the civil war on the home front

• FromtheTexasAlmanac2012–2013

Social StudieS teKS

4 - 4, 6

7 - 1, 5, 11, 17

8 - 7, 8, 11, 22

4, 7 - Writing - 1, 2, 3

4, 7, 8 - Reading - 1, 2, 3

8 - Social Studies - 1, 2, 3

InstructIonal suggestIons

1. crossWorD PuZZle: Students will use the article “The Civil War on the Home Front” on pages 26–33 of the Texas Almanac 2012–2013 or the online article:

http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/civil-war-home-front

TheywillanswerthecrosswordcluesandfinishthepuzzleontheStudent Activity Sheets.

2. guIDeD reaDIng: Students will use the article “The Civil War on the Home Front” to answer the questions on the Guided Reading Student Activity Sheets.

3. tIMelIne: StudentswillfillinthetimelinefortheeventsofTexassecessionandidentifysitesofmajorbattlesinTexasonthemapontheStudent Activity Sheet.

4. creatIng PrIMarY sources: Students will create newspaper articlesinrivalpublications:one for a pro-Confederate paper calling for soldiers; and the second for a pro-Union paper calling forsupportoftheGermansandotherUnionistsinTexas.

5. War arounD tHe rooM: Makeyourclassroom(oroutdoorarea,ifavailable)intoa moving map of Texas.UsethesignsandassignmentpiecesonthenineStudent Activity Sheets in this lessonandhaveyourstudentswalkthroughtheeventsoftheCivilWarthattookplaceinTexas.

Location signscanbehungfromtheceilingoronwalls,andpeople cardscanbepassedoutasstudentsentertheclassroom.Peoplecardsshouldbepassedoutfirst(withgenericcards,suchas“GermanUnionist,”fillinginasnumbersrequire).Eachstudentshouldcomeupwithabriefstatementfortheirpersonwheneachcomesup.

TheteachercanthendirectthestudentsthroughthewarinTexasbyaddingintheothereventsgoingonoutsideofTexas,suchas,“YoufindoutthatFortSumterfellbackonApril12th....”

Toenhancetheactivity,youcanevenperformitin“realtime”byhavingeachmonthofthewarbe30seconds(electioninNovember1860toJuneteenthinJune1865wouldaddupto27.5minutes).Duringthe“deadtime,”theteacherornarratorcanfillinwithwhatelsewasgoingoninthewar.

Civil War on the Home Front

SPECIAL LESSon 10TEXAS ALMANAC TEACHERS GUIDE

Special Lesson 10 — Civil War on the Home FrontS T U D E N T a c T i v i T y

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Civil War Crossword Puzzle

TheUnionshiptheWestfieldexplodesinGalvestonBayin1863.EngravingcourtesyoftheLibraryofCongress.

across clues

1. WhichwasthefirststatetosecedefromtheUnion?_______________________(2 words)

3. The group that threatened Texans safety that no other state had to deal with during the CivilWar:_____________________________________________________________________

5. The group of people that faced violence because of their opposition to slavery and the Confederacy:__________________________________________________________________

6. The capture of this port for three months of the war was a temporary blow for Texas blockade-runners:______________________________________________________________

13.OneoftwoareasofTexaswherepro-UnionsentimentexistedduringtheCivilWar: (2 words) ______________________________________________________________________

14. The site of the last battle of the Civil War in Texas: (2 words) _________________________

DoWn clues

1. Texaswasthe________________________________________statetojointheConfederacy.

2. Thewarbeganwiththeattackon________________________onApril12,1861.(2 words)

4. TheU.S.ArmyGeneralwhosurrenderedTexas’commandandartillerybyorderoftheCommitteeofPublicSafety:__________________________(first, last, and middle initial)

7. OneoftwoareasofTexaswherepro-UnionsentimentexistedduringtheCivilWar.__________________________________________________________________________ (2 words)

8. ThebattlewhereDickDowling’smostlyIrishguardwithstoodtheattackingUnionforces.________________________________________________________________(2 words)

9. ThisdidnotrecoverfromtheCivilWaruntilWorldWarII._________________________

10.TheTexasUnionistwhohadservedinthearmyandbecamegovernorduringReconstruction._____________________________________ (first, last, and middle initial)

11.ThissoldierwasthefirstTexas-bornrecipientoftheMedalofHonor. _____________________________________________________ (first, last, and middle initial)

12.TheU.S.GeneralwhodeliverednewsoftheEmancipationProclamationinGalveston.____________________________________________________________ (first and last names)

15.___________________________________istheplacewhereConfederateGen.RobertE.LeesurrenderedtoUnionGen.UlyssesS.Grant.

