textile novel & smart fabrics

John Hardin, Ph.D.Acting Executive Director

North Carolina Board of Science and Technologyjhardin@nccommerce.com

Nanotechnology in North Carolina Assets, Activities, Challenges, and Opportunities

Presented at the RTRP All-Cluster Network MeetingCED Entrepreneurship Center

June 4, 2008

http://www.ncscienceandtechnology.com

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Pop Quiz!!!

1. What does “nano” mean?

2. Is nanotechnology an industry?

3. How many companies in NC are currently known to be working with nanotechnology?

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Presentation Overview

1. What is nanotech*?

2. Why is nanotech important?

3. What are NC’s nanotech assets, activities, challenges, and opportunities?

*Throughout this presentation, “nanotechnology” will be abbreviated as “nanotech”

For additional information about nanotech in NC, see:

NCnanotechnology.com

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• Information clearinghouse about nanotechnology, particularly in NC

• Since December 26 (five months):

• More than 7,500 page views

• More than 3,700 visits from 83 countries, 49 U.S. States, and 91 N.C. cities

NCnanotechnology.com

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1. What is nanotech?

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Nanotech Defined

• Nano = Greek for “Dwarf”• Nano = “1 billionth”

• Research and development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range . . .

• . . . to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size

• Nanotech involves purposeful imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale

Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative

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• Virtually all of science and engineering have converged to work at the nanoscale

• Giving us unprecedented understanding and control of elemental phenomena such as intracellular processes, chemical reactions, and quantum mechanics

• We now can build materials literally molecule-by-molecule, allowing us to harness previously inaccessible properties of matter

Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative

Nanotech Defined

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Understanding Size

How big (small) are we talking about?

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1 meter

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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10 centimeters

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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1 centimeter

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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1,000

Micrometers

(µm)

1 mm

1,000,000 nm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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100

micrometers

(µm)

0.1mm

100,000 nm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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10

micrometers

(µm)

0.01 mm

10,000 nm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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1,000 Nanometers

1 micrometer(µm)

0.001 mm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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100

nanometers

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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10

nanometers

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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1 nanometer

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm/P10/english/P0.html

Understanding Size

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Size Matters

• It’s not just how big you are; it’s what you can do with it

• As things approach the nanoscale, new properties emerge due to size confinement and quantum phenomena

• Specifically, nanotechnology will permit control of the following:

• Structural properties (e.g. strength and ductility)

• Electrical properties

• Thermal properties

• Magnetic properties

• Optical properties

• Catalytic properties

• Biocompatibility

• Friction

Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative

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2. Why is nanotech important?

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New Products, New Companies, &New Jobs

Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative; NanoBusiness Alliance

TextilesNovel & Smart Fabrics

MedicineDiagnostics & Drug Delivery

MachineryMaterials & Coatings

EnvironmentFiltration & Purification

EnergyCatalysts & Converters

ElectronicsSemiconductors & Switches

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Diverse products already incorporate nanotech

Source: Lux Research

23Source: National Science Foundation

Predicted Impact of Nanotech on the Global Economy

• $340B materials

• $300B electronics

• $180B pharmaceuticals

• $100B chemical manufacture

• $70B aerospace

• $45B sustainability

• $30B improved healthcare

• $20B tools

Market size predictions: $1 trillion over next 10-12 years

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Conventional Wisdom and Market Realities of Nanotech

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The Nanotech Value Chain

Source: October 2004 Lux Research Report “Sizing Nanotechnology’s Value Chain”

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3. What are NC’s nanotech assets, activities, challenges & opportunities?

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Roadmap Background and Goal

• In spring 2005, NC’s Senior Science & Technology Advisor and its Board of Science and Technology formed the Governor’s Task Force on Nanotechnology and the Economy

• Composed of 28 members broadly representing business, academia, and the public sector from across NC, its charge was to:

• Develop a roadmap for an aggressive and coordinated initiative to advance successful nanotech-based economic development and high-wage employment across NC

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• Funding

• Facilities & Equipment

• Industry-University Nexus

• Policies

• Culture & Goals of Commercialization Organizations

Commercialization

• Funding

• K-16 Education System

• Industry Training

• Policies

• Culture & Goals of Education/Training Organizations

Education & Workforce

Environment

Public Leadership

Public Understanding

Public Leadership

Public Understanding

• Funding

• Facilities & Equipment

• Researchers

• Policies

• Culture & Goals of Research & Development Organizations

Research & Development

* *[Inputs] [Outputs] [1st-Order Outcomes]

Economic Development

Technology Companies

(New & Enhanced) *[2nd-Order Outcomes]

