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Technology Workshop
Lesson 1Introduction and Overview
Carol A. LEWIS, Ph.D. Director, Center for Transportation Training & Research
Associate Professor, Texas Southern University
ExpectationsExpectationsExpectationsExpectations
What do you hope to gain from this
course?
ExpectationsExpectationsExpectationsExpectations
That attendees would gain knowledge about making technology decisions …
� Improve effectiveness of transportation service
� Increase efficiencies in operations
� Enhance customer satisfaction
� Encourage and facilitate coordination
SpecificallySpecificallySpecificallySpecifically
� Gain or Expand Knowledge about Applicable Technologies
� Assess Your Transit System; Imagine the Role New Technologies Might Have
� Consider Short and Long Term Future Role of New Technologies
� Understand Acquisition and Maintenance Costs of New Technologies
Technology Workshop
Lesson 2Technology Applications
Jeff Arndt, Texas Transportation Institute
California
Dreaming
Were you there when the
FUTUREFUTUREFUTUREFUTUREarrived?
The Dog or the
Tail?
Issue 1:
Disruption
Issue 2: The “Five
Minute” Quandry
METROLift
• ADA Paratransit
• About 100 vans (early 1990’s)
IVOMS
Transit Goals
• Reliable, safe, comfortable service
• Customer-friendly and simple
• Efficiency
• Effectiveness
Reliable Service
• On-time
• No disruption
“Before” Reliability
Check
Guideposts
Global Positioning
System (GPS)
• Uses constellation of
32 Medium Earth Orbit
satellites.
• Require 4 be visible for readings
• Other systems in implementation:
– GLONASS (Russia)
– Galileo (Europe)
– COMPASS (China)
– IRNSS (India)
Satellite
Visibility
Automatic Vehicle
Location: Technology
Cornerstone
• Provides locational information
– Schedule adherence
– Activate priority signal treatment
– Locate passenger ons and offs
– Research operating questions
– Research running time
– Find bus in “distress”
The AVL Surprise
80%
60%
Dispatch & AVL
• Real time response focused on major exceptions
• Can “playback”
actual service for
research
Scheduling Data
Source: TCRP Report 126
Signal Priority
• Emergency vehicles preempt the signal
• Non-emergency vehicles receive signal priority
– Extending green cycle
– Shorten red cycle
– Recovery cycle impacts
Selective Priority
Adjusts signal timing only when trip is running more
than pre-selected amount of time late
Supportive
Operating Strategies
• Bus stop placement
• Service design
– Limited stop services
– Bus Rapid Transit
Vehicle
Maintenance
Safety
• Personal safety (security)
• Operational safety
Silent Alarm
Enhancements
• Step One: Reactive
– AVL-assisted location
– Transmission to multiple consoles
– Open microphone
– Destination sign
Video
Surveillance
• On-vehicle, with DVR
• At facilities, broadcasting
Comfortable
• Information
• Capacity
• Value-added
Real-time
Information
• AVL system is again foundational
• Delivery systems
– Information kiosks
– Internet
– PDA
Handling
Capacity
• Automatic passenger counters
• Link to vehicle location
Which Works?
OR….
Annunciation
•External announcement of next bus(es) arrival
•External announcement of route/branch
•Internal announcement of next stop
•Internal display of next stop
Wifi
Passenger -Friendly
Interfaces
• Getting introduction to system
• Planning trips on system
• Improving feedback to demand-response patrons
• Fare technology
Trip Planners
• Web-based
• Google system
• Interactive voice response (IVR)
Paratransit
Fare Technology
• Smart Card
Interoperability
Performance
Management
Benefits
• You are either serving the customer OR serving someone who is
• What’s good for the customer is good for the business
Efficiency
• Matching service supply and demand
• Capital investment to save long-term operating dollars
Assisting
Dispatch
Bottom Line
• Technology supports
– Improved service quality
– Increases service efficiency
– Simplified access to information
– Customized customer feedback
Why?
