the challenge of sustaining the research and innovation process mike tansey chief executive officer...

The Challenge of Sustaining the Research and Innovation Process

The Challenge of Sustaining the Research and Innovation Process Mike Tansey

Chief Executive Officer

Thomson Scientific

1958 - publication of the scientific paper, Infrared and Optical Lasers, by Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes of Bell Labs.

"We thought it might have some communications and scientific uses, but we had no application in mind. If we had, it might have hampered us and not worked out as well."

Basic research – The Laser

1953 - The discovery of the structure of DNA - Cambridge University, graduate student Francis Crick and research fellow James Watson

"Almost all aspects of life are engineered at the molecular level, and without understanding molecules we can only have a very sketchy understanding of life itself."

Basic research – DNA

Applied research - Lasers

Applied research arising out of the laser includes fibre optic laser communications, laser surgery, supermarket bar code scanners, digital data storage and music CDs

Applied research - DNA

Applied research arising out of the discovery of DNA includes disease diagnosis, drug development, gene therapy and, more recently, genetically-modified organisms

Innovation, Protection and Exploitation

"Innovation is the successful exploitation of new ideas and is a vital ingredient for competitiveness, productivity and social gain within businesses and organisations."

-London Innovation* definition

*One of the UK’s leading development agencies

Innovation, Protection and Exploitation

1974 - Seminal patent – Philips - “Optical recording disc – [which] has information recorded by selective etching of a surface layer”.

1979 - (US4188433) - Philips - “Information storage disks – for reading by reflected radiation”

1979 - (US4450553) - Philips - “Information recording disc[s]”, or in other words, recordable CDs also known as CD-Rs.

Wealth creation - increasing value of Intangible Assets

1997, 1998, 1999 Arthur D. Little Benchmarkingstudies 2000est

Key factors

Competitive pressure

R&D cutbacks drive efficiency

Push for innovation

Globalisation of markets

Commitments to maximise shareholder value

Transfer of wealth back into research

• Genentech University of Leuven

• Pfizer Oklohoma State, Boston, Princeton, and California

• BASF Universities of Freiburg, Magdeburg, and Karlsruhe as well as Arizona State, California and Pittsburgh

Transfer of wealth back into research

EU versus US and Japan in terms of expenditure on R&D as a proportion of GDP

R&D intensity in 2000:

• EU’s 1.93%

• US 2.69%

• Japan 2.98%

The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle

• Knowledge transfer from academia to industry

• Who’s doing what?

• How do we find out?

• What funding is available?

• How do we facilitate communication?

• Commercial incentives

• Wealth transfer back from the economy to fund basic research

The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle

Two complementary strands:

• euroCRIS initiative – database of people, research centres, funding etc.

• Research documentation systems

The challenge of sustaining the wealth creation cycle - Case Studies

Biotechnology vs Nanotechnology

In order to establish trends in fundamental research being conducted, we may conduct some macro analyses of the scientific and patent literature to establish several measures:

• When was research initiated?

• What is the current trend in volume of research (increasing or decreasing)?

• Where is research being conducted?

• By whom?

When was research into monoclonal antibodies initiated; what are the current trends?

Monoclonal Antibody Papers 1981 - 2002

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

When was research into monoclonal antibodies initiated; what are the current trends?

Monoclonal Antibody patents 1977 - 2001

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Where is research being conducted?

Monoclonal Antibody papers by country

Source: Essential Science Indicators

Where is research being conducted?

Monoclonal Antibody patenting activity by country

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Where is research being conducted?

Patenting activity by priority country and year

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Who is conducting research?

Scientific literature analysis of academic institutions

Rank by Total Cites (1981-2003)organization cites papers cites/paperHARVARD UNIV 55937 1123 49.81NCI 43348 964 44.97UNIV WASHINGTON 24424 542 45.06STANFORD UNIV 23370 457 51.14UNIV TEXAS 18642 789 23.63UNIV OXFORD 17707 279 63.47WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL 17230 339 50.83ORTHO PHARMACEUT CORP 15480 97 159.59MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR 14582 508 28.7UNIV CHICAGO 14109 237 59.53SCRIPPS CLIN & RES FDN 13919 349 39.88NIAID 13900 274 50.73IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND 13686 243 56.32VET ADM MED CTR 13580 619 21.94MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP 13559 382 35.49UNIV ALABAMA 12719 359 35.43UNIV PENN 12672 395 32.08MRC 12310 213 57.79DUKE UNIV 11668 412 28.32UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO 11376 301 37.79

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

Who is conducting research?Top 15 organisations patenting Monoclonal Antibodies

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Who is conducting research?

