the axis advances ch 14 sec 2. poland september 1 st 1939-surprise attack on poland blitzkrieg...

The Axis AdvancesThe Axis Advances

Ch 14 Sec 2

Poland

September 1st 1939-Surprise attack on Poland

Blitzkrieg (lightning war).– Using concentrated tanks

and dive-bombers to break a hole in the enemy line, followed quickly by mobile infantry.

Hitler used over 1.5 million men

Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed major cities, rail lines and communication lines

Tanks vs. Horses

Poll: Blitzkreig means...

Poll: The phony war lasted for...

Poll: On Sept. 17th Hitler invatdes...

On September 17th, Stalin orders Soviet troops to occupy the eastern half of Poland.

Poland fell in three weeks

Winter WarSoviet troops then

occupy Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania without a fight.

November-Finland refused surrender without a fight

By March, Stalin’s superior numbers had won.

The Phony War Seven months after France

and Great Britain had declared war on Germany, the two sides had not fought each other.

The French waited for Germans behind the Maginot Line (an 87-mile long line of forts, concrete walls and underground barracks).

Poll: The French defensive fortifications were...

End of the Phony WarApril 1940—Germany

attacks neutral Denmark and Norway–Denmark falls in hours, Norway will last months

May 1940—Germans invade Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg

Surprise, Surprise… Germans attack

through Belgium through the thick Ardennes Forest.

British and French Armies are divided.– British are

encircled at the port of Dunkirk

Poll: The Germans attack through the ____ to g...

Allied soldiers escaped aboard anything that could float (yachts, lifeboats, motorboats, fishing ships).– 338,000 were rescued– Link map at 42:56

Miracle at

Dunkirk

Poll: The British were surrounded at...

France Falls

June 14, Paris is captured.On June 22, France

surrenders in the same railcar as Germany in WWI

Germany takes direct control of the northern two-thirds of France

Poll: On June 14 what city is captured by the ...

Three Results of the Fall of France

Hitler creates a puppet gov. in France:-The Vichy

French who controlled southern France.

-“Free French” based in Britain.

Poll: The puppet government in the south of Fr...

The Battle of Britain

Germany must control air in order to successfully invade England.

Although Germans outnumber the British, the Luftwaffe is unable to defeat the RAF.

Poll: The German air force is called...

Why did Germany lose?

Radar provides early warning/eliminates surprise.

British morale remains high.

Poll: What new weapon played a key roll in the...

The German invasion of the Soviet Union

Hitler’s Big Mistake

Germany and the Soviet Union

Hitler signed a Non-Aggression Pact, but violated it when he launched Operation “Barbarossa” on June 22nd 1941.

Wanted natural resources (like oil).

Poll: Hitler's suprised attack on the USSR was...

June 1941Operation Barbarossa

Germans Blitzkrieg the Soviet front line forcesSoviets cut off

–Hundreds of thousands surrender

Germans advance on Leningrad, Moscow and the Southern Caucasus Region

The Three Prongs

Three points of attack: North towards Leningrad

(St. Petersburg) Center towards Moscow South towards the oil

rich Caucasus Mountains

Germans met initial success, but were slowed by Stalin’s “scorched earth policy”

Poll: Stalin used this policy to slow the Germ...

Where was Japan?

Who should they be aiding?

North Group

By Sept. 1941, Leningrad (pop. 2.5 million) was surrounded

By the end of the siege-900 days: one million were deadno animals were alive in the

city

Then the first snows of winter begin to fall

Germans still have summer uniforms!

Center Group

Germans reach suburbs of Moscow on December 2, but faced the coldest winter in decades (-60 degrees)

Soviets launch counteroffensive headed by 100 Siberian divisions

Germans are pushed back 125 miles

Poll: Low temp. of the Russian winter...

Poll: The center of the German attack focused ...

Will the Germans capture Moscow?

Stages of the Holocaust

Stage 1: Life becomes uncomfortable Boycott of Jewish Businesses (1933)

• 1933• Hitler announces a

boycott of all Jewish Businesses

Stage 1: Life becomes uncomfortable Nuremburg Laws (1935)

• Laws passed depriving German Jews of their citizenship and banning marriages between Jews and non-Jews.

Poll: What laws denied Jews German citizenship...

Stage 2: Life becomes violent…

Kristallnacht (1938)• Night of broken glass• On November 10, 1938,

NAZI officials unleash a savage nationwide campaign of terror against Germany’s Jewish population.

