the art of questioning: look at your social sciences ...pestle factor reason question political...
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The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences Research Topic
From Multiple Perspectives
By Wong Kah Wei (kahwei@nus.edu.sg)
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What is this workshop all about?
English LanguageWritingCritical Thinking
What is this workshop all about?
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
What are the Learning Outcomes?
Start to use:
1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If
2. Keywords to question
3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors)
5W 1H
Question To find out… Example
What definition, description, examples
What is climate change?
When time of the occurrence, frequency of occurrence
How often do we experience extreme temperatures?
Where place, location, country, market
How are Asian countries affected by climate change?
5W 1H
Question To find out… Example
Who people affected, influencers, decision makers, people with resources
Which communities are at risk of flooding?
Why reasons, justifications, causes, motivations
Why do we continue to use coal?
How method, process, technology, tools
How efficient are solar cells compared to wind turbines?
Singapore’s Favorite Food (2min)
1. Match the Question to the Answer.
2. Go to: http://bit.ly/2Mn71w3
Singapore’s favorite foodWhat is chicken rice? It is a dish of rice, chicken and it
is served with a bowl of chicken soup
Why do Singaporeans like chicken rice?
Chicken rice is delicious and cheap.
Who loves to eat chicken rice? Singaporeans
Where can I find the best chicken rice?
Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice at Maxwell Food Centre
When do Singaporeans eat chicken rice?
Singaporeans eat chicken rice all the time!
How do you cook chicken rice? Remove fat from chicken to cook rice. Rub chicken with salt. Boil chicken.
How to question
Hypothetical Research PaperHow Singapore should fight fake news
Refer to Worksheet
Activity (1min)Ask questions!
How Singapore should fight fake news
1. Ask questions about the statement above.2. Apply 5W 1H.3. Write questions in Worksheet.
How Singapore should fight fake news
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news?
How Singapore should fight fake news# Questions What you expect to
find
1 What is fake news?
2 Why is fake news spread?
3 How are other countries fighting fake news?
4 Where is fake news usually uploaded?
5 Who creates fake news?
6 Who spreads or shares fake news?
7 Why do people share fake news when they know it is fake?
8 How do people know news is fake?
9 When is fake news usually uploaded?
10 Why is fake news bad?
Activity (2min):Ask questions with a purpose!
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
2 Why is fake news spread?
3 What is being done to fight news?
4 Why is fake news bad?
4. Write what you expect to find from each question
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
2 Why is fake news spread? ReasonsCauses MotivationsIntentions
3 What is being done to fight news? SolutionsPreventive measures
4 Why is fake news bad? ImpactsOutcomesConsequences
5. What is fake news?6. Find your answer in the Internet.7. Copy and paste “What is fake news” into Google.8. Find the answer.9. Write answer and source in your worksheet.
Activity (5min)Find answers!
How Singapore should fight fake news
Question Answer Source Questions
1. What is fake news?
Verify answers
1. Click on [1] to trace the reference.
2. Click on either [1] or [2] .
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
10. What is another way of asking
“What is fake news”?
# Questions What you expect to find
1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
What is fake news
11. Copy and paste any of these questions in Google search box.
12. Find the definition for fake news. Write your answer and the source in the worksheet.
How do you define fake news?How do you describe fake news?How do you identify fake news?
13. Which of these questions gave you the answer to “What is fake news?”
A. How do you define fake news?
B. How do you describe fake news?
C. How do you identify fake news?
Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions
Definition from dictionaries
Definition from research papers
Question Answer Source Questions
What is fake news?
…media cov-erage,….define fake news as referring to viral posts based on fictitious accountsmade to look like news reports. (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017, 213) defined fake news “to be news articlesthat are intentionallyand verifiably false, and could mislead readers”
Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financialand ideological.
Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions
Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20
Could fake news be defined as the intentions or motivations for spreading?
What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?
Would I find the solutions if I know the reasons?
Question Answer Source Question
What is fake news?
…Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financial
and ideological.
Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions
What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?
What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?
Economic.To generate advertising revenue. Perpetuated by self-service advertisement technology such as Google Adsense.
Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions
What are Google and Facebook doing to prevent this technology from being misused?
Reasons for spreading fake news:
What I found so far:
• Economic intentions. Drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway opinion before election. Eg. US Elections
• The public quickly believe in conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories used to sow discord. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory
Ask Some More Questions using PESTLE Analysis
When questioning, consider PESTLE factors:
Political Role of government, political parties’ influence
Economic Economic growth, cost, industries’ influences
Social Population, education, culture, communities, people’s behavior, values
Technological Application of technologies, tools, methods, processes
Legal Laws, regulations, agreements
Environmental Space, terrain, land, air, water
Activity (3min):How do I find and enjoy
a date in Singapore?
• Match PESTLE factors to the statements.
• Go to this link:
http://bit.ly/2p9T2ep
Keywords
Technology factors
• There are many apps and online tools. What are useful online dating apps?
Political factors
• The Singapore government is always helpful. Which government agency will help me find other singles?
Economic factors
• Every thing costs so much in Singapore. What is the average cost of a night of dating in Singapore?
Keywords
Social factors
• What is the demographics of Singapore? What is the proportion of females to males?
Environmental factors
• The lady I like relocated to New York. We don’t even live in the same city. Does a long distance relationship work?
Legal factors
• There is a young, pretty girl I see at the bus stop. I hope she is not a minor. What is the legal age of a girl I can date?
What I found so far:
Reasons for spreading fake news:
• Economic intentions. Drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway opinion before election. Eg. US Elections
• The public quickly believe in conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories used to sow discord. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons for spreading fake news?
14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.
• Economic intentions. Drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway opinion before election. Eg. US Elections
• The public quickly believe in conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories used to sow discord. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory
14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.
• Economic intentions. Drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.
• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway opinion before election. Eg. US Elections
• The public quickly believe in conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories used to sow discord. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons for spreading fake news?
Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons for spreading fake news?
PESTLE factor Reason Question
Political Political motivations
Partisan parties
Elections
US Elections
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental
15. Categorise PESTLE keywords in table.
PESTLE factor Reason Question
Political Political motivations
Partisan parties
Elections
US Elections
Economic Economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense
Social The public
Sow discord
Parkland Conspiracy Theory
Technological
Legal
Environmental
PESTLE factor Reason Question
Political Political motivations
Partisan parties
Elections
US Elections
Is this going to happen
to Singapore’s
elections?
What other political
motivations?
Economic Economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense
How much money is
Google making out of
Adsense?
What are other
economic intentions?
Social The public
Conspiracy theories
Sow discord
Parkland conspiracy
theory
Why do people continue
to believe in conspiracy
theories?
What are other social
reasons?
PESTLE factor Reason Question
Technological What are the tools used to
make it so easy to spread
fake news?
Legal Are there any laws which
forces Facebook to remove
hate content?
Environmental How can the digital
environment be policed
efficiently?
How Singapore should fight fake news
What is fake news
Why is fake news spread
Political
Sway elections
Economic
Advertising revenue Social
People believe in conspiracy theories
Technological
Legal
Environmental
news articlesthat are intentionally and verifiably false, and could mislead readers
What is being done to fight news?
Why is fake news bad?
Increase knowledge base
What are the Learning Outcomes?
Start to use:
1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If
2. Keywords to question
3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)
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