Lesson 3
Identify Transit
System Needs
Suzie Edrington, Texas Transportation Institute
Lisa Cortinas, Golden Crescent Regional Planning Commission
Identify Needs
Three Steps:
1. Assess the existing system
2. Predict future needs
3. Analyze current business processes
FTA, “A Guidebook for Planning APTS/ITS Applications for Rural Transit Systems”
GCRPC Case
Study
Step 1: Assess
Existing System
Assess strengths and
weaknesses of the
current operation
Document goals and
objectives
Identify technology that may
help to accomplish goals and
objectives
STEP 1
Step 1: Assess
Existing System
Assess strengths and
weaknesses of the
current operation
STEP 1
GCRPC Case
Study
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
Victoria Dewitt GonzalesGoliad Calhoun Lavaca JacksonMatagorda
GCRPC Gonzales
SCA
Goliad
County
Calhoun
SCA
Lavaca
CountyFriends of Elder Citizens
Fleet Fleet FleetFleet Fleet Fleet
Step 1A. Assess Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths:
• Automated routing and scheduling system
• Dispatchers know many of the patrons because locally dispatched
• Good relationship and communication with service providers
• Service providers all provide same types of service – understanding requirements
• Fleet insured under one umbrella for entire region
Weaknesses:
• Rural vehicles sitting idle waiting for passengers – long distance trips
• Service providers use different types of communication systems and internet providers
• Some overlap of service – trips to same destination
• Each subcontractor continues to do their own call taking, scheduling, and dispatching manually
• Each service provider schedules and dispatches services independently – no cross-utilization of fleets, trips cannot be grouped, vehicles less productive
Step 1A. Assess Strengths and Weaknesses
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
Step 1: Assess
Existing System
Document goals and
objectives
STEP 1B
GCRPC – Regional Goals:
• Improve delivery of transportation services,
• Generate efficiencies in operation,
• Enhance customer service satisfaction, and
• Encourage cooperation and coordination
Step 1B. Document goals and objectives
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
GCRPC – Regional Objectives:
• Eliminate gaps in services,
• Increase staff efficiency in reporting of data,
• Efficient utilization of staff and vehicle resources,
• Develop strategies to provide for increased accessibility to transit information.
Step 1B. Document goals and objectives
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
Step 1: Assess
Existing System
Identify technology that may
help to accomplish goals and
objectives
STEP 1C
Step 1C. Identify technology to accomplish goals and
objectives
GCPRC used the following best practices to learn about transit technologies:
•Visit other transit systems
•Attend conferences
•Develop a relationship with local educational institutions
•Educate staff about technology through training
•Know stakeholders and look at the possibilities
•Hold a workshop
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
Step 1C. Identify technology to accomplish goals and
objectives
GCRPC Workshop
What was learned:•Wireless communications systems will allow the
agency to consolidate dispatch into one facility
•Centralization will allow use of scheduling software
more efficiently and to store customer information in one database.
•Three options available to GCRPC
Step 1: Assess Existing
System
Option 1
Step 1: Assess Existing
SystemGCRPC – Identify technology to accomplish goals and
objectives
Victoria Dewitt GonzalesGoliad Calhoun Lavaca JacksonMatagorda
GCRPC Gonzales
SCA
Goliad
County
Calhoun
SCA
Lavaca
CountyFriends of Elder Citizens
Fleet Fleet FleetFleet Fleet Fleet
Calhoun Dewitt GonzalesGoliad Jackson Lavaca VictoriaMatagorda
Central Scheduling
and Dispatch
Fleet
Reservation Reservation ReservationReservation Reservation Reservation ReservationReservation
Option 2
Step 1: Assess Existing
SystemGCRPC – Identify technology to accomplish goals and
objectives
Option 3
Calhoun Dewitt GonzalesGoliad Jackson Lavaca VictoriaMatagorda
Central Reservations,
Scheduling and Dispatch
Fleet
Step 1: Assess Existing
SystemStep 1C. Identify technology to accomplish goals and
objectives
Step 2: Predict
Future Needs
Consider how the transit
system might change or
expand
Relate future plans to
goals and objectives
Consider how different
technology application now can
help to accomplish future plans
STEP 2
Step 2: Predict
Future Needs
Consider how the transit
system might change or
expand
STEP 2A
Step 2.A Consider How Transit
System Might Change
GCRPC future changes:
• Expansions to major employers such as the So
Tx Nuclear Power Plant in Matagorda County.
Expansion of employee shuttles to and from
plant
• University system change from a 2 year
university to a 4 year, creating opportunities for increasing student transportation.
Step 2: Predict Future Needs
Step 2: Predict Future NeedsStep 2A. Consider how system might change or
expand
GCRPC:
Pilot Project – Goliad County
GCRPC based on feedback and needs of Goliad County Option 3 – Centralized Reservations, Scheduling and Dispatching would be implemented
Step 2: Predict
Future Needs
Relate future plans to
goals and objectives
STEP 2B
Step 2.B Relate future plans to
goals and objectives
GCRPC future plans: • Based on pilot project – centralize dispatch function
• Expand to new employment centers
• Serve growing student population
GCRPC Objectives:• Eliminate gaps in services
• Increase staff efficiency in reporting of data
• Efficient utilization of staff and vehicle resources• Develop strategies to provide for increased accessibility
to transit information.
Step 2: Predict Future Needs
Step 2: Predict
Future Needs
Consider how different
technology application now can
help to accomplish future plans
STEP 2C
Step 2.C Consider how different
technology application now can
help to accomplish future plans
GCRPC future plans:
• Based on pilot project – centralize dispatch function
• Expand to new employment centers
• Serve growing student population
Technology considerations for future:
• Scheduling software expansion, upgrades
• Web based scheduling
Step 2: Predict Future Needs
Step 3: Analyze Business Processes
STEP 3
Evaluate business
processes
Identify time-consuming
and/or costly tasks.
