t he b eginnings of i ndustrialization section 1 ch. 25
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THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONSection 1Ch. 25
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
• Landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods.
• Jethro Tull-Invented seed drill in 1701; allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths
• Crop rotation- did not exhaust the soil of its nutrients
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
• Live stock breeder, Robert Bakewell, increased his flock by only allowing the best animals to breed.
• Other breeders followed this example, which increased the food supply.
INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ENGLAND
1. Abundant natural resources including:
• water power and coal to fuel the new machines.
• iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings.
• rivers for inland transportation.• harbors from which merchant ships
set sail.
INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ENGLAND
2. An expanding economy also supported industrialization Business people invested in the new inventions.3. A highly developed banking system which encouraged people to take out loans4. Political stability created a positive attitude and new laws were passed to protect business ventures
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
• Def: resources needed to produce goods and services.
• They are land, labor, and capital (wealth).
TEXTILE INVENTIONS
• 1764- James Hargreaves- invented the spinning jenny which allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time.
● 1769- Richard Arkwright- invented the water frame which used waterpower to drive spinning wheels.
TEXTILE INVENTIONS
TEXTILE INVENTIONS
● 1787- Edmund Cartwright- invented the power loom which sped up the weaving process
TEXTILE INVENTIONS
● 1793- Eli Whitney- invented the cotton gin which multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION
• James Watt joined with entrepreneur Matthew Boulton who paid him a salary to build better steam engines
• Robert Fulton, an American inventor, bought a Watt steam engine to build the first steamboat, the Clermont
• John McAdam improved roads by layering small crushed rocks on top of large rocks for drainage
THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS
• Railroad engineer George Stephenson opened the world’s first railroad line in 1825
• RRs soon spread throughout England and had four major effects:
●1. Cheap transportation●2. Hundreds of thousands of new jobs●3. Boosted agricultural and fishing industries●4. Made traveling easier
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