testis & spermatic cord

TESTIS AND SPERMATIC CORD

Introduction

• Male gonad.• Homologous with ovary.• Function:-

– Production of spermatozoa.

– Secretion of testosterone.• Shape :-

– Oval/ellipsoid.• Measurements:-

– 4x3x2.5 cms

External features

• Two poles.• Two surfaces.• Two borders.

• Epididymis

Covering

• Tunica vaginalis.– Persistent lower

portion of processus vaginalis.

• Tunica albuginea.– Thick dense layer of

fibrous tissue. • Tunica vasculosa.– Inner most vascular

layer lining the lobules.

Structure

Blood supply

• Arterial supply:-– Testicular

artery• Venous

drainage:-– Pampinifor

m plexus of veins.

Lymphatic drainage

Descent of testis

•WHY???• Testis develops in the abdominal cavity.• Processus vaginalis.• Gubernaculum testis.• Sequence:-

– Loin to iliac fossa – 3rd month of IUL.– Deep inguinal ring – 4th – 7th IUL.– In the inguinal canal – 7 th IUL.– External Inguinal ring – 8th IUL.– Scrotum – 9th month.

Descent of testis

Factors responsible for descent

• Differential growth of the body wall.• Increased intra-abdominal pressure &

temperature.• Hormones ( male hormones produced by

testis)• Contraction of gubernaculum.

Embryological remnants • Appendix of testis

– Remnant of mullerian duct.

• Appendix of epididymis.– Mesonephric remnant

APPLIED

Hydrocele

Varicocele– Reasons:-• ???

Testicular Ca

Imperfect descent of the testis

• May be incomplete descent or ectopia testis.• Cryptorchidism – absence of testis in one

scrotum.• Incomplete descent :- types• Ectopia testis – deviation from the normal

path of descent.

Undescended Testis

Torsion of testis

EPIDIDYMIS

Epididymis

• Comma shaped structure.• Made up of highly coiled tubes that act as

reservoirs of the spermatozoa.• Parts:-– Head, body , tail.– Head connected to the upper pole of testis by

efferent ductules.

SPERMATIC CORD