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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKEWN-3010 Cisco Public
Understanding and Deploying CleanAir Technology to improve Enterprise Spectrum Management BRKEWN-3010 Jim Florwick – WNBU-TME
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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKEWN-3010 Cisco Public
Session Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:
‒ Articulate why interference matters
‒ Understand the importance of CCA, and Duty cycle as it pertains to cell capacity
‒ Understand the various CleanAir modes of operation as design components
‒ Articulate technical Details of the Cisco Solution regarding
Interference Detection
Interference Mitigation
CleanAir Monitoring
Spectrum Expert mode – what, why, when, and how
‒ Configuration essentials and Design Guidance
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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKEWN-3010 Cisco Public
Housekeeping
We value your feedback- don't forget to complete your online session evaluations after each session & the Overall Conference Evaluation which will be available online from Thursday
Visit the World of Solutions and Meet the Engineer
Visit the Cisco Store to purchase your recommended readings
Please switch off your mobile phones
After the event don’t forget to visit Cisco Live Virtual: www.ciscolivevirtual.com
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The Impact of a Crowded Spectrum Performance at Risk in Unprotected Networks
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Throughput Reduction
Interference Type Near (25 ft)
Far (75 ft)
2.4 or 5 GHz Cordless Phones 100% 100%
Video Camera 100% 57%
Wi-Fi (busy neighbor)
90% 75%
Microwave Oven 63% 53%
Bluetooth Headset 20% 17%
DECT Phone 18% 10%
Source: FarPoint Group
End User Impact
Reduced network capacity and coverage
Poor quality voice and video
Potential complete link failure
IT Manager Impact
Potential security breaches
Support calls
Increased cost of operation
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKEWN-3010 Cisco Public
How Does Interference Impact Wi-Fi? 802.11a/b/g/n - CSMA/CA or LBT (listen Before Talk)
Collision Avoidance – 802.11 very very polite – by design
‒ CCA
‒ Collisions
‒ SNR
CCA – Clear Channel Assessment
‒ ED – quick – low power - prone to false positives
‒ Preamble – takes time – power – less prone to false
CCA threshold for 802.11b/g is -65 dBm
CCA for 802.11a is different -65 dBm ED, if true then 20 dB lower for Preamble interrogation = -85 dBm
Quite common to use -85 dBm for all CCA now
Separating the FUD from the Fact’s
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CCA Blocked or High
802.11n traffic
Video Signal
Video Camera Duty Cycle 90-100%
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How Does Interference Impact Wi-Fi? Collisions - Non Wi-Fi devices do not participate in our CA mechanism – they have their own
No respect/understanding for Wi-Fi – results in:
‒ Corrupted packets
‒ Increased retransmissions
‒ Increased Duty Cycle
‒ Less available bandwidth
SNR – Signal to Noise ratio
Separating the FUD from the Fact’s
High SNR Low SNR
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802.11 and Duty Cycle – Channel Utilization
802.11 can only do two things in response to congestion
‒ Retransmit a packet
‒ Rate shift
Duty Cycle of interference is disproportionate to channel time available – duty cycle + responding retries = total impact
Busy network – less interference tolerance
Less busy – might not even notice low levels of interference
Bandwidth is like Money – the more you get the more you spend
Nobody cares about spectrum, until they run out….
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Spectrum is a Shared Finite Resource
CCK DSSS OFDM
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1 2 5.5 11 6 12 24 36 48 54 130 300
64 Byte
128 Byte
256 Byte
512 Byte
1024 Byte
2048 Bytes
Time/µS
Mbps
Frame Size/Bytes
Spectrum is a Shared Finite Resource
Understand Protocol Selection 802.11 b/g/a/n and Duty Cycle—Important? Why?
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Any Cisco Access Point Already Sees and Reports Noise and Interference Per Channel
In Wi-Fi Speak – •Noise is anything that is not Wi-Fi •Interference is Wi-Fi that is not ours
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Wi-Fi and Spectrum Knowledge – Why is Silicon Important?
