the challenges brought by the shortage of oil and gas in china and their countermeasures
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The Challenges Brought By The Shortage
of Oil And Gas In China And Their Countermeasures
Pang Xiongqi, Meng Qingyang Pang Xiongqi, Meng Qingyang Zhang Jun, Natori Mariko Zhang Jun, Natori Mariko
China University of Petroleum in Beijing
Key Laboratory For Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism, Ministry of Education, PRC
Email : pangxq@bjpeu.edu.cn
Tele: 86-010-89733346
Fax: 86-010-89733423
Mobile: 13701296729
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources and Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ.. Conclusions Conclusions
1. Brief Introduction of China
★ ★
Location:Location: Northern Hemisphere, Asia Country land area:Country land area: 9.6 million km2
Population:Population: About 1.3 Billion Foundation:Foundation: in 1949, PRC
Nationalities:Nationalities: 56 (Mainly Han Nationality) Open door policy:Open door policy: Since 1978
Beijing, ChinaLisbon, Portugal
2. Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Exploration in China
Oil and Gas Resources are Distributed in Four Areas: East, Middle, West and South China Sea
Brief Introduction of Oil and Gas Exploration in China (until the end of 2003) :
Total AmountTotal Amount :: Oil= 101 billion tones ; Gas= 42 trillion m3
ProvedProved :: Oil= 23.42 billion tones ; Gas= 3.8695 trillion m3
Proved RecoverableProved Recoverable :: Oil= 6.513 billion tones ; Gas= 2.4646 trillion m3
Left RecoverableLeft Recoverable :: Oil= 2.381 billion tones ; Gas=2.0894 trillion m3
I. ForwardI. Forward
②③
④
①Legends
① East area
② Middle area
③West area
④ South China sea area
3. Brief Introduction to China’s Shortage of Oil
Comparison between Oil Production and Demand in China(From China National Statistics Bureau, 2004)
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Oi l Producti onOi l Consumpti on
162
222170
260
190
360
200
310
420
220
490
240
Unit: million tones
I. ForwardI. Forward
3. Brief Introduction to China’s Shortage of Gas
Comparison between Gas Production and Demand in China(From China National Statistics Bureau, 2004)
I. ForwardI. Forward
Gas Production
Gas Consumption
Unit: hundred million cubic meters
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resourcesand Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ.. Conclusions Conclusions
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
The GDP increases very fast in recent 20 years in China and the average increase rate can reach 9% per year
Brief introduction to economy growth in recent 20 years in China (From China National Statistics Bureau, 2004)
1. The fast growth of economy in China consumes a lot of oil and gas resources
The relation between oil consumption increase and yearly economy increase in China
(From China National Statistics Bureau, 2004)
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
1. The fast growth of economy in China consumes a lot of oil and gas resources
The increase of demand on oil and gas per year will reach 0.65% with 1% increase of China’s GDP.
oil c
onsu
mpt
ion
incr
ease
rat
e
/eco
nom
y in
crea
se r
ate
The oil consumption increase curve with time in China
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
1. The fast growth of economy in China consumes a lot of oil and gas resources
The increase rate of yearly oil consumption in recent 10 years is five times
higher than that of 10 years before .
Yearly Oil consumption of
China has reached 3 hundred million
tones and just next to the U.S.A
Yearly gas consumption rate of China is increasing
fast but relatively still little comparing with
other developed countries
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
1. The fast growth of economy in China consumes a lot of oil and gas resources
Million barrels per day 2004 Oil & Gas Journal July 5th 2004
Australia uses 0.8 China 6.3US 20.5World 81 US 1 cubic km oil / year
Australia China United States
1 kml l
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
1. The fast growth of economy in China consumes a lot of oil and gas resources
Oil consumption of China is 7.8 % of the consumption all over the world, while U.S.A is 25.3%.
2. The oil consumption of China will keep growing with the development of economy in the future
Forecast on economy increase of China in the coming 10 years(Beijing Statistic information website, 2005)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015GDP(hundred million dollars)
The GDP growth rate will be averagely 7.5%~9% per year with personal GDP reaching 2600~3100 dollars in the coming 10 years.
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
Forecast curves on oil demand by different scholars of China in the coming 15 years
The oil demand of China in 2020 will be today’s 1.5 times and reach 4 hundred million tones
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
2. The oil consumption of China will keep growing with the development of economy in the future
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Yearly Demand
(hundred million cubic meters)
Zhang Kang
Mu Shul i ng
Average
II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of II. The Economy and Society Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources Oil and Gas Resources
2. The oil consumption of China will keep growing with the development of economy in the future
Forecast curves on gas demand by different scholars of China in the coming 15 years
The gas demand of China will be today’s 3.5 times and reach 180 billion cubic meters in 2020.
