani);
direct sowing (Yacuiba); water harvesting for diversified crops (Chiquitania)
and forage conservation (at the national level). At the same time, training
is being provided to development agents and community leaders in
using communication methodologies such as audiovisual pedagogy,
communication and knowledge modules (“Módulos de Capacitación y
Comunicación - MCC)”, multimedia information and other communication
tools including videos, brochures, guidelines and audio. These materials
support a two-way learning process and facilite dialogue between technical
expertise and local knowledge.
Activities and Results
The pilot projects are currently in an advanced stage of implementation. More
than 100 small-scale producers, as well as extension workers, technicians
and local promoters have been trained in audiovisual methodology and the
use of MCC to address priority topics.
Democratic Republic of Congo
As a country emerging from conflict, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
faces institutional constraints which hamper agricultural development. Many
agricultural policies and programmes adopted earlier were abandoned or
only partially implemented, due to lack of resources, low involvement of local
populations and weak institutional capacity.
For the last two years, CSDI has worked in collaboration with the FAO
project “Rehabilitation Programme of the National Agricultural and
Forestry Research System of the Democratic Republic of Congo” to design
and implement a communication component in support of agricultural
and forestry research and extension activities. Following an assessment
survey in the District of Cataracts in the Bas-Congo, the project designed a
Communication Action Plan aimed at identifying actors, beneficiaries and
media for the dissemination of messages on cassava and agro-forestry
innovative technologies. These areas of focus had been previously identified by
researchers and stakeholders through participatory activities. Furthermore,
the project trained the operators of Radio Ntemo and Radio Vu Vu Kieto, in the
pilot zone of Bas Congo, on ComDev approaches to enable them to collect and
disseminate local experience and traditional knowledge.
18
CSDI has since begun to work in the DRC concentrating on rural radio
stations as they address community issues in local languages. The following
priority areas of work were identified: > training of technical staff and journalists on participatory communication
appraisal in order to better understand the needs of farmers; > training in communication planning to appropriately disseminate messages; > improving broadcasting activities to ensure effective communication with
rural populations; > development of new communication programmes on climate change, food
security, agroforestry and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
At the institutional level, CSDI is currently collaborating with the Institut
National pour lӃtude et la Recherche Agronomique (INERA) and the
Ministries of Agriculture, Research and Rural Development in the field of
communication for food security and climate change and to support national
research and extension systems in the country. A Letter of Agreement has
been signed with the Institut Facultaire des Sciences de l”Information et de
la Communication (IFASIC) to carry out a ComDev analysis at institutional
and local level with a view for a consolidation of the project that will include
the preparation of a training module for rural radio operators in collaboration
with the World association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC). In
this context particular attention will be paid to gender-related issues and to
this end, collaboration will be developed with the FAO Dimitra project.
Caribbean Region
In the Caribbean, CSDI provides technical assistance in ComDev mainly to
FAO projects focusing on community-based climate change adaptation, food
security and disaster risk reduction. Institutions are using ComDev methods
and tools, such as participatory video, ICTs, radio and other community
media to promote agricultural practices (e.g. establishing backyard gardens
and organic farms) that are helping to improve not only household health
and nutrition, but also their food security. Regional activities are being
implemented in collaboration with the Caribbean Centre of Media and
Communication (CARIMAC) of the University of West Indies.
Activities and Results
19The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
Jamaica
In Jamaica, CSDI designed a unique professional development programme
in ComDev for the Rural Agricultural Development Authority”s (RADA)
agricultural extension officers within the Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries. A set of modules are being delivered covering a wide range of
ComDev skills and methodologies, from participatory rural communication
appraisal (PRCA) to audience research, instructional video production,
scripting, camera skills and editing.
The CSDI also supports the FAO project “National Disaster Preparedness and
Emergency Response Plan for the Agriculture Sector” that has been working
to help Jamaica develop an Agricultural Disaster Risk Management (ADRM)
plan and to identify a number of best practices and mitigation measures for
farmers to minimize the impact of climate change. CSDI provided assistance
for the development of a multi-media tech-pack on DRR best practices to
reach less literate farming populations.
Similarly, it supports the “Master Gardener Programme of the EU-FAO Food
Facility” on the production of audio-visual packages to help the “Master
Gardners” trained in backyard gardening technologies to instruct others on
how to create successful and profitable kitchen gardens. Moreover, under
20 Knowledge and communication in natural resource management, climate change and food security
the above-mentioned EU-FAO food security programme, CSDI assisted the
Jamaica Organic Agriculture Movement (JOAM) to develop a comprehensive
tech pack on organic techniques for small farmers. The videos produced will
also be packaged as instructional web clips that can be downloaded from
JOAM”s website by organic producers as they learn.
St Lucia and Dominica
In the context of the Caribbean component implemented by CARIMAC, CSDI
provided assistance to ComDev activities in St. Lucia and Dominica. In St Lucia,
the CSDI-Caribbean program supported the development of a communication
strategy under the FAO project “Enhanced Capacities for Disaster Risk
Mitigation in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry” in collaboration with the
Ministry of Land, Forestry and Fisheries (MALFF). This includes the application
of ComDev approaches to promote community-based adaptation practices for
mitigation of climate-related disasters, building on farmers” own innovations.
21
A tech pack consisting of a training video and illustrated brochures will
enable the results of successful practices to be disseminated through pre-
existing farmer communication networks.