A Wi-Fi chip is a communications processor – a MODEM
It only knows
‒ Energy that can be demodulated = Wi-Fi
‒ Energy that can not be demodulated = Noise
Noise is complicated –
‒ Collisions, fragments, corruption
‒ Wi-Fi that is below sensitivity threshold of the receiver
‒ As well as Non Wi-Fi sources
Peaks in Wi-Fi activity can cause all of the above to occur and Wi-Fi is bursty
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Accuracy Counts – Starts at the Sensor Everybody claiming they have SI (Spectrum Intelligence) these days Claim Parity with Cisco CleanAir (the mark to beat I guess) All Access points supported! (not really) Good Enough! CleanAir is baked into the chip – on Purpose
Cognio Acquisition Oct. 2007
Cognio in the market for 3 years – 5 Million cards sold
Accuracy in tough environments the cornerstone of value
Well aware of the problem, and the solution
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The CleanAir AP - SAgE Built into the silicon of the Wi-Fi chip is an additional 500K logic gates that house
the SAgE logic.
SAgE is the spectrum analyzer that was used on the Spectrum Expert Cards (Spectrum Analysis Engine)
Controlling the SAgE hardware is SensorD – where all measurements are performed and gathered
SensorD does all classification of devices and calculations required to populate upstream information stores and handles interfacing to CAPWAP
Information passed from the AP to controllers is minimal. No off platform calculations are performed: it all happens on the AP
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100
35
30
40
65
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Step1– CleanAir and SAgE Employs a 2 step process
‒ Identify “interesting Spectrum”
‒ Classify and measure “Unique” transmitters
Step 1 - Identifying Interesting Spectrum ‒ Need to be able to examine every wiggle and wave crossing the antenna’s
Parallel operation – SAgE must be implemented Parallel with the modem behind the Radio
‒ Must not interfere with Client Traffic – No performance impact allowed Wi-Fi Arbitration – accurately detect if energy is Wi-Fi packet and drop from SAgE processing
‒ All Spectrum that is not traffic bearing is passed to SAgE in 2 MB chunks for examination
‒ SAgE quickly indexes waveforms – and lists what it thinks for further processing in DAvE
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Step 2 – DAvE
CCB
Memory Arbitration (6)
RegI/F
Pulse Detect
TimerRadio Events
DMA(4 chan)
DAvE
DAvE clk
SAgE
STATS
FFT Stats (256)
Channel Stats (32)
Window
I/Q correction
FFT
I 2 + Q2
DC/Spur correction
10log()
Spectrum Analyzer (SA)
DC(tim
e domain)
Packing
Snapshot Buffer (SB)
...
triggers
IRQ Ctrl
...
irq
FE
FE
FE
FE
Radio
FilterFilter
FilterFilter
AGC
Cal
Select
CRIM
TDPD
GBUS
DDR
Debug
POST
Other Radio Tx (to 3rd Monitor Radio)
ADC
Once indexed samples are collected – they are passed for post processing in the DAvE
Index from SAgE is instruction to DAvE on what we think is there
DAvE (DSP accelerator Vector Engine) builds soft modems to interrogate the sample and positively classify the devices
The output from DAvE allows isolation of each individual interferer
Isolating each interferer allows Duty Cycle for each to be calculated individually – and makes a Severity metric possible as well as collecting logical information like MAC addresses for BT or DECT, or even Video Sync frames
DAvE – gives us PMAC – (covered later)
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Troubleshooting Workflow Response A: CleanAir Technology
Response B: Software-only Solution
Event: Pair of BlueTooth headsets, DECT Cordless Phone
Detect presence of interference Three unique sources detected by all APs
Possibly one – perhaps two device types detected – FH general tag
Classify source of interference Bluetooth 1 and 2, and DECT phone 1 all uniquely identified
Inability to differentiate between multiple sources of interference
Correlate interference events across APs
Interference correlated across all APs into a single locatable event for each
None – seen as unique event by each AP –and reported as such to system
Assess impact to AP and network Severity and impact of each interferer measured
Total Interference measured only
Alert to IT Intelligent alert on sources and impact One alert per AP on “interference detect”
Physically locate devices Interferers precisely located on floor map Attempting to locate varies with complexity – nearest AP common
Mitigate impact of interference Intelligent and automatic channel change – integrated with RRM
Manual changes based on limited data – or reliance on Noise only
Air Quality Report System-wide view of Wi-Fi health by AP None
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CleanAir System Map CleanAir information
can be viewed at the AP level