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources and Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ.. Conclusions Conclusions
1. Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Exploration in China ( until the end of 2003):
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
Year
Accumul atedfound
geol ogi calreserves
10( 8t)
Accumul atedfound
recoverabl ereserves
10( 8t)
Yearl yi ncrease ofrecoverabl e
reserves10( 8t)
Lef trecoverabl e
reserves10( 8t)
Geol ogi calreserves/ producti on
1980 71. 4922 27. 3631 0. 7016 18. 2164 17. 21981 73. 9068 28. 2873 0. 9242 18. 1316 181982 76. 4557 29. 2629 0. 9756 18. 0885 17. 81983 82. 2484 32. 533 3. 2701 20. 3013 19. 21984 93. 2744 35. 7001 3. 167 22. 3255 19. 51985 116. 1723 37. 9323 1. 9198 23. 312 18. 71986 125. 1811 39. 3364 1. 4264 23. 4124 181987 132. 1743 41. 0333 1. 6969 23. 7701 17. 71988 137. 4164 42. 2109 1. 1776 23. 5793 17. 21989 142. 2609 41. 9143 0. 9992 21. 9079 15. 91990 148. 6561 43. 2425 1. 3282 21. 855 15. 81991 154. 0888 43. 9483 1. 1229 21. 164 15. 21992 158. 9784 44. 9312 0. 9809 20. 7273 14. 61993 164. 8273 48. 0659 1. 2782 22. 422 15. 61994 169. 8718 49. 2847 1. 1512 22. 18 15. 21995 174. 3001 50. 9078 0. 742 22. 3125 151996 181. 5766 52. 6027 1. 2869 22. 4345 14. 31997 190. 6682 54. 9943 1. 8306 23. 2217 14. 51998 197. 7078 57. 147 1. 5952 23. 7692 14. 81999 205. 6493 59. 3418 1. 632 24. 36 15. 22000 212. 8956 60. 9517 1. 6099 24. 5153 14. 92001 217. 5896 62. 0432 1. 0915 23. 7884 14. 42002 225. 5917 63. 397 1. 3538 23. 8737 14. 12003 234. 2 65. 1261 1. 7291 23. 81 14. 0
Total amount :oil= 101 billion tones ; gas= 42 trillion cubic metersAccumulated discovered geological reserves :oil= 23.42 billion tones ;gas= 3.87 trillion cubic metersAccumulated discovered recoverable reserves :oil= 6.513 billion tones ;gas= 2.47 trillion cubic meters
Remaining recoverable reserves :oil= 2.381 billion tones ;gas=2.09 trillion cubic meters
Proved rate:
oil= 38.9% ; gas= 23.0%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1944 1954 1964 1974 1984 1994 2004
Production (hundred million cubic meters)
0
50
100
150
200
1944 1954 1964 1974 1984 1994 2004
Production (million tones)
2. Yearly production curves of oil and gas with time since 1949
oil
gas
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
3. Oil and gas production in different areas of China
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
gas
prod
ucti
on(h
undr
edmi
llio
n cu
bic
mete
rs) East China
Middle ChinaWest ChinaChina’s Sea
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
oil
prod
ucti
on(t
en t
hous
and
tonn
es)
East ChinaMiddle ChinaWest ChinaChina’s Sea
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
4. Forecast approach and principle on China’s future oil and gas production
Typical Oil Depletion Curve
Norway (North Sea)
Werner Zittel , LBST www.energiekrise.de
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
Relationship among the oil and gas resources, proved and recoverable resources, remaining recoverable resources and yearly production
Oil
and
gas
res
ourc
es (
hund
red
mil
lion
tone
s)
Accumulated production
Proved recoverable resources
Proved resources
Theoretical maximum resources
Yearly proved Yearly proved resourcesresources
Yearly Yearly productionproduction
Exploration and development procession
Remaining recoverable resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
4. Forecast approach and principle on China’s future oil and gas production
Relationship among the oil and gas resources, proved and Relationship among the oil and gas resources, proved and recoverable resources, remaining recoverable resources and yearly recoverable resources, remaining recoverable resources and yearly
production of China from 1970 to 2003 production of China from 1970 to 2003
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
4. Forecast approach and principle on China’s future oil and gas production
0
50
100
150
200
250
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
accumul ated di scoveredgeol ogi cal reservoi rsaccumul ated di scoveredrecoverabl e reservoi rsremai ni ng recoverabl ereservoi rs
Exp
lora
tion
frui
ts (
108 t
ones
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
GuoBaoshenJ i aWenruiMuShul i ngShenPi ngpi ngAverage
5. Forecast on China’s oil and gas production by different scholars in the coming 15 years.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Zhou Zongyi ng
J i a Wenrui
Mu Shul i ng
Wan J i ye
Zhao Fuxi ng
Average
Oil
Gas
Pro
du
ctio
n (
mil
lion
ton
es)
Pro
du
ctio
n (
mil
lion
ton
es)
Pro
du
ctio
n (
hu
nd
red
mil
lion
P
rod
uct
ion
(h
un
dre
d m
illi
on
cub
ic m
eter
s)cu
bic
met
ers)
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
yearl y net i ncrease ofrecoverabl e reservoi rsyearl y oi l producti on
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
gas product i on
year l y net i ncrease ofrecoverabl e reservoi rs
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in ChinaIII. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and and Their PredictionTheir Prediction
