the cold war abroad

Vs.

The United States The Soviet Union

Post World War II Plans• Yalta Meeting (Feb. 1945): • European nations to be democratic, United Nations created

Post World War II Plans

• Potsdam conference (July 1945): • Germany divided into 4 zones (USA, S.U., G.B., France)

Iron Curtain• Stalin wanted barrier around S.U.

• Eastern European nations communist, controlled by Soviets

“Satellite states”

“From Stettin in the North to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe.”

Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech

Containment Policy

U.S. foreign policy that sought to prevent the spread of Soviet communism

George Kennan – creator of theContainment policy

Truman supported withTruman Doctrine!

Truman Doctrine (1947)• Response to communist takeover attempt in Greece• Truman gives economic aid to countries fighting communism• $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey

Controversial example of containment

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)• Europe needed to be rebuilt after WWII

Dresden, GermanyLondon, England

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)• Sec. of State George Marshall--give friendly aid• economic recovery was necessary for world peace

West Germanadvertisement

The free trainof the Marshall Plan

MarshallPlan

$12.5 billion

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)

• S.U. and Eastern countries refuse aid

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Berlin also divided into 4 zones • Soviet zone weak, others prospered and cooperated

Marshall Plan and West Berlin

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• East Berliners could see difference and left • Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop this

Soviets closed Berlin’s railway lines, canals, roads. W. Berlin had 36 days of supplies.

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Allies airlift supplies until blockade ended

Lasted 11 months!

“Operation Vittles”

Every ten minutes a plane took off with supplies for West Berlin.327 days 277,000 flights 2.5 million tons of supplies

NATO (1949) and Warsaw Pact• defensive military alliance created • called North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Warsaw Pact created in response (S.U.and E. Europe)

Nuclear Arms Race• 1949--Soviet Union achieves A-bomb

Russian ScientistKurchatov“Joe -1” Russian A-bomb

Nuclear Arms Race• U.S. quadruples defense spending • 1952--U.S. invents Hydrogen "super" bomb

H-BombTest

Fireball 3 miles

18 mths. laterSoviets have it

New Leaders

1952 Eisenhower elected1953 Stalin dies; Nikita Kruschev takes

overNuclear deterrence begins (don’t want

WWIII)

Eisenhower Kruschev

Metacognition Statement:

I know that I know something about Cold War events.

First,

In addition,

Finally,

Now you know something that I know about Cold War events.