A CleanAir AP and a WLC form the base system – AQ and Interference data displayed in real time
NCS/WCS and MSE add context and actionable information
AP
Radio x 2
sensord
SHIM
WLC
Measurements
ConfigSAgE
Key:
IOS
MSEWCS
NSI
CAPWAP
NMSP
SOAP + SNMP (traps)
SNMP
Protocols
SE
AQ IDR
IDR AQ
System Wide Integration allows for useful information to be shared and acted upon
NCS History
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CleanAir Specific Acronyms
AQI – Air Quality Index – also seen as AQ
IDR – Interference Device Report
PMAC – Pseudo MAC
Merge – Correlation of IDR’s based on PMAC
ZOI – Zone of Impact
LMAP – Local Mode AP – AP serving clients
MMAP – Monitor Mode AP – AP scanning all bands
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Key Components Interaction
Information is driven in two ways
‒AQI – Air Quality index reporting
‒IDR – Interference device report
Air Quality – Is derived by the AP’s, Stored on WLC, and polled by WCS
Interference Device Reports – are reported to WLC
‒WLC will consolidate/merge multiple IDR’s from attached AP’s
‒Keep a limited Database (single reporting period)
‒Forward NMSP notification message with IDR payload to MSE
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AirQuality Index - AQI
Air Quality is a measurement of non-wifi and adjacent channel interference
All Individual devices when Classified are assigned a Severity Value
Air Quality is a measure of all Devices/Severities within a Radio, Floor, Building, or Campus
Good
Bad
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AirQuality – System Wide
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Air Quality and Severity
For each unique Classified Device – a Severity Value is calculated per Radio
Severity of 0 is not Severe – a Severity of 100 is very severe.
Severity is a local opinion of the reporting AP
The type of device, Duty Cycle (persistence) and Power as measured by the AP.
For the same device – severity will differ on each reporting AP because of the AP’s RF relationship to that device.
100
63
35
97
90
20
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Supported Interferers Cisco Unified Wireless Network 7.0 Release
2.4 GHz only
‒Bluetooth Link
‒Bluetooth Discovery
‒802.11FH
‒Microwave Oven
‒Industrial wireless/802.15.4
‒Xbox
5 GHz only
‒Radar
‒WiMAX Mobile
‒WiMAX Fixed
2.4 or 5 GHz
‒Jammer
‒WiFi Inverted
‒WiFi Invalid Channel
‒Continuous Transmitter
‒Video Camera
‒SuperAG
‒Canopy
‒Other (i.e. unclassified devices)
‒TDD Transmitter
‒DECT-like Phone
Definite Security Threat Devices Potential Security Threat Devices Performance Impacting Devices
1. Classifiers are expandable over time with software upgrade. 2. All third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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AirQuality and Severity
Severity is used to understand the potential impact to a Wi-Fi network
The RSSI at the AP for this interferer (-78) is well below CCA threshold (Clear Channel Assessment)
Even with duty cycle of 100% - the severity here is 17 – if it was closer to us, the severity would be much higher
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AirQuality and Severity Severity is calculated for a single unique device
All devices affecting a radio/channel are added together and subtracted from Air Quality for that radio/ served channel
Separate AQ metrics exist for each band (2.4 and 5 GHz)
AirQuality is observable at the Radio/channel level, or averaged together for a Floor, Building, Campus in a hierarchical fashion.
2 8 4 + + = 14 =
AirQuality Index : 86
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AQ Detail AP manages AQI data Averaging period is decided by
WCS/NCS/WLC Configured on AP by WLC Default AQ Averaging periods
are ‒ 15 min. default (up to 1 hour) ‒ Rapid Update Mode – 30 seconds
AP-SensorD reports AQ information every 15 seconds to IOS
SensorD
IOS
WLC
WCS
CleanAir AP 15 sec.
Normal -15 min. Rapid – 30 sec.
Normal -15 min. Rapid – 30 sec.
CleanAir AQI
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AQI In-Depth Each AQ report contains the average, and the minimum
observed AQ during the period
Each CleanAir Radio sends AQ reports independently to the WLC for the channel it is serving (15 Minutes by default) or all channels if in Monitor Mode (MMAP)
WLC Maintains last normal AQ report for each radio until update is received
WCS polls each WLC at predetermined (normal or rapid) intervals (Normal 15 minutes, Rapid 30 second)
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AQI Summary
AQ reports drive the AQI
AQ is good at 100 and bad at 0
ED-RRM feature is driven by AQ directly on the AP – the controller and RRM are aware, and updated accordingly
Air Quality is a measure of NON Wi-Fi interference and Adjacent Channel Wi-Fi only
All on channel Wi-Fi is monitored by the Wi-Fi chip, CleanAir/SAgE is locked out.
