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Technical Descriptions
Mechanism and ProcessLESSON 5
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OBJECTIVES
Distinguish description of mechanism
from description of a process.
Appreciate the need for writing technical
description.
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Technical Description
Is widely used in Technical writing.
It provide readers with precise
details about the physicalfeatures, appearance, or
composition of objects,mechanisms, and processes.
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Technical description combines words
and visuals to create a picture aclear mental image of a product or
a process. It is an instructional piece
of writing that teaches the reader
the physical qualities, dimensions,
materials, and use of mechanism.This should be a clear and accurate
word picture.
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Technical description can be a part
of a larger written work or it canbe complete in itself. In most
cases it will be a particular
section of a larger work such as
an operations manual or
technical report, sales literature,manuals, magazine articles, and
brochures. (Shelton,1994)
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As you plan what is to be included
in your descriptions in your
document, you need to consideryour readers knowledge of the
subject and what they need yourinformation.
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Technical Description can be
divided into two basic types.
The description of mechanism
The description of a process
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Technical description of
mechanism
- can be about everything from
new machines, devices,
equipment consisting of moving
identifiable parts that worktogether as a system.
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Examples:
Compact disc player
Flashlight
Lawn mover
Overhead projector
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Technical description of a
process
- Can be about everything from
processes that are controlled and
manipulated by people to natural
process that may be virtually
uncontrolled but neverthelessobserved and monitor by people. It is
an activity that takes place over time.
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Examples:
Formation of the Earth
How steel is made
How plants perform
photosynthesis
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Technical description of
mechanism
Technology involves physical devises
called mechanisms. A description of
mechanism is an assembly of
movable parts having one part fixed
with respect to a frame of referenceand designed to produce an effect. It
is designed to convey to the reader a
technical understanding of the
function, appearance, and operation
of a particular object.
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In a description of mechanism, the
detailed discussion of thephysical aspects of a thing is
emphasized. This means
discussing things like color, shape,
weight, height, width, thickness,
texture, density, contents, andquantifiable details such as
numbers.
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Structure of Mechanism
Descriptions
1. A title or section heading
If the description of mechanism
is to be a separate document,
give it a title. If the description is
to be a part of a longerdocument, give it a section
heading.
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2. Introduction
Plan the introduction to your
description carefully. Make sure it
does all of the following things that
apply to your particular description:
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a. What is it?
b. What is its function?
c. What does it looks like?
d. How does it work?
e. What are its principal parts?
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Remember.
You may not need all of the
elements, and some of them can
be combined neatly into singlesentences. The introduction
ought to be brisk and to thepoint.
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3. Discusion
The Part-by-Part Description
Just like the introduction, treat
each major part as a separate
item.
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Part 1
Define the first part with a technical
definition, adding extensions as needed
to deal with theory or operating
principles.
Describe the parts shape, color, material,finish, texture, and size as well as other
physical attributes appropriate for the
mechanism and its function. You may add figures, diagrams, and
photographs as necessary.
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Part 2 For each remaining part, repeat
the pattern of defining,
describing and transitioningestablished for Part 1.
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The Conclusion
At some point in a description, often atthe end, it is useful to summarize the
operation or process associated with
the object youre describing. Acommon technique for concluding
descriptions of mechanisms and
some objects is to describe briefly
how the parts function together.
Give a sense of finality to the paper.
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Example of a technical description of
a mechanism.
Rayovac Workhorse Flashlight
The Rayovac Workhorse is a hand-sized plastic flashlight, easily
portable, which will fit into most
automobile glove compartments.(See Figure 1)
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The Workhorse's overall length is 6
inches, with a diameter of 2 inches
at the head of the flashlight,tapering to 1-1/4 inches in
diameter at the batterycompartment. The body of the
Workhorse, basically cylindrical in
shape, is of matte black, high-
impact plastic, ribbed for a secure
handgrip.
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The Workhorse flashlight consists
of two major parts: (a) the body,containing the battery
compartment and the switch, and
(b) the bulb assembly, containing
the reflector, the bulb, and the
connector. The flashlight ispowered by two 1.5 volt size C
batteries.
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Figure 1. Rayovac Workhorse
Flashlight
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Body
The body of the Rayovac Workhorse
Flashlight is 5-5/8 inches, with a
diameter of 2 inches at the screw, or
head end, tapering to 1-1/4 inches atthe battery compartment. The interior
of the screw end is threaded, allowing
for connection with the bulb assembly.(See Figure 2 for an illustration of the
complete flashlight assembly.)
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Battery compartment. The battery
compartment holds the batteries,the power source for the flashlight.