6. Forecast on oil and gas production until 2050
Yea
rly
oil p
rodu
ctio
nY
earl
y oi
l pro
duct
ion
(mil
lion
ton
es)
(mil
lion
ton
es)
Yea
rly
gas
pro
du
ctio
nY
earl
y ga
s p
rod
uct
ion
(mil
lion
ton
es)
(mil
lion
ton
es)
6. Forecast on oil and gas production in China
III. The Brief Introduction and Forecast on Oil and Gas Production III. The Brief Introduction and Forecast on Oil and Gas Production
in Chinain China
Oil
Gas
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
石油年产量天然气年产量
}
}
2005
Forecast on China’s oil and gas production
Mill
ion
Ton
es
Oil production
Gas production
2026
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources and Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ.. Conclusions Conclusions
1. The shortage of oil and gas is an inevitable problem faced by human beings
By 2030, the gap is equivalent to 6,000 nuclear reactors
0
10
20
30
40
50
1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
2002
World oil shortfall scenarios
Past Production of Oil
ForecastProduction
Demand Growth
Gb /year
0
10
20
30
40
50
}Shortfall
2030
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their Prediction China and Their Prediction
time
2. The shortage of oil in China is shown by large importation.
0
100
200
300
400
500
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Oil production
Oil demand
Importation is 41% of Total demand in 2004
Importation is 50% of Total demand in
2010
}Shortfall
Production and demand (million tones)
Time
●
China began to import oil in 1993
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their Prediction China and Their Prediction
2. The shortage of gas in China is shown by large importation
Gas production
Gas demand }shortfallBegin to import gas
Production and demand (hundred million cubic meters)
2004
●
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their Prediction China and Their Prediction
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources and Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ.. Conclusions Conclusions
Challenge I : Restrain economy development
EnvironmentEnvironment
Oil is the blood of industry. The industry cannot develop without it. It costs us a lot of foreign exchanges to import oil. The number of 2004 reached 300 billion RMB. The expense on yearly importation will keep increasing with the increase of importation and higher oil price.
Space industrySpace industry
TransportationTransportation
DefenseDefense Chemical IndustryChemical Industry
TrafficTraffic
…… ……
Oil & gas
Bottleneck
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
0102030405060708090
100
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Challenge IIII : Affect people’s life and environment
0102030405060708090
100
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
China has a large population and is in shortage of energy. People are still using traditional methods to utilize the energy. It causes a series of environment problems: decrease of forests and plants, decline of earth and organic matters in the soil , growth of desert, and so on.
China has the largest coal production and consumption. The burning of coal gives out 85% of the country’s SO 2 , 85% of the country’s CO2 , and 75% of the country’s dust. The loss cost by acid rain is 2% of the GDP in 1998. The potential effect of CO2 is a key factor in the energy field.
World U.S.A
China
coal
hydro
oil
gas
nuclear
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
Challenge IIIIII : Affect country security
Gulf WarGulf WarOil and gas are important strategy Oil and gas are important strategy
resources. In modern war, the resources. In modern war, the
production and procession basement of production and procession basement of
oil and its transportation tools are the oil and its transportation tools are the
main attacking targets by enemies. The main attacking targets by enemies. The
shortage of oil will seriously threaten the shortage of oil will seriously threaten the
security of the country. Now the pillage security of the country. Now the pillage
on oil and gas resources is so furious on oil and gas resources is so furious
around the world. The past Gulf War around the world. The past Gulf War
and newly ended Iraq War are all and newly ended Iraq War are all
because of the abundance of oil because of the abundance of oil
resources in the Middle-east.resources in the Middle-east.
Iraq WarIraq War
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
0
10
20
30
40
50
1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
2005
World oil shortfall scenarios
Past Production of Oil
ForecastProduction
Demand Growth
Deprivation, war
City design / lifestyle
Pricing / taxes
Transport mode shifts
Efficiency
Other petroleum fuels gas, tar-sands
Other fuels
Gb/year
• no single “Magic Bullet” solution no single “Magic Bullet” solution • probably no replacement ever for cheap plentiful oilprobably no replacement ever for cheap plentiful oil• Urgent preparation and adjustment are vitalUrgent preparation and adjustment are vital
How to deal with these challenges brought by the shortage of oil and gas ?
