the big ideas
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The Big Ideas• Bureaucracy is inevitable. • Bureaucrats do the work of the government, so in an important
sense the government is whatever the bureaucrats do. • Bureaucracy has conflicting responsibilities: “The bureaucracy is
expected simultaneously to respond to the direction of partisan officials and to administer programs fairly and competently.”
• The president, Congress, and the courts have differing abilities to bend the bureaucracy to their wills, and bureaucrats are able to achieve power in their own right: autonomy within limits.
• Bureaucrats have their own views of how things should be: agency perspective [political culture of the agency].
• Public administration is political administration: Agency politics is inevitable.
Forest Service Mission
16 USC § 551. Protection of national forests; rules and regulations: “The Secretary of Agriculture shall make provisions for the protection against destruction by fire and depredations upon the public forests and national forests which may have been set aside . . . and he may make such rules and regulations and establish such service as will insure the objects of such reservations, namely, to regulate their occupancy and use and to preserve the forests thereon from destruction.”
Source: U.S. Government Manual: 2008-09 -- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gmanual/browse-gm-08.html
Source: U.S. Government Manual http://
www.gpoaccess.gov/
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Regions of the U.S. Forest Service
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Regions of the U.S. Forest Service
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
U.S.F.S Region One
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Lewis & Clark National Forest
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Resources Committeeshttp://resourcescommittee.house.gov/index.php
http://energy.senate.gov/public/
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Interested Groups (Iron Triangle)
Interested Groups (Issue Network)
Who Controls the Bureaucracy? And How?
• The President• Congress• The Courts• The Bureaucrats Themselves
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Source: Thomas C. Cronin & Michael A. Genovese: Paradoxes of the American Presidency (2004), p. 145
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Congress
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
The Courts
President
White House Office
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment
Chief Forester
Regional Forester
Forest Supervisor
District Ranger
Recreation Timber Minerals
Congressional Committees Interest Groups
Fiscal v. Monetary Policy
• What?• Who Governs?• How Used?• Relative Advantages of Each• System Bias
“By 1960 our national debt stood at $284 billion. ... Today the debt is $934 billion. ... We can leave our children with an unrepayable massive debt and a shattered economy.” -- President Reagan 2/5/81
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