techniques in cognitive neuroscience transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms)
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Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
How has transcranial magnetic stimulation advanced our understanding about the human brain?
What are the advantages and limitations of transcranial magnetic stimulation relative to other techniques used in cognitive neuroscience.
How does transcranial magnetic stimulation compare with other neuroscientific techniques with regard to spatial and temporal resolution?
“Transcranial magnetic stimulation allows the cognitive neuroscientist to manipulate brain function in time and space.” Discuss.
How has transcranial magnetic stimulation advanced our understanding about the human brain?
What are the advantages and limitations of transcranial magnetic stimulation relative to other techniques used in cognitive neuroscience.
How does transcranial magnetic stimulation compare with other neuroscientific techniques with regard to spatial and temporal resolution?
“Transcranial magnetic stimulation allows the cognitive neuroscientist to manipulate brain function in time and space.” Discuss.
Example Exam QuestionsExample Exam Questions
Neurophysiological Underpinnings Applications
Research Diagnostic Therapeutic
Advantages Limitations
Neurophysiological Underpinnings Applications
Research Diagnostic Therapeutic
Advantages Limitations
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLecture Outline
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLecture Outline
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Electromagnetic induction: An electric current passed through a stimulating coil produces a magnetic field; changes in the magnetic field induces a flow of electric current in a nearby conductor – brain tissue.
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Coil design: Circular coil stimulation induces a brain current running in the opposite direction of the primary coil current; the induced current intensity is a function of distance from the stimulating coil..
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Coil design: In a Figure-8 (focal) coil, the coil current sums at the coil junction; The induced electric field lies parallel with the cortical surface; Must quantify “motor threshold [MT]” to determine standardised stimulation..
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Coil positioning: Over the left primary motor cortex, the current in the coil flow must be counter-clockwise; this is likely related to the anatomical orientation of pyramidal tract neurons and their axons.
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
“Cortical silent period” illustrates a refractory phase following a stimulating pulse.
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
“Short interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (SICF)”: Subthreshold conditioning pulse activates GABA-ergic inhibitory interneurons…
(Kujirai, 1993)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Psychoparmacology: GABA-ergic agonists increase the CSP…
(Werhahn et al., 1999)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
Psychoparmacology: … and ethanol reduces SICF of MEPs
(Ziemann et al., 1995)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological UnderpinningsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationNeurophysiological Underpinnings
High-frequency Repetitive TMS (HF rTMS): Increases cortical excitability
(Peinemann et al., 2004)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: Neuropsychology
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: Neuropsychology
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: ...Neuropsychology
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: ...Neuropsychology
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: “Virtual Lesions”
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationApplications: “Virtual Lesions”
(Desmurget et al., 1999)
(Bestmann et al., 2005)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationCombining Techniques: fMRI
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationCombining Techniques: fMRI
(Esser et al., 2006)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationCombining Techniques: EEG
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationCombining Techniques: EEG
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationAdvantages
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationAdvantages
(Cowey & Walsh, 2000)
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLimitations
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLimitations
Inter-individual variability: e.g. Skull thickness
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLimitations
Transcranial Magnetic StimulationLimitations
Intra-individual short-term variability
The EndThe End
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