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4 Tectonic Activity Total for this question: 15 marks 2004 (a) Study Figure 6, on the insert, which shows the effects of the eruption of Mount St Helensin 1980.

(i) Using Figure 6, describe two effects of the eruption on the natural environment.

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.......................................................................................................................... (2 marks)(ii) Using Figure 6, explain how the eruption may have affected the local people.

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(b) Mount St Helens is part of the Cascade Range of young fold mountains. With the aid of a diagram(s), explain the formation of young fold mountains.

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(6 marks)

(c) Describe the physical features of a range of young fold mountains that you have studied.

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Study Figure 4, which shows the distribution of major earthquakes.

(a) Describe

and explain the

distribution of major earthquakes shown in Figure 4.

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(4 marks)

(a)Study Figure 5, which shows a cross-section through an area affected by an

earthquake.

(i) On Figure 5, clearly mark and label the following:

Focus

Epicentre

(ii) Explain where you would expect the greatest loss of life to occur from the

earthquake shown in Fig 5.

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(3 marks)

(b)For an earthquake or volcano eruption you have studied, describe the short-term

and long-term responses to the disaster.

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(6 marks)

(a) Study Figure 4, which shows information about the earthquake in the Indian Ocean

on 26 December 2004.

(i) Give two features of the earthquake in the Indian Ocean in 2004.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Suggest why the loss of life was so great in Sumatra, part of an LEDC.

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(4 marks)

(a)Study Figure 5, which shows the area around Mount Vesuvius, a volcano in Italy.

Figure 5

Describe the advantages of living near to volcanoes such as Vesuvius.

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(3 marks)

(c) Explain how one type of volcano is formed.

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(6 marks)

(a) (i) On the outline below, draw a cross-section through Mauna Loa, a volcano in

Hawaii. The volcano is 10 000 metres high and has a diameter of 400 kilometres.

(ii) Mauna Loa is a shield volcano. Explain the characteristics of shield volcanoes and

how they are formed.

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(6 marks)

(b) Describe one advantage of living near a volcano.

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(2 marks)

(c) Using a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied, describe the short-term

responses to the disaster.

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(4 marks)

(a) Study Figure 5 which shows the distribution of volcanoes.

(a) (i) Give two facts about the distribution of volcanoes.

Fact

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(2 marks)

(a) (ii) The location of Mount St Helens, an active volcano in the USA, is shown on Figure

5. This volcano occurs at a compressional (destructive) plate boundary.

(b) Study Figure 6, on the insert, which shows information about the area north of the

crater of Mount St Helens.

Describe the varied opportunities for tourism.

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(3 marks)

(c) Earthquakes are another example of tectonic activity.

Using an example, describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake.

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(6 marks)