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Mitigation - ED-RRM Use Case
The AP reacts almost instantly (within 30 seconds) Clients that have decent roaming capabilities will reconnect ED-RRM AQI thresholds are:
‒ Low – 35
‒ Medium (default) – 50
‒ High – 60
‒ Custom- like it says (but be careful here)
Video camera produces 100% DC If seen at an AP above CCA threshold the AP will stop beaconing, clients will not attempt to associate
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Interference Device Report IDR and the AP
IDR’s are reports of devices classified by SAgE Top 10, by severity are reported
to WLC A Security IDR will always be
reported regardless of severity If multiple Security IDR’s then
ordered by severity IDR up/down reporting is near
real time AP tracks all IDR’s not reported
to WLC
TYPE SEV WLC SEC 1 * INT 20 * INT 9 * INT 2 * INT 2 * INT 1 * INT 1 * INT 1 * INT 1 * INT 1 * INT 1 INT 1 INT 1
SensorD
IOS
WLC
CleanAir AP
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Parameter Unit Notes
Device ID The number uniquely identifies interference device for the specific radio.
Class Type device class type
Event Type Up, Down, Update
Radio Band ID 1 = 2.4 GHz, 2 = 5 GHz, 4 = 4.9 GHz
Timestamp initial device detection time
Severity Index % 1 – 100, 0x0 is reserved for undefined/hidden severity
Detected Chanls Bitmap support for detection on multiple channels within the same radio band
Duty Cycle 1-100%
Tx Power (RSSI) dBm
Device Signature Parameter represents either unique device MAC address or device PMAC signature
Interference Device Report Message Format
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Multiple AP’s = Multiple Sensors
We see multiple AP tags showing the detection of DECT and the corresponding RSSI. But which ones are really the same device?
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IDR In-Depth – The AP - PMAC
Pseudo – MAC applied to analog device signatures
PMAC will never calculate exactly the same on all AP’s detecting the same device – but rather similar
‒ At a minimum – RSSI will be different
PMAC will change overtime for a given device
‒Battery operated devices – voltage drop – temp variations
‒Measurement accuracy – or inaccuracy
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WLC Merging – and PMAC “The Cluster”
IDR-DECT – ap1
IDR-DECT – ap2
IDR-DECT – ap3
Merged IDR = DECT – AP1 (cluster center), AP2, AP3
RF Channel “6” RF Channel “1”
RF Channel “11”
AP-1
AP-2
2.4 GHz Cordless
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PMAC Merge
•Once the PMAC Signatures are merged – we can identify which AP’s are hearing the same device •Notice the Cluster Center – this is the closest AP to the device
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WLC and PMAC Merging
WLC performs comparison function on received IDR’s PMAC
WLC can merge devices ONLY for AP’s physically connected to it
No Location is performed on WLC merged interferers
The result of a WLC merge is forwarded to the MSE (If present) along with all of the supporting IDR’s
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Location – How’s that Work? Radio Location at the simplest level is done by measuring the signal strength
of a single transmitter from enough locations to get a fix Need to know a couple of things though –
‒ Initial power of the transmitter
‒ Obstacles, introducing path loss in-between sender and receiver
‒ Accuracy/calibration of receivers being used
In Wi-Fi, Clients probe – and AP’s hear them and log their MAC address and RSSI
Non-Wi-Fi interference may or may not have a unique ID ‒ If It does – it is not a Wi-Fi MAC (DECT, BT examples)
‒ So, How do you know if it’s the same device on all reporting AP’s?
