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Sustainable Consumption and Lifestyles:
Key to achieving the SDGs
UN Environment Consumption and Production Unit
About UNEPEstablished in 1972. The voice for the environment within the United Nations system. Its headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment.
Role• Assessing global, regional and national environmental conditions and trends
• Developing international and national environmental instruments
• Strengthening institutions for the wise management of the environment
• Facilitating the transfer of knowledge and technology for sustainable development; and
• Encouraging new partnerships and mind-sets within civil society and the private sector.
Mission"To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations."
UN Environment
2. What can and is being done in the
policy context?
1. Sustainable Development:
What’s the Problem?
3. What is the private
sector doing?
4. How can the power of consumers
be harnessed for change?
Sustainable Consumption and
Production: the Key to change
Business as usual is not an option
Environment 101:
the sustainable development compass
1. Sustainable Development: What’s the problem?
env Impact
(climate,
biodiversity, habitat,
resource scarcity,
health) Population Affluence Technology
Original IPAT equation
LifestyleResource
efficiency
Eco-intensity
of resources
Sustainable
Consumption &
Production (SCP)
OPPORTUNITIES
The World’s Priorities*
• Basic education for all $12.5 Billion
• Cosmetics in US $33.3 Billion
• Water and sanitation for all $10 Billion
• Ice Cream in Europe $11 Billion
• Reproductive health for all woman $12 Billion
• Perfumes in Europe and USA $12 Billion
• Basic health and nutrition $13 Billion
• Pet foods in Europe and the US $17 Billion
======================================================================
• Business entertainment in Japan $35 Billion
• Cigarettes in Europe $50 Billion
• Alcoholic drinks in Europe $105 Billion
• Narcotics in the world $400 Billion
• Military spending in the world $780 Billion
*UNDP Human Development Report, 1998
Sustainable resource
management
Design for sustainability
D4S
Cleaner production &
Resource Efficiency
Sustainable transport
Eco-labellingand
certification
Sustainable procurement
Sustainable marketing
Sustainable lifestyles
Waste Management
Applying
Life-cycle
Thinking
Sustainable Consumption and Production
From traditional flow to Life cycle thinking
LCA transforms data on products and
processes into insights and enables
businesses to implement the most
profitable and high impact
sustainability initiatives.
End of life
Consumer
use
Distribution and retail
Production
The traditional flow of materials and products
. . .
Raw material
s
Myths about Sustainable Consumption
1. Sustainable Consumption
contradicts poverty eradication
2. Informed consumers will
consume sustainably
3. Economic growth leads to
improved wellbeing
4. Only small environmental
actions lead to big changes
A Global Mandate for SCP
2. What can and is being done in the policy context?
Now Goal 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Post-2015 Development Agenda
Agenda 21, Rio de Janeiro,
1992
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
(JPOI), 2002
Marrakech Process, 2003-11
Rio +20, 2012
“The major cause of the continued deterioration of the global environment are the unsustainable patterns of consumption and production…”
“SCP is one of the overarching objectives of, and essential requirements for, sustainable development.”
“Encourage and promote the development of a 10-year framework of programmes (10YFP) ..to.. shift towards SCP patterns….” (JPOI, 2002)
A/CONF.216/5 (paragraph 226 – “The Future We
Want”). 10YFP adopted
SDGs and Post-2015
A global framework adopted by Heads of State at Rio+20 for a international cooperation to shift towards sustainable consumption
and production (SCP) patterns in developed and developing countries.
We envisage a world in which every country enjoys sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all. A world in which consumption and production patterns and use of all natural resources –
from air to land, from rivers, lakes and aquifers to oceans and seas - are sustainable
(Preamble)
Goal 12Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and
production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking
into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
Transforming our world2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
10YFP main objectives
Accelerate the shift
towards SCP in all
countries by supporting
regional and national
policies and initiatives
Increase RE and decouple economic growth from
environmental degradation, creating decent jobs and
contributing to poverty eradication and shared
prosperity
Support capacity-building and facilitate access to financial and technical assistance for developing countries,to implement SCP activities at all levels
Serve as an information and
knowledge sharingplatform on SCP to enable
all stakeholders to exchange policies, tools, initiatives and
best practices, enhancing cooperation
10YFP Programmes are umbrellas, bringing actors together for collective impact, delivering capacity building, primarily at national and regional levels
10YFP Programmes
Sustainable Food
System
Policies for Sustainable Consumption
1. Shifting market practices: promoting
sustainable consumption from the supply side
2. Policy Integration for Sustainable Consumption
3. Protecting Traditional Sustainable Consumption
Practices
4. Using economic measures to shape
consumption
5. Shifting the Social Context around Consumer
Behaviour
Policies for Sustainable Consumption
SWITCH Initiatives NATIONAL SCP PLANS
SPECIFIC POLICIES :
Sustainable Public Procurement
Consumer Product Information
Private sector engagement is integral to
combat poverty, environmental degradation,
and inequality
3. Private Sector engagement
Companies can contribute directly to
and indirectly to many other through inclusive principles
RISKS• Higher operational costs and supply chain disruption• Shifting production and transportation patterns to adapt to local conditions• Public pressure for greater transparency• Regulatory and fiscal instruments increasingly complex
OPPORTUNITIES• Market shift towards ‘greener’ production in a holistic supply chain– water-efficient technology,
green plastics and chemistry, sustainable infrastructure etc.• Growing market opportunity to recover, reuse e-waste• Reputational advantage from incorporating environmental trends into company strategy
INCENTIVES• Companies are changing their sourcing strategies
• Increasingly stringent regulation and market entry requirements
• New markets for sustainable products and services
• Acknowledgement of the role of partnerships to maximize sustainability impact and shared
gains (especially with value chain actors, organisations, governments)
• Resource scarcity and environmental degradation are becoming a stimulus for innovation
(investment in renewables, new technology and business models to improve KPI that are
sustainable)
What Does It Mean For Business?