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Civil War Crossword Puzzle

ChildrenplayonaCivilWar–eracannononthegroundsoftheTexasStateCapitolinAustin.PhotobyElizabethCruceAlvarez.

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Civil War Guided Reading1. BasedonthequotesfromW.D.McDonald,whatwasthereasonthatmostSouthernerswere

fighting?

2. ThearticlereferstotheimpendingCivilWarasa“fratricidalwar.”UsingthecontextofwhatyouknowoftheCivilWarandbyanalyzingthepartsoftheword,howcouldwedefinefratricidal?

3. DescribetheprocessinvolvedinTexas’secessionfromtheUnionanddeviseavisualrepresentationofthatprocess,suchasatimeline,toshowit.

4. BasedonPresidentLincoln’swordsandactionstowardtheSouth,howdidheviewit?

5. What ethnic group faced hatred and discrimination during the war because they did not supporttheConfederacy?

6. Usingthemap,inwhatpartofthestatedidmostofthesepeoplelive?

7. Usingcontextcluesfromthesurroundingparagraph(topofpage27),whatdoesthewordconscriptionmean?

ACivilWarre-enactmentisconductedatDallasHeritageVillageinOldCityPark.PhotocourtesyofDallasHeritageVillage.

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Civil War Guided Reading8. WhathappenedatGainesvilleinOctoberof1862,andwhatwasthesignificance

oftheevent?

9. HowlongwasGalvestonunderUnioncontrol,andwhywasthissignificant?

10.WhywastheBattleatSabinePassofgreatsignificancetoTexas,eventhoughitdidn’tchangetheoutcomeofthewar?

11.DescribetheimpactoftheNativeAmericantribesonTexasduringthewar.

12.WhydidthewarinTexaslastlongerthanotherplaces?

13.HowandwheredidslaveryofficiallyendinTexas?

14.HowwasmostofthedevastationoftheCivilWarfeltinTexas?

AstatueofConfederateheroDickDowlingstandsinHermannParkinHouston.PhotocourtesyoftheHoustonArtsAlliance.

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Civil War Timeline

CIVIL WAR MAP

CivilWarbattlesites

Sitesofconflict

Labelanddatethelocationsmarkedonthemap.

Jan.–Feb.1861

November1860

March1861

June19,1865

May1865

August1862

October1862

January1863

September1863

T E x a S a L M a N a c P O S T E R

Special Lesson 10 — Civil War on the Home Front

Black Soldier Was First Native Texan to Receive Medal of Honor

he first recipient of the Medal of Honor who was born in Texas was Milton M. Holland. The nation’s highest military

honor (originally called the Congressional Medal of Honor) was instituted at the beginning of the Civil War to recognize the heroic actions of Union soldiers in that struggle.

Holland was born in Panola County in August 1844 (some sources say Austin). Along with two brothers, he was sent to school in Athens County, Ohio, before the Civil War by his owner, Bird Holland.

When the Civil War broke out, he worked as a civilian for the quartermaster corps until blacks were allowed to join the army in 1863. The young man raised a company of African-Americans in Athens, and the group was mustered into the 5th Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops. Holland attained the rank of sergeant-major, the highest rank open to blacks at the time.

When the officers of his unit were either killed or wounded in an advance on Richmond, Virginia, on Sept. 29, 1864, Holland assumed command and led a courageous charge that allowed a white military unit to return to the Union line. The actions of Holland and his regiment earned the highest praise from Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.

Holland was presented with his Medal of Honor on April, 6, 1865. His citation states: “Took command of Company C, after all the

officers had been killed or wounded, and gallantly led it.” In all, 23 black soldiers and sailors won the Medal of Honor during the Civil War. Because Holland entered the Union army in Ohio, his military service and heroism are credited to that state in U.S. military records.

Holland did not return to Texas after the war, migrating instead to Washington, D.C. In the 1890s, he founded the Alpha Insurance Company in Washington, D.C., one of the first black-owned insurance companies in the nation. He died in

1910 in Silver Springs, Maryland.Milton’s brother, William, did return to

Texas and taught for a time in Austin. A staunch Republican, William Holland served in the 15th Legislature, where he authored legislation creating Prairie View Normal, the first college for blacks in Texas and now Prairie View A&M University.SOURCES: Texas Almanac 1994–1995 and the Richmond Battlefield website, National Park Service; www.nps.gov/rich/historyculture/hol-land.htm. — From the Texas Almanac 2012–2013.

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the civil war on the home front

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