Top 5 organisations patenting Monoclonal Antibodies

Organisation Number of Monoclonal Antibody inventions

Total number of inventions all subjects

%ge Monoclonal Antibody patents

Curagen Corporation 100 288 34.7%Genentech 370 1156 32.0%Protein Design Labs 9 33 27.3%Incyte Genomics 215 1054 20.4%Zymogenetics Inc 92 501 18.4%

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Who is conducting research?

Protein Design Labs - commercial success

1990 - Patent application WO9007861 - Protein Design Labs - “CHIMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS SPECIFIC FOR p55 TAC PROTEIN OF THE IL-2

RECEPTOR”. Source: Derwent World Patents Index

Trends – Monoclonal Antibodies

Comparison of papers vs patents on Monoclonal Antibodies

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

Trends – Nanotechnology

Comparison of papers vs patents on Nanotechnology

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

Trends – Nanotechnology

Projection of Nanotechnology development

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators, Derwent World Patents Index

Trends – Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal Antibody patenting activity by country

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

* *EP = European Patent

Trends – Nanotechnology

Percentage of patents

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

The comparative position of Europe and the US

Number of papers for overall country in 1 Year periods cited to present

Source: ISI Essential Science Indicators

The comparative position of Europe and the US

US vs EP number of inventions to universities

Source: Derwent World Patents Index

The comparative position of Europe and the US 

“..Europe must do more if it is to become the truly knowledge-based economy called for in March 2001 by the European Council in Lisbon. The message emerging from the latest report by the Commission entitled "Science, technology and innovation - Key figures 2002" is that investments in the knowledge-based economy (combining research, education, training and human resources) are lagging behind in some countries and that progress in the transition to the knowledge-based economy in most European countries is still too slow.”

euroCRIS

European projects - ERGO  

December 1998 - ERGO (European Research Gateways Online) Pilot Project, a single gateway to national databases of research projects via a central catalogue and user-friendly search form

Successfully demonstrated:

• The practical feasibility and added value of a facilitated access to national R&D information from a single entry point;

• The suitability of a catalogue-based (metadata) concept both for data collection and easy searching.

European projects - ERGO  

Basic features

• A central catalogue holding basic information on each project contained in participating databases;

• Further information available directly from the relevant participating database(s);

• Regular automatic updating of the catalogue by transmission of basic information from each database

European projects - euroCRIS  

Common user requirements - features and functionality 

• Comprehensive and accurate information;

• Reliable information;

• Quality information;

• Easy to find information (user-friendly interface);

• Comprehensive subject indexing to get to relevant information quickly;

• On-line help/explanation of subject indexing;

• On-line document ordering;

• Comprehensive searching facility;

• Links to other databases;

• Import/export functions (ability to download in different formats);

euroCRIS  & Thomson Scientific - complementary strands

“It was agreed that overlap has to be avoided with research documentation systems such as publication databases or patent information systems”

CERIF Revision Working Group (CERIF 2000)

euroCRIS  & Thomson Scientific - complementary strands

Thomson Scientific

• Helping to identify cutting edge research fronts

• Acting as fuel for the R&D process in converting that research into new innovations

• Helping to track the progress of those innovations to commercialisation and wealth creation via protection and exploitation

• Essential data to assist policy makers in re-investing a proportion of that wealth in directed programs of further research to arrive at the start of the cycle again

Thomson Scientific

“I make an effort to find a seminal author and then do a cited author search, and always find items I wouldn't have found by other means.”

Professor Charles Oppenheim

Dept of Information Science

Loughborough University

UK

Thomson Scientific

“The Web of Science is not only the largest multidisciplinary database of the scientific literature, it also provides our users with navigation tools not available in any other resource.”

Dr. Benjamin F. Bowman

Head of Information Services

Max Planck Society

Germany

Thomson Scientific

"Derwent’s patent information is indispensable. We use it at Siemens to discover what is state of the art and to serve our business units with actual published documents world-wide.” 

Gerold Frers

Head of Patent Information

Siemens AG

Thank you Thank you

Mike Tansey

Chief Executive Officer

Thomson Scientific