terrestrial biomes what is a biome? a biome is a geographic area with the same climate, flora, and...
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What is a biome?What is a biome?
A biome is a geographic area with the same climate, flora, and fauna.
Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors
Abiotic factors: never living things of the environment.
– Examples: soil, air, light, temperature, water
Biotic factorsBiotic factors
Biotic factors: living or once living things of the environment.
Examples: people, bacteria, animals, plants, fungi, insects, dead plants and animals, etc.
Terrestrial Biomes: differ by Terrestrial Biomes: differ by location, plants, and animalslocation, plants, and animals
Temperate/Deciduous Forest (TDF) Tropical Rain Forest (TRF) Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Forest Tropical Grassland/Savanna Temperate Grassland/Prairie Tropical Desert Cold Desert Chaparral Tundra Mountain
Biomes of the WorldBiomes of the WorldEach of the world’s biomes has its own unique
characteristics.
3 Main Climate Zones3 Main Climate ZonesPolar to 66.5 N
Temperate
66.5N to 23.5N
Tropical 23.5 N to 23.5 S
Temperate
66.5S to 23.5S
Polar to 66.5 S
Polar ZonePolar Zone
Located from the Poles to 66.5
N and S.Coldest Temperatures of all 3 zonesTundra BiomeTaiga Biome
Temperate ZoneTemperate Zone
Located from 66.5 N and S to 23.5
N and S. Change of Seasons Experience hot and cold temperatures. Temperate Forest Prairie Chaparral Desert
Tropical ZoneTropical Zone
Located from 23.5 N to 23.5 S.Area along the equator.Receives most solar radiation.High temperatures/Precipitation variesDesertRain forestSavanna
Earth’s Climate ZonesEarth’s Climate Zones
Complete the diagram: Draw the lines at the correct latitude and label the lines of latitude. Label the zones: Temperate, Tropical and Polar. Color the Tropical zone red, the Temperate zone green and the Polar zone blue.
Temperate Deciduous ForestTemperate Deciduous Forest
Temperature: -22 to 86º FahrenheitPrecipitation: 24-60 inches annuallyCharacteristics:
– Has 4 distinct seasons– You live here– Leaves change color in autumn
Zone: Temperate
Temperate Deciduous ForestTemperate Deciduous Forest
Flora: the plants of a biome– Examples: oak tree, maple tree, azaleas, shrubs,
grasses
Fauna: the animals of a biome– Examples: ants, deer, turkeys, frogs, eagles
Interesting facts:– Deciduous trees lose their leaves to conserve
water
Temperate Deciduous ForestTemperate Deciduous Forest
Covers 1/3 of the Earth’s area
Dominated by trees and woody vegetation
Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year
Animal life includes many things such as bears, deer,and rodents
Pictures of TDF FloraPictures of TDF Flora White oak, Genus:
Uercus Species: albaLady Fern,
Genus: Athyrium Species: felix-femina
Pictures of TDF faunaPictures of TDF fauna American Bald Eagle European Red Squirrel White-tailed Deer
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest Temperature: 75 to 85º Fahrenheit Precipitation: 50-260+ inches annually
Characteristics: – 12 hours of daylight– 2 seasons: rainy and dry– Poor soil
Interesting facts: – Most diverse biome– Many plants there could be used for medicines.– 85% of the world’s TRF have been deforested.
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain ForestThe Rain Forest is made of 3 layers:
– The first layer is the canopy.– The second layer is the understory.– The third is the forest floor.
The Rain Forest contains about 45% of all animal species in the world making it the biome with highest biological diversity.
TRF Flora and FaunaTRF Flora and Fauna
Flora: the plants of a biome– Examples: orchids, ferns, trees—would
find many buttress trunks here– Fauna of the TRF is very shallow rooted.
Fauna: the animals of a biome– Examples: birds, bats, insects, frogs, &
small mammals
Flora of the TRFFlora of the TRF
BougainvilleaGenus: BougainvilleaSpecies: spectabilis
Mangrove Forests
TualangCommon Names: Mengaris, Honey Bee Tree, DëohGenus: KoompassiaSpecies: excelsa
Fauna of the TFRFauna of the TFR
Golden Lion TamarinGenus: LeontopithecusSpecies: rosalia
African Forest ElephantCommon Names: Pygmy ElephantGenus: LoxodontaSpecies: cyclotis
Toco ToucanGenus: PamphastosSpecies: toco
Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous ForestForest
Temperature: 14 to 57º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 14-30 inches annually
Zone: Temperate
FYI: Current extensive logging may soon cause the taiga to disappear.
Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous ForestForest
Characteristics: – Animals migrate, hibernate, or insulate to
survive.– Cone shape of trees helps them shed
snow & prevents damage to trees.– Soil is low in nutrients & high in acid. Why?– Found in the Northern Hemisphere near
the polar region & very few people live there.
Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous ForestForest
Interesting facts:– Find in Moscow, Toronto, etc.– Taiga is the Russian word for marshy pine
forest.– It is home to bogs and ponds.– It has some permafrost but not as much as
the tundra.– It occupies about 17% of the Earth’s land
area.
Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous Taiga/Boreal Forest/Coniferous ForestForest
Flora of the Taiga:– Include conifers (cone-producing plants)
such as spruce, firs, and pines– Rarely see birch and aspen trees
(deciduous trees)
Fauna of the Taiga:– Include moose, deer, bears, bobcats,
squirrels, moles, eagles, birds, and insects
Taiga FloraTaiga Flora
Eastern Red CedarCommon Names: Red Cedar, grave yard treeGenus: JuniperusSpecies: virginiana
Black SpruceCommon Names: Black Spruce, Bog Spruce, Swamp Spruce, épinette noireGenus: PiceaSpecies: mariana
Taiga FaunaTaiga Fauna
Long-Eared OwlCommon Names: Cat OwlGenus: AisoSpecies: otus
Snowshoe RabbitCommon Names: Varying HareGenus: LepusSpecies: americanus
American Black BearGenus: UrsusSpecies: americanus
WolverineGenus: GuloSpecies: luscus
Tropical Grassland/SavannaTropical Grassland/Savanna
Temperature: 61 to 93º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 20-50 inches annually
Zone: Tropical
Tropical Grassland/SavannaTropical Grassland/Savanna
Characteristics: – Has trees– Has wet and dry seasons– Dry season is always followed by fire and
is necessary for survival of the savanna.
Tropical Grassland/SavannaTropical Grassland/Savanna Flora: grass, trees, and shrubs
Elephant GrassCommon Name: Napier grass, Uganda grassGenus: PennistumSpecies: purpureum
Jackal Berry TreeCommon Names: Jackalberry Tree, Jakkalbessie, African EbonyGenus: DiospyrosSpecies: mespiliformis
Tropical Grassland/SavannaTropical Grassland/Savanna Fauna: giraffe, zebras, gazelles, elephants,
wildebeests
Grant's ZebraCommon Names: Plains ZebraGenus: EquusSpecies: burchelli bohmi
Wildebeest
Temperate Grassland (Prairie)Temperate Grassland (Prairie)
Temperature: -40 to 100 +º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 20-35 inches annually
Zone: Temperate
Temperate GrasslandTemperate Grassland
Characteristics:– Few grasslands left due to clearing of land
for farms—for croplands
Interesting facts: – Biome with the richest/most fertile soil
Temperate Grassland Temperate Grassland Flora: grasses, flowers, and
trees, only near water
Fauna: spiders, insects, rabbits, coyotes, mice, prairie dogs
Tropical DesertsTropical Deserts
Temperature: -0.4 to 120º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: less than 20 inches annually
Zone: Tropical
Tropical DesertsTropical DesertsCharacteristics:
– Cover 1/5 of the Earth’s surface
– Have rich soil
– Hot and dry
Interesting facts:– 4 deserts in North America
– Plants have shallow roots near the soil surface, waxy coverings, & spiny leaves to conserve water.
– Sahara Desert in Africa is the world’s largest, covering over 3.5 million acres of land.