Innovative Ideas

Innovative Technologies

Roadmap Approach

End Goal

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RDU 8th among U.S regions in university-based nanotech research;

not predicable based on region’s size, economy, or strength of science base

Sample Findings:R&D Patterns

NC ranks in top 10 states in R&D funding from National Nanotech Initiative

Nanotechnology in the U.S. South

• Study focused on the potential of the U.S. South (13 states*) to develop a viable nanotech clusters

• Ten indicators in four areas:

– Knowledge generation

– Human capital

– R&D funding

– Patenting

Source: Youtie & Shapira (2008). Forthcoming in The Journal of Technology Transfer

*Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, & West Virginia 30

Findings:

• Overall findings: Much of U.S. South has little potential to develop significant nanotech strengths, except for a few clusters:

– Research Triangle Park, NC

– Atlanta, GA

– Oak Ridge, TN

– Virginia

• North Carolina, driven by RTP region, ranked the highest on all 10 indicators

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Source: Youtie & Shapira (2008). Forthcoming in The Journal of Technology Transfer

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Nanotech funding to NC universities increased 5-fold (conservative estimate)

Sample Findings:R&D Trends

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NC universities are home to more than 30 organized R&D units focusing on nanotech

Sample Findings:R&D Patterns

Source: A Roadmap for Nanotechnology in North Carolina’s 21st Century Economy

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NC has nearly 60 nanotech companies and a statewide distribution of high-tech clusters that will be highly impacted by nanotech

Sample Findings:Commercial

Approximately 50% of companies identified as working with nanotech were originally affiliated with local universities

Source: A Roadmap for Nanotechnology in North Carolina’s 21st Century Economy

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NC has a strong presence in several tech clusters that will be highly impacted by nanotech; nanotech could help grow weak clusters

Sample Findings & Predictions:Commercial

Source: Hardin and Harder(2003). Tracking Innovation: North Carolina Innovation Index.

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The Nanotech Value Chain

Source: October 2004 Lux Research Report “Sizing Nanotechnology’s Value Chain”

Alamac

AccuFLEX

Liquid Logic

Alnis

Amphora

Asklêpios

Centice Coventer

Dotmetrics

Expression Analysis

Hydro-Flo

INILiquidia

Materials Analytical Svc.

MMFX Steel

Nanolytics

NanotechLabs

NextremeOptotrack

QuarTek

SolarAMP

Umicore

VF Corp

Xintek

Ziptronix

Nanomaterials (14)

Nanointermediates(12)

Nano-Enabled Products(7)

North Carolina Nanotech Value Chain

LaamScience

ProtoChips

Sensory Analytics

Pharm Agra

Trimeris

Chemsee, Inc

ZellCompHexatech

BiomachinesInternational Tech. Center

Nanolume

3rdTech

Nanotech Capital

RTI

Tiny Technology

Micell

MEMScap

HPC Hydrosize

Institutec

Microphase

Semiconductor Research

Appealing Products

Nanotools(15)

Source: Gereffi, Frederick, & Ong (2007). Nanotechnology In North Carolina Presentation

3rd Tech

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Strengths & Weaknesses of NC to form Nanotech Clusters

Strengths1) Established emphasis

on enabling technology industries: biotech & info tech

2) Existing manufacturing base

3) Strong university infrastructure

4) Local support (government)

Weaknesses1) Lack of strong linkages to

critical U.S. centers in California and Northeast

2) Not fully capitalizing access to strong research universities and centers

3) Smaller regional capital pools and limited private R&D

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Source: Youtie & Shapira (2008). Forthcoming in The Journal of Technology Transfer

1) Lack of access to early-stage capital, especially for companies in the research phase

2) Lack of access to university equipment & facilities, especially for companies involved in nanotech research

3) NC university nanotech programs do not have significant industry collaborations

Source: Bozeman, Hardin, & Link (2007). Presentation at the 2007 Tech Transfer Society Conference.Research paper forthcoming in Economics of Innovation and New Technologies, 2008.

Challenges & Opportunities

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Sample Findings:Public Understanding & Leadership

• 2004 national survey found that Americans hold a generally positive view of nanotech and believe potential benefits outweigh potential risks

• But more than 80% of those surveyed indicated they had heard “little” or “nothing” about nanotech, and most could not correctly answer factual questions about it

• NC companies using nanotechnology feel strongly that public understanding of and public leadership support is critical for successful development of nanotechnology businesses

• To date, nanotech has received limited attention by the public, policy makers, and the media in NC

Source: Cobb and Macoubrie, 2004

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Conclusion

• Nanotech will have profound and widespread impacts on society and the economy

• NC is strong overall in nanotech (particularly university R&D) but needs to strengthen certain weaker linkages and areas (industry R&D, commercialization, and workforce development)

• To successfully grow nanotech-based clusters, NC will increasingly need to incorporate nanotech into its economic development strategies

• NC’s Nanotech Roadmap outlines critical steps for advancing nanotech in NC