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Synergy between UN and ASEAN Roadmap: Implications for Post-2015 Development AgendaDr. Alexander C. ChandraBangkok, 22nd June 2015
To be discussed?
• Revisiting UN-ASEAN cooperation• Progress of AEC & ASCC• Post-2015 Development Agenda of the UN & ASEAN’s
Vision 2025• Potential key issues in post-2015 UN-ASEAN
partnership• Summary
UN-ASEAN partnership: The initial stage
• Long-standing partnership• UNDP spearheaded UN’s initial partnership with ASEAN• 1972 – ‘Kansu Report’, 41 international experts to assist
ASEAN’s first economic cooperation initiatives• APTA• AIJV & AIP:
• Large scale industrial plants that could utilise available materials within AMS
• Increase food production• Foreign exchange earnings• Employment opportunities
• 1977 – UNDP was officially designated as ASEAN Dialogue Partner – the first ever accorded to international organisation
UNDP-facilitated projects
• 1977 - ASEAN-UNDP Sub-Regional Programme (ASP) launched• US$ 700,000 (1977-81); US$ 3 million (1982-86); US$ 12.7 million (1987-91):
• Regional economic cooperation – APTA, AIJV, AIP• The institutionalisation of the ASEAN Secretariat
• ASP 5 (1992-96): • Trade & investment liberalisation, institutional capacity building, human resource
development, trade & environment, science & technology – ‘outward / open regionalism’
• AFTA – economic integration to develop a competitive & open regional economy• ASEAN University Network
• ASP 6 – responding to Asian financial crisis• Surveillance system – ASEC to provide early warning in financial system• Financial sector reform programme• ABMI• Regional swap facility• Social safety net• Etc.
The deepening UN-ASEAN partnership
Key milestones Dates & venues Key areas of cooperation / outcomes
1st UN-ASEAN Summit Bangkok, 12th Feb 2000 Peace & security; human development; future role of the UN in ASEAN
2nd UN-ASEAN Summit
New York, 13th Sep 2005 Joint communique – the broadening of UN-ASEAN cooperation: Poverty alleviation; prevent & control of infectious diseases;disaster management; transnational issues; development; peace & security
MoU between ASEAN & the UN
New York, 27th Sep 2007
3rd UN-ASEAN Summit
Ha Noi, 29th Oct 2010 ASEAN Charter; tripartite partnership in addressing Cyclone Nargis; global financial crisis; climate change; food security
4th UN-ASEAN Summit
Bali, 19th Nov 2011 Enhancement and intensification the coordination and coherence of cooperation; peace & security; MDGs; climate change; sustainable development; crises (financial, food, and energy); ASEAN connectivity; HR & democracy; global movement of moderates
5th UN-ASEAN Summit
Bandar Seri Begawan, 10th Oct 2013
Peace, security and conflict resolution; post-2015 UN development agenda; disaster management; ASEAN Connectivity and integration; human rights
6th UN-ASEAN Summit
Nay Pyi Taw, 12th Nov 2014
Strategy to implement 2011 Joint Declaration; counter-terrorism and ISIS/ISIL; pandemic diseases (Ebola); climate change; disaster relief; connectivity; poverty eradication and narrowing the development gap; human rights; the establishment of ASEAN-UN Liaison Office in Jakarta.
Other UN agencies?
• Agreement of Cooperation between ASEAN and the UNESCO, Jakarta, 12 Sept 1998
• MoU between the ASEAN Secretariat and the UNESCAP Secretariat, 2002
• Cooperation Agreement between ASEAN Secretariat & the ILO Office, Geneva, 20th March 2007
• MoU between the ASEAN Secretariat and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime – Drug Control & Crime Prevention Cooperation
UN resolution on ASEAN
General assemblies
Dates Key statements
56th Plenary Meeting
21st Nov 2002 ‘Noting with satisfaction that the activities of [ASEAN] are consistent with the purposes and principles of the [UN]’
40th Plenary Meeting
22nd Oct 2004 •Commended increasing meetings and exchanges between the UN and ASEAN•Encouraged the strengthening of areas of cooperation
65th PlenaryMeeting
4th Dec 2006 •Acknowledgement of the outcome of the 2nd
UN-ASEAN Summit•Encouraged greater collaboration in areas identified in the said Summit•Welcomed ASEAN as an observer in the General Assembly
2011 Comprehensive Partnership?
Political-securityASEAN
Community(supporting
ASEAN implements 2009-2015
Roadmap & Master Plan on Connectivity)
Peace & security
Human rights & democracy
(Bali Democracy Forum,
AICHR & ACWC)