Consider technology applications
to improve the identified
processes
cost / benefit
Step 3: Analyze Business Processes
STEP 3A
Evaluate business
processes
Step 3: Analyze Business
ProcessesStep 3A. Evaluate Business Processes
GCRPC -Central dispatch business processes:
•Telephone reservations system
•Scheduling system
•Routing trips
•Preparing and distributing driver manifests
•Communicating with drivers
•Collecting and reporting data
•Reporting performance
•Handling customer requests
Step 3: Analyze Business Processes
STEP 3B
Identify time-consuming
and/or costly tasks.
Step 3: Analyze Business
ProcessesStep 3B. Identify time-consuming and/or costly
tasks
GCRPC identified –
•Improvement needed in call management
•Routing can be more effective and efficient across region
•Data is not centralized therefore collection and distribution of data is cumbersome
Step 3: Analyze
Business Processes
STEP 3C
Consider technology applications
to improve the identified
processes -
cost / benefit
Step 3: Analyze Business
ProcessesStep 3C. Consider technology
applications to improve business
processes
GCRPC technology considerations:
•Reporting enhancements in scheduling software
•GIS mapping requirements
•Telephone capacity
•Integrating multiple communication systems
•Mobile data computers
•Web system possibilities
Lessons Learned
GCRPC:
• Technology changes fast
• Perform a comprehensive communications/radio analysis.
• Web-based solutions may be appropriate
• Learn from the experiences of other systems of similar size and complexity
Lesson 3:
Identify Needs
Three Steps:
1. Assess the existing system
2. Predict future needs
3. Analyze current business processes
FTA, “A Guidebook for Planning APTS/ITS Applications for Rural Transit Systems”
Lesson 4
Cost Factors
And Funding
Carol Lewis, Ph.D., Texas Southern University
Laura Higgins, Texas Transportation Institute
Review of Day 1
� Gain or Expand Knowledge about Applicable Technologies
� Assess Your Transit System; Imagine the Role New Technologies Might Have
� Consider Short and Long Term Future Role of New Technologies
Learning
Objectives
• Predict future technology needs
• Assess the implications of new technology on the future operation
• Consider organizational structures
• Understand cost factors and possible financial resources
• Short-term and long-term goals– Future clients– Future service area
– Future partnerships
• Potential resources needed– More vehicles– More workstations
– More office locations– More partners
TransitTransitTransitTransit System, System, System, System,
Now and LaterNow and LaterNow and LaterNow and Later
Imagine the
Future
Source: http://www.easttransit.com/products/srtracker.html
Envision: Your
Trip in 2020
� What’s different in the geographic coverage area?
� Think about characteristics of the population – age, incomes, other traits that influence usage.
� Pretend you’re going to make a trip on your system.• How did you get information?
• Did you transfer; at what type of facility?
Some
Technology
Options
Accounting Software Demand Responsive
Automatic Passenger Counters
Routing and Scheduling Software
Vehicle Locators GIS
Communications ElecInternetMobile Data
Personnel Management Traveler Information Signal Preemption/Priority
Your Future Trip
� Was your trip seamless?
� Were all vehicles well maintained?
� Were routes and schedules optimized for
efficiency?
� Were ridership and cost data available and performance measures monitored?
From your vantage point as an operator, what technologies are needed to
ensure your dream trip happens?
Business
Structures
� How would organizational or business structures change or improve with new technology applications ?
� What in your operation takes too long? Could technology help here? Are there processes that could be streamlined?
� How could the organizational structure be improved with technology applications?
Describe Your
Area in 2020
� What’s different in the geographic coverage area?
� Think about characteristics of the population – age, incomes, other traits that influence usage.
� Pretend you’re going to make a trip on your system.• How did you get information?
• Did you transfer; at what type of facility?
How much will
it cost?
• What do you want it to do?
• How big is your transit system?
• What is in place already?
Purchase Costs
• Per license?
• Per workstation?
• Per vehicle?
• Per county?
Staff Time Costs
• Procurement
• Training
• Data entry
• Ongoing operation
Additional Costs
• Maintenance and tech support
• Communications fees
• Future upgrades and expansions
Funding Sources
• Federal and state
– Capital grants
– Demonstration grants
– CMAQ funds
• Local and private sector
– Municipalities
– Stakeholders (agencies, businesses)
Leveraging
Resources
• Group/regional procurement
• Partnering on grant applications
• Sharing facilities, services, staff
Cost Factors and
Funding
• Predict future technology needs
• Assess the implications of new technology on the future operation
• Consider organizational structures
• Understand cost factors and possible financial resources
Lesson 5Overcoming Barriers to
Installation and
Implementation of
Technology
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