PMAC – a product of the DAvE
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Location – Why Do I Care? An Interference source with a high Duty Cycle (80%) and an RSSI of
-90 dBm = I could care less Move that closer to my AP though – and I start to care a lot Understanding the impact of interference then requires “Context”
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PMAC Summary
PMAC is calculated on all individual IDR’s at the receiving AP
Allows us to positively identify a single source interference seen by multiple sensors
Basis for Convergence – 1 device, 1 report
Location – positively identify a single transmitter, and collect multiple samples for location
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The MSE
All IDR’s received by a WLC are sent to MSE via NMSP notify with IDR payload
NMSP message includes the merged IDR and the individual IDR’s used for that conclusion
IDR’s are re-merged at the MSE, this accommodates multiple WLC systems
A tracked Interferer is equal to a client for CAS license purpose – each active merged interferer will consume 1 seat
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MSE Merging – LMAP X-WLC IDR-DECT – ap1
IDR-DECT – ap2
IDR-DECT – ap3
Merged IDR = DECT – AP3 (cluster center), AP2, AP3
RF Channel “6” RF Channel “1”
RF Channel “11” 2.4 GHz Cordless
AP-1
AP-2
AP-1
AP-2
IDR-DECT – ap4
IDR-DECT – ap5
IDR-DECT – ap6
Merged IDR = DECT – AP4 (cluster center), AP5, AP6
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MSE – WLC Merging and Location
MSE and the WLC rely 1st on RF Neighbor lists to establish spatial probability in a merge
WLC only see’s associated AP’s, has no network map
MSE has view of entire network – and location/Context engine
LMAP AP’s are active and send neighbor messages as part of normal RRM operation
Changing Neighbor message defaults will affect merging
MMAP AP’s are passive devices and do not send neighbor messages
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PDA – Use Case
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Microwave Oven detected Channel 11 – highest Impact. PDA logs the device for this AP.
A CM bias is added to this AP’s channel 11 only
The bias works in normal DCA operations to steer the AP away from channel 11 – it does not prevent the AP from re-selecting this channel
AP remembers this bias for 7 days, which is re-set if the device is seen again within that period
If DCA determines that the affected AP is best on channel 11 it will be assigned
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WLC GUI - Wireless=>802.11a/b=>RRM=>DCA
WCS – Configure=>controllers=>802.11a/b=>RRM=>DCA
Enabled Per Band Same on NCS or WLC
PDA - Configuration
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NEW! - for Release 7.2
PDA information can be propagated through RRM to legacy AP’s!
Selecting PD Propagation, allows sharing of information with Non-CleanAir AP’s through the neighbor list
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PDA Operation If channel change is caused by PDA event – it will be logged in WCS/NCS – Monitor=>RRM
PDA event is viewable on
WLC=>wireless=>Access Points=>Radios=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir RRM
Only available with full LMAP deployment
Microwave Oven, Video Camera, Canopy, Fixed Wi-Fi are all persistent devices
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WCS - Home
WCS version 7.0.x includes the CleanAir information Tab
The Alarm Summary Panel will display both AQ alerts under Performance and Security Alerts under Security
Advanced Search function includes Interference – rich interface for searches
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WCS – CleanAir TAB
802.11a average AQ
802.11b average AQ
802.11b Minimum AQ
802.11a Minimum AQ
Total 802.11a Interferers
Total 802.11b Interferers
Requires MSE to display Worst 802.11a/b interferers
Recent Security IDR’s
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NCS – Alarm Summary
Performance alarms report AQ threshold violations
Security Alarms Report security IDR instances
CleanAir Alarms and Traps configured from Configure=>Controllers=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
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CleanAir SNMP Trap Settings/Controls
Select trap configurations per band
Select which interference
Enable/Disable AQ threshold alert
Select Interference types for Security alert trap
Granular control over trap messages for performance thresholds as well as
security concerns
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NCS CleanAir Reports
CleanAir reports allow configuration by floor-controller-AP and radio
Air Quality and Security Risk Reports are all functional without MSE
Worst Interference report requires MSE
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NCS CleanAir Maps
•CleanAir Air Quality reports per radio and is averaged up: •By AP, By Floor, By Building, and by Campus •Select Edit View to add CleanAir Average and Minimum readings to the Maps View
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NCS CleanAir Maps
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Interferers displayed in this way do not require MSE – However they are Raw and not coordinated to eliminate duplicates
Selecting a map for a given floor provides detail relevant to the selected floor. You can change the AP tags to display CleanAir information such as CleanAir Status (shows which AP’s are capable), Min or average AQ values, or Average and Minimum values. The values are relevant to the band selected.