International & regional issues
of common concern
2011 Comprehensive Partnership?
EconomicASEAN
connectivity & integration
(supporting ASEAN to implement 2009-2015 Roadmap and
IAI – financial, people, institution
connectivity)
Economic development(Sustained
prosperity & economic growth;
narrowing development gap; addressing present and prevention of
future global economic crises)
Food & energy security
Attainment of MDGs & narrowing
development gap
2011 Comprehensive Partnership?
Socio-cultural
Human development
and community
building
Social welfare,
economic, social, and
cultural rights
Climate change
Disaster risk management
Culture & education
Progress of AEC & ASCC
ASEAN progress (1)
Significant economic progress & transformation
1985-96: high growth, golden decade
2000s: moderate growth
ASEAN progress (2)
• ASEAN-7 poverty rate:• 1990: 45%• 2010: 14%
• ASEAN-7 poverty gap:• 1990: 14%• 2010: 3%
• ASEAN Middle class:• 1990: 15%• 2010: 37%
• ASEAN:• 3rd most populous in the world• 3rd largest economy in East
Asia• 7th largest economy in the
world
57.14
42.59
35.02
25.36
18.9117.2
14.2412.15
14.77
20.68
25.35
30.83 31.82
36.64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1981 1990 1996 2002 2005 2008 2010
Poor
Middle class
Internal & external integration of ASEAN
EXPANSIOND
EE
PE
NIN
G1967: ASEAN’s establishment
1977: PTA
1990s: CEPT-AFTA (1992), AFAS (1995),
AIA (1998)
2003: ASEAN Community & PIS
2009: ATIGA, ACIA, AEC Scorecard, &
Roadmap
2010: Connectivity Masterplan
2011: ASEAN Framework for Equitable Economic Development
AEC 2015
1984: Brunei1990s: VN (1995), Lao, MYR (1997),
Cam (1999)2000s: ASEAN-China (2004); ASEAN-Korea (2006); ASEAN-Japan (2008). ASEAN-ANZ
(2009)
2012: RCEP
ASEAN trade (value in US$ million)
120,918 166,846 206,732
470,112 376,177
519,805 598,242 608,558
455,190 592,255 617,807
1,427,015
1,160,701
1,525,926
1,790,350 1,902,958
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
1998 2000 2003 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Intra-ASEAN
Extra-ASEAN
ASEAN FDI inflows (value, in US$ million)
6,300.2 14,322.7
26,270.7 20,548.8 19,399.6
24,377.4
40,597.4
77,955.9
87,839.9 94,904.0 98,287.4
111,804.0
-
20,000.0
40,000.0
60,000.0
80,000.0
100,000.0
120,000.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Intra-ASEAN
Extra-ASEAN
AEC Progress
• CEPT Rates are very low, close to zero• NSW in 5 AMS• RoOs of ATIGA is becoming more business friendly• Financial integration is expanded – CMIM• ASEAN looks to the rest of the world – ASEAN+1
FTAs/RCEP• Roadmap for Integration of Air Travel Sector force under
ASEAN – X formula• Blueprint scorecard to reach 98% by Nov 2015
Status of key AEC measures?
Key areas Fully implemented % Not fully implemented % Total measuresFree flow of goods 45 61.6 28 38.4 73Free flow of services 32 65.3 17 34.7 49Free flow of investment
17 85.0 3 15.0 20
Free flow of capital 8 61.5 5 38.5 13Free flow of skilled labours
7 77.8 2 22.2 9
PIS 43 97.7 1 2.3 44Food, agri, and forestry 20 74.1 7 25.9 27
Competition policy 7 100 0 0.0 7Consumer protection 12 85.7 2 14.3 14IPR 8 88.9 1 11.1 9Transport 35 57.4 26 42.6 61Energy 10 50.0 10 50.0 20Minerals 10 90.9 1 9.1 11ICT 9 90.0 1 10.0 10Taxation 0 0.0 3 100.0 3E-commerce 3 100.0 0 0.0 3SME development 15 78.9 4 21.1 19IAI 5 100.0 0 0.0 5External economic relations 15 75.0 5 25.0
20
Total 301 72.2 116 27.8 417ASEAN –
90.5%
ASCC progress
• Strengthened commitment & coherence in policy frameworks & institutions in ASEAN for social justice and human rights, social protection & welfare, environment sustainability• Declaration on Non-
communicable diseases in ASEAN
• Declaration on Elimination of Violence on Women & Children
• Collective support & humanitarian assistance during natural disasters
93%97%
79%
71%
96%100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Humandevelopment
Social welfare& protection
Social justice& rights
Environmentalsustainability
BuildingASEANidentity
NarrowingDevelopment
Gap
Selected MDGs indicators & performance in ASEAN
MDGs targets and indicators No. of AMS on-track
No. of AMS off-track & slow
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hungerTarget 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
3 5
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary educationTarget 2A: 100% total net enrollment ratio in primary education 7 1Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower womenTarget 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary education, preferably by 2005
8 1
Goal 4: Reduce child mortalityTarget 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990-2015, the under-5 mortality rate
4 5
Goal 5: Improve maternal healthTarget 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
2 8
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityTarget 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of population without access to improved drinking water
9 n/a
Target 7C: Halve, by2015, the proportion of population without improved sanitation facilities
7 2
Challenges
• Large number of poor and marginally non-poor in most AMS• Persistence income inequality• Greater competitiveness, but vast room of improvement
needed!• Economic integration is progressing, but …:
• How to make it functional?• How to address the remaining issues (e.g. non-tariff barriers,
connectivity, etc.)?• How to make it more inclusive? MSMEs? Other marginalised
groups?• Cross-pillar coordination is important, but lacking!