Stage 3: Jews are isolated…

Jewish Ghettos (1939)

• Ghettos, or confined areas within a city, are established in occupied Eastern Europe.

Poll: Confined areas within cites for housing ...

Children Dying of Starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto

Stage 4: Removal of Jews Deportations Throughout Europe (1942-1945)

• Nazis systematically round up Jews throughout Europe and transport them to death camps in Eastern Europe

STAGE 5: “The Final Solution”

• NAZI officials agree to move forward with a plan to kill all the European Jews.

• Death camps are built specifically for this purpose.

• Six millions Jews are killed.

Poll: Hitler's plan to eliminate the Jews was ...

Entrance to Auschwitz

Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station

Auschwitz from the air

Auschwitz

The Gas Chambers

The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber

The outside of the Gas Chamber

“Processing” the bodies

Dead bodies waiting to be “processed”

Shoes waiting to be processed by the sonderkommando

Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about twenty five thousand

pairs.

Evil succeeds when a few good men decide to do nothing.

FAIL

Clearly This student had missed the point of the picture.

Liberation (1944-1945)

• Allied Troops liberate, or free, 300,000 Jews

Poll: Most concentration camps were liberated ...

US Isolationism

• Americans wanted to stay out of Europe’s wars.

• FDR wanted to help Britain anyway.

Poll: America wanting to stay out of the war w...

Lend Lease Act

• FDR sent war materials to Britain and the USSR.

• This is a Sherman tank.

Poll: Act that allowed the US to help the alli...

QW

• In what way might US isolationism have lengthened the war

• 2 Min.

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor 12/7/1941

link 44:00

Meanwhile: In the Pacific

• Japan taking over much of China• US cuts off exports to Japan

– Oil, scrap metal.

• Japan looks to Southeast Asia to get the resources it needs– But first it must make sure the US navy

can not intervene to stop them.– Link 7:42

Tojo – if you don’t

stop killing Chinese, we will cut off

your oil

Do not threaten

us! That’s it, no oil for

youThen we will have to take it

from somewhere else

The Limits of Japanese Expansion (Spring 1942)

• Japan realizes that to succeed in her ambitions she must remove American influence from the Pacific. Because America is bigger and more powerful than Japan a surprise assault is the only realistic way to defeat her.

• 12/7/1941 Imperial Japan’s First Air Fleet launches a surprise attack against the United States Navy (USN) based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

• The President of the USA, Franklin Roosevelt, called it ‘a date which will live in infamy’ because the attack came before war had been declared.

Poll: Who described 12/7/1941 as a day that wi...

Poll: What country attacked Pearl Harbor 12/7/...

The Pacific ocean showing the proximity of USA, Japan and Hawaii.

Pearl Harbor

QW

• How might the US have been draw into the war if the Japanese had never bombed Pearl Harbor?

• 2 Min.

Pearl Harbor

The islands of Hawaii

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, today. Ford island is in the middle, and battleship row is the dent on the SE side.

Battleship Row

The attack force.

The Japanese Carrier Striking Task Force.

The Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu

The Japanese Aircraft carrier Hiryu. There were 5 aircraft carriers in all.

Ko-hyoteki- Japanese midget attack submarines

Pearl Harbour

The Military Commanders

Isoroku Yamamoto- the Japanese commander.

Fleet Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Poll: Japanese commander in the Pacific?

Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel

- the US commander.

Lieutenant Commander Walter Short

- commander of the US Army

Air force

The Targets

The battleship USS Arizona.

Battleships.

The USS The USS Enterprise Enterprise

19411941..

Aircraft carriers

The Curtis Kittyhawk fighter. Heavy and lumbering. No match for the nimble Japanese Zeke “Zero”.

The B 17 Flying Fortress bomber. Useful for reconnaissance. Pearl Harbor did not have enough. More arrived on Dec 7 1941 during the attack- and were destroyed.

Prelude

Japanese carrier planes

waiting to take off.

The attack begins

Dec7 1941. Japanese bomber over Hickam field (US army air force) Dec7 1941. Japanese bomber over Hickam field (US army air force) (Hawaii). Notice large plumes of smoke.(Hawaii). Notice large plumes of smoke.

Hickam Field. An army B17 bomber lies cut in half.

The seaplane base- just wreckage where there used to be airplanes

US airfield under attack- notice all the planes lined up in neat rows. Easy targets for the Japanese fighters.

• It was shocking to America because it was the first time since 1812 that the United States had been attacked on its own soil. (The next occasion would be 9/11)

Aftermath

Courts-martial of the US navy and army air force commanders

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