The compartment is cylindrical, 3-1/2
inches long and 1-1/4 inches indiameter, with a coiled metal spring
on the interior of the closed end, and
a 1/4-inch wide strip of gold-colored
metal running along one interior side
of the compartment.
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The compartment holds two 1.5-volt C
batteries, in a stacked position, withthe negative end of the lowermost
battery in contact with the spring,
and the positive end of thelowermost battery supporting the
negative end of the uppermostbattery. The open end of the battery
compartment closes with the
insertion of the bulb assembly.
S it h Th it h t th fl hli ht
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Switch. The switch turns the flashlight on
and off. the flashlight switch is located on
the body of the Workhorse 1-1/2 inchesfrom the screw end. The switch is of
round white plastic, designed to be
activated with the thumb of the handholding the flashlight. When the switch is
pushed forward, towards the larger endof the flashlight, the light turns on. When
the switch is returned to the original
position, the light turns off.
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Figure 2. Components of the Rayovac
Workhorse Flashlight
lb bl
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Bulb Assembly
The bulb assembly of the flashlight consists
of the reflector, the bulb, and theconnector. When fully assembled, the
bulb assembly is 2 inches long, with adiameter of 2 inches at the reflector end
reducing to 3/4 inch at the contact end of
the connector. The bulb assemblycompletes the flashlight by screwing into
the end, or head end of the body of the
flashli ht.
R fl t Th fl t ifi d j t
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Reflector. The reflector magnifies and projects
the light generated by the battery-powered
bulb. When viewed from the larger end, the
reflector consists of a transparent flat plastic
cover over a chrome-colored reflective plastic
concavity with a central hole. The elementsare permanently attached together and
housed in a matte black plastic. The reflector
screws into the connector on one end, andthe midsection of the reflector provides the
main screw for attachment to the flashlight
body.
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Bulb. The light source for the Workhorse is a
glass bulb, 1/2 inch long, permanently fused
onto a cylindrical metal base 1/2 inch longand 3/8 inch in diameter. The bottom of the
metal base has a protrusion, providing the
electrical connection between the bulb andconnector. The bulb itself contains a metallic
filament, one-half the length of the glass
portion of the bulb, surrounded, at a pointhalfway up the length, by a clouded white
plastic-like material.
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Connector. The connector connects the
reflector and bulb to the battery power
source. The connector is of black plastic,ringed with a metallic collar 3/8 inch wide.
The closed end of the connector is mounted
with a 5/6 inch-square gold-colored metalstrip. The metal strip facilitates the connection
between the bulb and the batteries. The open
end of the connector is threaded to allowjoining with the bulb and reflector.
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When fully assembled, the Rayovac
Workhorse Flashlight is a sturdy
easily held tool providing light
sufficient for regular outdoor andemergency use. The compact size
makes the flashlight easily portable,
and batteries and bulb are readilyaccessible for replacement.
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Technical Description of a Process
A process description is an explanation of how
a series of actions leads to a specific result. It
explains how things work or made. Process
description differ from instructions and
procedures since they are not intended to
guide readers in performing actions, but onlyunderstanding them. It is written as a
narrative, without listed steps or commands,
describing four possible types of actions.
Actions that occur in nature such as how diamonds
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Actions that occur in nature, such as how diamonds
form, how liver functions, or how typhoon
develops.
Actions that produce a product, such as how coins
are made, how hollow blocks are made.
Actions that make up a partial task, such how gold
is mined, how blood is tested for cholesterol levels.
Actions in the past, such as how Egyptians built the
pyramid or how the walls of Intramuros were built.
It can be carried out by people, by machines, or by
nature. It simply describes the stages of an action or
a system.
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Structure of a Process Description
1. A title or section headingIf the process description is to be a
separate document, add a title. If the
description is to be a part of a longer
document, add a section heading. Write
a title that clearly indicates the subjectand whether the description is general
or particular.
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2. The introduction
Include in the introduction enoughdetails about the process so that the
readers understand the principles
underlying it and the conditions underwhich it takes place. Define the process
and provide an overview. Explain what it
functions, where and when it takes place,
who or what performs it, how it works.
3 The Step-by-Step description of the
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3. The Step-by-Step description of the
process
Explain the stages of the process in theexact sequence in which they normally
occur. Describe each stage by defining it
and explaining hoe it fits the overallprocess, noting any dangerous or special
conditions, describing exactly how it
occurs, who or what does the action, and
stating the results at the end of a
particular stage.
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4. The Conclusion
Explain the expected results of the
process, what the results mean, and
how this process influences orinteracts with others.
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