Similarly, a ComDev strategy is being developed to support the FAO Technical
Assistance project on “Improving Disaster Risk Mitigation Capacities in the
Agricultural Sector” in Dominica.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has already implemented several ComDev initiatives using rural
radio and other media (e.g. cell phones) to support agriculture production,
socio-economic growth and awareness-raising for disaster preparedness
and risk reduction. CSDI work in Bangladesh mainly consists of providing
technical assistance to integrate ComDev methods and tools in agricultural
development programmes aimed at improving rural livelihoods and
addressing major challenges related to food security, access to markets and
the effects of climate change.
CSDI assisted the FAO project “Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change” that
has been working in close cooperation with the Department of Agricultural
Extension (part of the Ministry of Agriculture) since 2007. The focus of
CSDI assistance was to enhance adaptive capacities of local communities
in drought and flood prone areas of the country. The result was an ad-
hoc Communication Strategy and Action Plan focused on strengthening
institutional capacities in ComDev and promoting participatory learning for
community-based adaptation to climate change.
CSDI has also assisted the Government of Bangladesh in the design of
a two-year FAO Technical Cooperation Programme: “Enhancing Rural
Communication Services for Agricultural Development through Rural
Radio”. The project focuses on improving knowledge and information sharing
through the implementation of community-based radio in the South-Western
coastal areas.
The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
22 The Way Forward
5 The Way Forward
Through the work of CSDI, it has become evident that ComDev
approaches are essential to cope with climate change,
strengthen food security and manage natural resources in a
sustainable way.
23The Communication for Sustainable Development Initiative (CSDI)Communication Efforts for Collaborative Change
However, there is still a need to develop a strategic framework to foster the
institutionalization of ComDev within national agricultural and NRM policies
at the country level. It is necessary to assess how knowledge institutions
currently address climate change, NRM and food security in their work with
rural communities and then determine how best ComDev can help build their
capacity to carry out the following activities:
> participatory research and horizontal knowledge sharing; > improving advisory services for technology innovation; > supporting climate change adaptation and disaster risk management; > linking global environment information, local knowledge and communities; > creating policy dialogue between institutions and small farmers.
The next step for CSDI is to scale up and mainstream the most successful
strategies and services tested in the pilot projects. The intention is that
these processes can be consolidated and sustained as part of national
rural development policies. To this end, the implementation of regional
communication networks and platforms can be of great help in improving
the knowledge base of local institutions and practitioners while enhancing
their collaboration for the application of ComDev.
In order to draw lessons and identify the most successful strategies
from the CSDI pilot projects, a participatory stocktaking exercise is being
carried out with the active involvement of different project stakeholders
from the local to the global level. This exercise involves participants from
national institutions, farmers” organizations and communication networks.
The preliminary results of stocktaking exercise, encourage an in-depth
assessment of the CSDI outcomes at the global and field level.
Ultimately, the CSDI experience seeks to demonstrate the positive impact
of ComDev approaches on stakeholder participation, mutual dialogue and
decision-making. It underlines the need for ComDev as part of agricultural
and rural development initiatives, particularly when it comes to facing
issues that impact people”s life such as climate change. It makes evident
the role of communication for ensuring that the most vulnerable groups
are empowered to make their voices heard and to improve their livelihoods.
Printed in Italy on ecological paper - September 2011Design and layout: Pietro Bartoleschi and Arianna Guida (studio@bartoleschi.com)
PhOTO CReDITS
Cover: ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaInternal Cover (from left to right): ©FAO/S. Cespoli, ©FAO/S. CespoliPage 2: ©FAO/LACC projectPage 3 (from left to right): ©FAO/LACC project, ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 4: ©FAO/G. PedonePage 5: ©FAO/F. MatteoliPage 6: ©FAO/S. SalaPage 7: ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 8: ©FAO/F. Matteoli, ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 11: ©FAO/S. Cespoli, ©FAO/S. CespoliPage 12: ©FAO/F. Matteoli,©FAO/S. Singh, ©FAO/F. Matteoli, ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 14: ©FAO/F. Matteoli, ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 15: ©FAO/ICDS Bolivia, ©FAO/ICDS BoliviaPage 17: ©FAO/F. Matteoli, ©FAO/F. MatteoliPage 19: ©FAO/CSDI CaribbeanPage 20: ©FAO/G. NapolitanoPage 22: ©FAO/S. CespoliThis page (from left to right): ©FAO/ICDS Bolivia, ©FAO/K.Pratt, ©FAO/S. Cespoli, ©FAO/S.CespoliBackcover: ©FAO/R. Gavazzi
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
www.fao.org
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension (OEK)Research and Extension Branch (OEKR)
Communication forSustainable DevelopmentInitiative
CSDI Partners> Agricultural Information Service, Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) - Bangladesh> Caribbean Centre of Media and Communication (CARIMAC), University of West Indies - Jamaica > College of Development Communication (CDC), University of Los Baños - Philippines > Institute Facultaire des Sciences de l”Information et de la Communication (IFASIC),
University of Kinshasa - DR Congo > Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal (INIAF) - Bolivia> Onda Rural http://onda-rural.net/
CSDI Core TeamMario Acunzo, Lead Technical Officer Mario.acunzo@fao.org Federica Matteoli, Programme Assistant Federica.matteoli@fao.org Marzia Pafumi, Research Assistant Marzia.pafumi@fao.org Vanessa Vertiz, Assistant for Latin America Vanessa.vertiz@fao.org For further informationCSDI@fao.orghttp://www.csdinitiative.org
Related sites http://csdi.carimac.comhttp://www.plataformaindigena.orghttp://www.comunicacionparaeldesarrollo.org
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