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NCS CleanAir Maps You can also view interference information being seen on any radio interface by drilling down on the AP Icon and selecting the radio
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NCS CleanAir Maps
Air Quality heatmaps can be selected to represent average or minimum AQ and Provide a visualization of the Air Quality over a mapped area.
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NCS – RRM Dashboard
RRM Dashboard has been modified to capture CleanAir metrics
Persistent device (PDA)
Major Air Quality (ED-RRM)
Noise
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NCS CleanAir Enabled Security Dashboard CleanAir Designated Security Devices are Integrated with the Security Dashboard
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NCS CleanAir Security
There are three devices enabled by Default for security – And not a single WIDs/WIPs solution on the market can see them
The customer can also add any other device that they deem appropriate ‒ Jammer ‒ Wi-Fi Inverted ‒ Wi-Fi Invalid channel
Jammers – are self explanatory – and readily available online Wi-Fi inverted is simply inverting the I and the Q of the RF signal –
very effective Off Channel is a fairly easy hack with DD-WRT – simply moving the
center frequency by a few KHz will render it invisible.
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NCS CleanAir Client Troubleshooting Integration CleanAir information is also
coordinated into the client troubleshooting dashboard
Selecting a client – and launching the client TS dashboard now adds a CleanAir tab
The TAB displays any interference source that is currently being detected by the AP the client is attached to
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Version 4.0 required that the AP be placed in Spectrum Monitor mode
Spectrum Monitor mode was available for CleanAir AP’s beginning with version 7.0 of WLC code.
A spectrum Monitor mode AP did not serve clients – perform any other monitor mode functions (aWIPS, Location enhancement, Rogue detection) it was strictly waiting to send spectrum information.
With SE version 4.1 and WLC version 7.0.116 and beyond , the AnyConnect feature allows for viewing spectrum information on an AP that is in Monitor, or local mode retaining all normal functions of those modes.
SE AnyConnect Feature
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All versions/modes of Spectrum Expert connect rely on the NSI protocol for connection
Network Spectrum Interface (NSI) is a proprietary protocol using the TCP transport directly between the AP and the Spectrum Expert console.
The AP becomes the server, and the client (Spectrum Expert) initiates the connection.
A security key is exchanged at session establishment
Spectrum Connect to CleanAir
The AP listens on ports: 37540 for 2.4 GHz 37550 for 5 GHz
Control Plane User Data Plane
NSI/TCP Connection
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Getting the NSI Key for SE Connect on the WLC
Wireless=>All AP’s=> [AP] General
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Beginning with version 4.0 of SE the opening splash screen adds the remote sensor option
You will need the IP address of the AP
You will need the NSI Key
You will need to select which radio you wish to view
Spectrum Expert Version 4.x Configuration
You can get the IP Address for the AP from Either the WLC or WCS at: Monitor=>AP’s=>802.11b/a
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Launching SE Connect from NCS Monitor=>Access Points=> Select the Spectrum expert Icon
NOTE: CleanAir Sensor is NOT a default column, user must edit the view to add
This option downloads the .ccf file And launches Spectrum Expert with the correct address and NSI key for the target AP!
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Spectrum Expert Version 4.x Configuration
IP Address Of AP
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CleanAir WLC Enable (WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers)
CleanAir is enabled by Default on the AP Interface it is disabled Globally by default on the controller.
Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
WLC CLI (Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable
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Per AP CleanAir Feature Enable Enabled by default – but the first place to check -
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NCS CleanAir Status
Monitor=>Access Points
Edit View – add CleanAir Status and CleanAir Capable
CleanAir sensor status –
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MSE – Context Aware WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters
Disabled by Default
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MSE – Context Aware - History
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>History Parameters
Disabled by Default
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BRKEWN-3010 Recommended Reading
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BRKEWN-3010
Cisco CleanAir design Guide
Cisco CleanAir – White Papers
CleanAir TechWise TV episode 67 Broadcast
Cisco AP3500 – CleanAir
Cisco AP3600 - CleanAir
Online Resources
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Complete Your Online Session Evaluation
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Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center.
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Final Thoughts
Get hands-on experience with the Walk-in Labs located in World of Solutions, booth 1042
Come see demos of many key solutions and products in the main Cisco booth 2924
Visit www.ciscoLive365.com after the event for updated PDFs, on-demand session videos, networking, and more!
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