synapse

SYNAPSE

SYNAPSE

“ FASTEN TOGATHER” APPOSITION SITE between TWO

NEUORONS or A NEUORON & ANOTHER CELL (EFFECTOR)

UNIDIRECTIONAL ELECTRICAL SIGNAL (PRESYNAPTIC)-----

CHEMICAL (POST SYNAPTIC)

CLASSIFICATION ANATOMICAL NEURON & NEURON

AXODENDRITICAXOSOMATICAXOAXONICDENDRODNDRITIC

CHEMICALEXCITATORY acetylcholine glutamin serotininINHIBITORY GABA glycine

ELECTRICAL

STRUCTURE

PRESYNAPTIC POST SYNAPTICSYNAPTIC CLEFT

PRESYNAPTIC

BOUTON TERMINAL ACTIVE ZONE

AREA OF SYNAPSE WHERE NEUROTRANSMISSION TAKES PLACE

SUBMEMBRANE DENSITIES SYNAPTIC VESICLES MITOCHONDRIA SMOOTH ER

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

20 –30nmMACROMOLECULES EXTRACELLULAR ENDS OF TRANS MEMBRANE PROTEINSEXTRACELLULAR MATRIX MOLECULES

POST SYNAPTIC

POST SYNAPTIC DENSITYRECEPTOR WITH AFFINITY FOR NEUROTRANSMITTERSACTIN & ACTIN BINDING PROTEINSENZYMES

SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION PRESYNAPTIC

DEPOLARIZATION Ca GATED CHANNEL INFLUX OF Ca FUSION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLE TO PRESYAPTIC DENSITY EXOCYTOSIS OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS BINDS WITH RECEPTORS ON POST SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE

EXCITATORY LIGAND GATED Na channel Voltage gated Na CHANNEL DEPOLARIZATION

INHIBITORY ANION CHANNEL Negatively charged Cl hyperpolarization

NEUROTRANSMITTERS NEUROMDULATORS CHEMICALS COMBINE WITH PROTEIN

RECEPTORS TO OPEN OR CLOSE ION CHANNELS OR INITIATE SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEM

MODIFY NEURON SENSITIVITY TO SYNAPTIC STIMULATION OR INHIBITION

PERIPHERAL ENDINGS

SENSORY NEURON RECEPTORS

MOTOR NEURON EFFECTORS

RECEPTORS

RECEPTORS

STRUCTURES SPECIALIZED TO DETECT A STIMULUS

TRANSDUCERS FOUR TYPES OF INFORMATION

MODALITY LOCATION INTENSITY DURATION

RECEPTORS

NEUROEPITHELIAL OLFACTORY CELL BODY OF THE NEURONIS SITUATED PERIPHERALLY NEAR A SENSORY SURFACE & AXON PASSES TO CNS

EPITHELIAL GUSTATORY & AUDITORY

MODIFIED NON NERVOUS EPITHELIAL CELL INNERVATED BY

AN AXON NEURONAL ALL CUTANEOUS & PROPRIOCEPTORS

CELL BODY OF A PRIMARY SENSORY NEURON IN THE CRANIO SPINAL GANGLIA WITH AXON ACTING AS SENSORY TERMINAL

CLASSIFICATION

1) LOCATION EXTROCEPTORS general & specialPROPIOCEPTORSINTEROCEPTORS

2) STRUCTURAL ENCAPSULATEDNONENCAPSULATED

3) STIMULUS MODALITY CHEMO THERM NOCICEPTORS MECHANO &

PHOTORECEPTORS

NONENCAPSULATED

FREE NERVE ENDINGSMERKELS DISC

FREE NERVE ENDING

C.T. SKIN. MYELINATED & NON MYELINATED MODERATE THERMAL ,LIGHT

MECHANICAL & NOXIOUS STIMULI

MERKELS DISC

EPIDERMIS of non hairy skin HAIR FOLLICLE

NAKED AXON DISC SPECIALIZED EPITHEIAL CELL merkel

cell SLOWLY ADAPTING

MECHANORECEPTION light touch, texture, edges & shape

ENCAPSULATED

MEISSNERS CORPUSCLE DERMAL PAPILLA OF THICK SKIN CYLINDRICAL C.T. CAPSULE CONTINOUS WITH ENDONEURIUM

SURROUNDING A CENTRAL CORE STACKS OF MODIFIED FLATTENED SCHWAN

CELLS MYELINATED & NONMYELINATED FIBERS BRANCH

& RAMIFY RAPIDLY ADAPTING TOUCH RECEPTORS,

DISCRIMINATION END BULB OF KRAUSE MUCOUS MEMBRANE

PACCINIAN CORPUSCLE

DERMIS JOINT CAPSULE MAMMARY GLAND CAPSULE OF FLATTENED CELLS FIBERS &

MATRIX INTREMEDIATE GROWTH ZONE CELLULAR

MITOSIS CONTRIBUTES TO BOTH ZONES SINGLE NON MYELINATED NERVE

TERMINAL EXPANEDED END DEEP PRESSURE VIBRATION TENSION

GOLGI TENDON ORGAN

TENDON MUSCLE CAPSULE SHEETS OF CELLS SEPARATED BY A BASAL

LAMINA FIBERS ON THE OUTSIDE BUNDLE OF TENDON FIBERS HEAVILY MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS

FORMING A SPRAY SLOWLY ADAPTING MECHANORECEPTOR

MUSCLE SPINDLE

PROPIOCEPTORS > MUSCLES WITH FINE CONTROL DISTRIBUTED IN FLESHY PART OF

MUCLE

MUSCLE SPINDLE

CAPSULE INTRAFUSAL 3-12 MODIFIED MUSCLE FIBERS

NUCLEAR CHAIN & BAG FIBERMIDDLE PORTION ACTS AS STRETCH RECEPTORTWO ENDS HAVE SARCOMERE (CONTRACTION)

NERVE FIBERS EXTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS

NERVE FIBERS

PRIMARY AFFERNT & ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING ONSET OF STRETCH

SECONDRY AFFERENT FLOWER SPRAY PROLONGED STRETCH

GAMMA EFFERENT CONTRACTILE ENDS OF INTRAFUSAL FIBERS ADJUST TENSION IN THE MUSCLE SPINDLE TO VARIATION IN LENGTH OF MUSCLE

When a muscle shortens the gamma motor neurons stimulate the ends of intrafusal muscle fibers to contract slightly keeping them taut & responsive without this during contraction of extrafusal fibers they would become flabby