Post-2015 Development Agenda and Vision of the UN and ASEAN
UN-facilitated post-2015 development agenda
EqualitySustainability Human rights
Environmental sustainabilityBiodiversity
Stable climateUniversal access to
clean water & sanitation
Peace & securityFreedom from
violence, conflict, and abuse
Resilience to natural hazards
Conflict free access to natural resourcesInclusive social
developmentAdequate nutritionQuality education
Reduced mortality & morbidity
Gender equalitySocial protection
Inclusive economic development
Eradicating income poverty & hunger
Reducing inequalitiesDecent work &
productive employment
Inequalities
Malnutrition
Environmental challenges
Conflict, violence, insecurity
Governance deficit
Shifting demography -
migration, ageing
population, etc.
ASEAN development goals?
• Mooted at the 25th ASEAN Summit, Nay Pyi Taw, 2004‘Promote the development of clear and measurable
ASEAN development goals’• MDGs as reference point?• Assist AMS design their national development strategy• Set up a benchmark for development success in ASEAN
Post-2015 direction of ASEAN – AEC Vision 2025?
Highly integrated & cohesive regional economy• High economic
growth• Favourable to trade,
investment, & job creation
• Capacity to respond to mega trends/challenges
• Advancement towards single market agenda (NTBs, trade in services, seamless movement in investment, skilled labour/professionals, and capital
Competitive, innovative, & dynamic community• Productivity
through connectivity
• Conducive policies towards innovation
• Good governance (transparency, DSM, etc.)
• Enhanced participation in GVC
Sectoralintegration• Replacing /
expanding PIS?
People-centredeconomic community• Equitable
development• Narrowing
development gap
Global ASEAN• ASEAN
centrality in evolving regional architecture
Post-2015 direction of ASEAN –ASCC Vision 2025?
ASCC 2025
Dynamic & harmonious community
that proactively
contribute to global
community
Resilient community capable to adapt &
respond to emerging
threats and challenges
Sustainable community
that promotes social
development and
environmental protection
Inclusive community that promotes high quality of life,
equitable access and opportunity
for all and promotes and
protects human rights of
vulnerable and marginalised
groups
Committed, participative, and socially responsible community through an accountable
and inclusive mechanism
that is upheld by the
principles of good
governance
Potential key issues in post-2015 UN-ASEAN partnership?
• Opportunity - similar direction of post-2015 UN development goals & ASEAN 2015 Vision
• Challenges:• Alignment• Implementation?• How the UN deals more effectively vis-à-vis ASEAN, and vice-
versa?• ASEAN’s centrality vis-à-vis the UN?• 1 UN agenda/approach to ASEAN?
• Resources?
Alternative approach to accelerating UN & ASEAN post-2015 development agenda & vision?
• 1 UN agenda/approach vis-à-vis ASEAN vs. ASEAN centrality vis-à-vis the UN
• Engaging wider non-traditional ASEAN organs & stakeholders –already done, but appear rather sporadic• ASEAN organs – AF, AHA Centre, ACE, ACB, etc. (Annex 1 of
ASEAN Charter)• Entities Associated with ASEAN – Annex 2 entities
• Parliamentarians• Business organisations (e.g. ASEAN-BAC, AIC, ASEAN-related business
councils + other business organisations)• ASEAN accredited CSOs
• Non-Annex 2 non-state actors (SAPA WG on ASEAN, APF/ACSC, etc.)
• Pro-active engagement – competing interest and influence amongst development partners towards ASEAN
Summary
• Partnership has been long-standing, deepened, and extensive, but needs to be made more coherent and concerted – ‘UN & ASEAN each delivering as 1’
• Integration progress in ASEAN has been well advancing, but gaps remain
• Likelihood of complementarity between SDGs & ASEAN post-2015 vision
• Alignment, implementation, working relations approach, and resources as key issues
• ‘Out of the box’ approach is not new, but needs emphasisingand implementing
Thank you!
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