Fauna examples: also include Fauna examples: also include spiders, insects, birdsspiders, insects, birds
Desert Kangaroo Rat
Genus: DipodomysSpecies: deserti
Sonoran Pronghorn AntelopeCommon Names: Genus: AntilocartaSpecies: americana sonoriensis
CoyoteCommon Names: CoyoteGenus: CanisSpecies: latrans
Desert TortoiseCommon Names: Gopher TortoiseGenus: GopherusSpecies: agassizii
Fauna ExamplesFauna ExamplesSonoran Desert ToadCommon Names: Sonoran ToadGenus: BufoSpecies: alvarius
Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy OwlGenus: GlaucidiumSpecies: brasilianum cactorum
Flora: Also include shrubs, small Flora: Also include shrubs, small trees, yuccas, and agaves trees, yuccas, and agaves
Joshua TreeGenus: YuccaSpecies:
brevifolia
Saguaro CactusGenus: CarnegieaSpecies: gigantea
Agave
Blue agave farm in MexicoBlue agave farm in Mexico
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Agave plant Agave plant in bloom—in bloom—
called called century century plants in plants in the south the south since they since they
take 25 take 25 years to years to bloombloom
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Aloe Vera not to be confused Aloe Vera not to be confused with Agavewith Agave
Polar (cold) DesertPolar (cold) Desert
Temperature: 28-79º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 6-10 inches annually
Zone: polar
Polar desert characteristics & Polar desert characteristics & factsfacts
Cold winters with high precipitation
Short summers
Soil is heavy and salty
Find in Antarctica, Greenland, and Asia
Fauna of the Cold DesertFauna of the Cold Desert Emperor penguins and gazelles
Flora of the cold desertFlora of the cold desert
Lichen
Pin cushion mossFire moss (above and algae below)
ChaparralChaparral
Temperature: 50-104º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 15-40 inches annually
Zone: Temperate
Chaparral Chaparral
Characteristics:– shrubby coastal
area with hot, dry summers and cool, mild, wet winters
Interesting Facts:– Shallow-rooted
plants– Drought and fire
are common– Plants are
adapted to fire
Chaparral Flora Examples: Also Chaparral Flora Examples: Also include scrub oak, cacti, yuccasinclude scrub oak, cacti, yuccas
Common SagebrushCommon Name: Sagebrush, Big SagebrushGenus: Artemisia
Species: tridentata
Blue OakCommon Name: Californis Blue Oak, Iron Oak, Mountain White Oak, Mountain OakGenus: QuecusSpecies: douglasii
Chaparral Fauna Examples:Chaparral Fauna Examples:Also include birds, insects, & reptilesAlso include birds, insects, & reptiles
Black-tailed JackrabbitGenus: LepusSpecies: californicus
Golden JackalGenus: CanisSpecies: aureus
Bezoar GoatCommon Names: wild goatGenus: CapraSpecies: aegagrus
TundraTundra
Characteristics:– Coldest of all biomes– Low diversity– Experiences large
changes in population numbers due to migration
Interesting facts:– Much permafrost
found in this layer– Animals migrate,
hibernate, or insulate to survive the cold of this biome.
TundraTundra Flora: lichen, hedges,
shrubs Fauna: hares, birds, wolves, elk, sheep
Caribou MossCommon Name: Caribou Moss, Reindeer LichenGenus: CladoniaSpecies: rangiferina
Arctic FoxCommon Names: Polar Fox, White FoxGenus: LagopusSpecies: alopex
CaribouCommon Names: Caribou, ReindeerGenus: RangiferSpecies: tarandus
Mountain/AlpineMountain/Alpine
Temperature: 10-59º Fahrenheit
Precipitation: 12 inches annually
Zone: temperate
Mountain/AlpineMountain/AlpineCharacteristics:
– Too cold and too much UV from sun, causing few organisms to live there
– Found at elevations of 10,000 feet– Animals migrate, hibernate, or insulate
to survive the cold of this biome.– Animals have shorter tails, legs, & ears
to reduce heat loss. – Animals have larger lungs and more red
blood cells
Mountain/AlpineMountain/Alpine Interesting facts:
– Very dry– Cover 16% of Earth’s surface area– Sandy, rocky, well drained soil– Temperature can go from warm to freezing
in a few hours to a day– Rainshadow effect– Every 3,280 feet increase in elevation = 18
degree drop in temperature
Mountain flora and faunaMountain flora and fauna
Not many plants because of little carbon dioxide.
Find small plants near the ground and dwarf trees, grasses, heaths, and shrubs.
Fauna include goats, sheep, elk, beetles, grasshoppers, and butterflies.
Mountain flora examplesMountain flora examplesBristlecone PineGenus: PinusSpecies: longaeva
Pygmy BitterrootCommon Names: Alpine Bitterroot, PurshGenus: LewisiaSpecies: pygmaea
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