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
China adopts four measures to solve the shortage of oil and gas resources problems
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
2005
Oil and gas production
Oil and gas demand
Develop domestic energy
Utilize overseas energy
Find substitute energy
Take saving measures
Oil and gas production and demand (million tones)
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
China’s oil and gas resources:China’s oil and gas resources:
Oil: Oil: 104 billion tones, 104 billion tones, proved rate:proved rate:38.9%38.9% (the world:(the world:73.0%)73.0%)
Gas: Gas: 42trillion cubic meters, 42trillion cubic meters, proved rate:proved rate:23.0%23.0% (the world: (the world: 60.5%)60.5%)
Oil and gas resources distribution and exploration situation in China
Measure I : Innovate geological theory and fasten the development and utilization of domestic oil and gas resources
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
Measure IIII : Participate international competition and broaden the benefit proportion of international oil and gas resources
The situation and fruits of China’s overseas oil and gas exploration
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22192125
1 阿曼 2 也门 3 伊朗 4 科威特 5 泰国 6 印尼 7 土库曼斯坦 8 阿塞拜疆 9 蒙古 10 苏丹 11 阿尔及利亚12 尼日利亚 13 委内瑞拉 14 秘鲁 15 加拿大 16 巴布亚新几内亚 17 哈萨克斯坦 18 缅甸 19 加蓬 20 沙特21 安哥拉 22 刚果 23 澳大利亚 24 吉尔吉斯斯坦 25 厄瓜多尔
★北京北京
12
34
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22192125
1 阿曼 2 也门 3 伊朗 4 科威特 5 泰国 6 印尼 7 土库曼斯坦 8 阿塞拜疆 9 蒙古 10 苏丹 11 阿尔及利亚12 尼日利亚 13 委内瑞拉 14 秘鲁 15 加拿大 16 巴布亚新几内亚 17 哈萨克斯坦 18 缅甸 19 加蓬 20 沙特21 安哥拉 22 刚果 23 澳大利亚 24 吉尔吉斯斯坦 25 厄瓜多尔
★北京北京
The benefit oil The benefit oil and gas resourand gas resources are totally ces are totally 19.7419.74 million t million tones, among tones, among them, PetroChhem, PetroChina ina 14.43 14.43 milliomillion tones, CNOn tones, CNOOC OC 5 5 million tmillion tones, SINOPEones, SINOPEC C 0.0.31 31 million million tones.tones.
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
Measure III:: Increase the expenses on science and technology and develop substitute energy
Substitute energySubstitute energy
★★Coal to oilCoal to oil
★★Develop hydrogen energyDevelop hydrogen energy
★★Ethanol gasolineEthanol gasoline
★★Develop biomass energyDevelop biomass energy
★★Utilizing wind and solar energyUtilizing wind and solar energy
★★Utilizing nuclear energyUtilizing nuclear energy
Oil and gas are non-renewable energy resources and will be used up in some day. Governments in all the countries should take measures to look for substitute energies.
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
Measure IV : Adopt saving measures and guarantee the stable development
Measures to Save oil & gasMeasures to Save oil & gas
★★Change life styleChange life style
★★Develop public transportationDevelop public transportation
★★Decrease the consumption of oil by carsDecrease the consumption of oil by cars
★★Improve the efficiency of oil and gas utilizationImprove the efficiency of oil and gas utilization
Oil is a high-efficiency energy and gas is a clean energy. The oil price will keep increasing, so adopting oil saving measures will be the direction we take efforts to.
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
China
US★
What is our purpose to take these measures?
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their CountermeasuresGas in China and Their Countermeasures
ContentsContents I. ForwardI. Forward
II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil II. The Economy Development of China Needs a Lot of Oil and Gas Resources and Gas Resources
III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in III. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Production in China and their PredictionChina and their Prediction
IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in IV. The Brief Introduction to Oil and Gas Shortage in China and Their PredictionChina and Their Prediction
V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas V . The Challenges Brought by the Shortage of Oil and Gas in China and Their Countermeasuresin China and Their Countermeasures
Ⅵ Ⅵ. Conclusions. Conclusions
Thanks for your Thanks for your attentionattention
ⅥⅥ. Conclusions. Conclusions
1.1. China’s economy is still in fast development stage, oiChina’s economy is still in fast development stage, oil and gas resources are the most important energies. l and gas resources are the most important energies.
2. It is inevitable that oil and gas will be used up in the 2. It is inevitable that oil and gas will be used up in the future, the predicted peak production of oil and gas in Chifuture, the predicted peak production of oil and gas in China will be in 2026. na will be in 2026.
3. Chinese government now is paying much more atten3. Chinese government now is paying much more attention to this serious problem and four measures are taken ttion to this serious problem and four measures are taken to solve this problem.o solve this problem.
4. We believe that human beings can take advantage of 4. We believe that human beings can take advantage of their talents and knowledge to solve this problem. their talents and knowledge to solve this problem.
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