Business strategy
Business model
Business operations
Life-cycle thinking means considering the ENTIRE process and cooperation across value chain:
• Raw material extraction• Sustainable
manufacturing processes• Sustainable products• Packaging and
distribution• Use and maintenance• End-of-life/reusability
Eco-innovation : What? & How?
Enhanced performance:• Positive sustainability
impacts • Competitive advantage
Eco-innovation
Eco-Innovation Drivers
1.Access to new and
expanding market
2.Increase profitability
along the value chain
3.Stay ahead of standards and
regulations
4.Attract investment
5.Increase productivity
and technical capacity
1. Sustainable Consumption
contradicts poverty eradication
2. Informed consumers will
consume sustainably
3. Economic growth leads to
improved wellbeing
4. Only small environmental
actions lead to big changes
Incentives and Responsibilities of BusinessesMyths about Sustainable Consumption
Would you buy sustainable diapers for your babies that don’t work?
Case: Natura
Product SOU compared to conventional cosmetic products:
• 70% less plastic used
• 60% lower CO2 emissions
• Lower transportation costs
• Innovation in the formula (ingredients)
• More attractive retail price = new customer segment
Strategy: Innovation for market differentiation and sustainability
How?
• Continuous research: new technologies, market trends
• Open innovation model and R&D platform involving partners and scientific
institutions
• Investment from national financial institutions
• Select suppliers on a “shadow price”
• Creation of partnerships to build a chain with higher added value.
• Life-cycle approach
Business Growth: Market share of 23 % in Brazil
Annual growth of 26 % in 2005-2010.
1) Sustainability: triple bottom line, mainstreaming of
sustainability in business decision-making
2) Business models based on the principle of circular
economy (closing the loop), sharing economy and
collaborative consumption patterns
3) Focus on radical innovation through partnerships
and collaboration
4) Democratization of production (maker movement
and 3d printing)
5) Social/frugal innovation and inclusive economy:
government engaging private sector in addressing
societal issues and reaching out to ‘the bottom of
the pyramid’
Business responses to emerging
sustainability trends
Make sustainability desireable!
Products don’t sell because they are sustainable. They have to meet needs and be desirable!
Who’s done it? Tesla
They figured out how to make a sustainable product that sells.
Building sustainability into a business model can be profitable!
How?
Good product that makes people feel powerful, cool and desirable.
4. Harnessing the urban consumer as an engine for change
By 2050, cities responsible for:
• 80% of global growth
• 75% of energy, natural resource use
• 75% of GHGs and waste generation.
We consume more and more unequally
• Millions of new middle-class
• Wealthiest 20% 77% consumption
• Growing demand for Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS)
Every decision impact the lives and decisions of
citizens
Socio-economic circumstances and
individual preferences
influence service and goods
provided by governments,
industry and value chains
Understanding what the right decisions are
within systems they are in
“Sustainable lifestyles are considered as ways of living, social behaviors and choices, that minimize environmental degradation (use of natural resources,CO2
emissions, waste and pollution) while supporting equitable socio-economic development and better quality of life for all.” (Source: UNEP)
“A ‘sustainable lifestyle’ is a cluster of habits and patterns of behaviourembedded in a social context and enabled by efficient institutions, norms and infrastructures that frame individual choice, in order to minimise the use of natural resources and generation of wastes and pollutions, while supporting fairness and prosperity for all” (Source: Lewis Akenji)
“Sustainable Lifestyles” mentioned in SDGs
Sustainable Lifestyles and the 2030 Agenda
1. No universal sustainable lifestyle !!!!
2. Key lifestyle domains : food, housing, mobility, consumer goods, and leisure. Holistic approach required!
3. Lifestyles framed by social and environmental factors (at individual or household level - some beyond control)
4. Lifestyles not static - technology and social norms change
5. Basic social needs evolve with time and society’s affluence
6. Income increases do not directly translate into happiness
7. Sustainable lifestyles must address economic disparity
8. People don’t mean to pollute, but society ‘railroads’ it
9. Knowledge does not = taking action. Blocks: lack of access/lock-in
10. Top-down approaches need bottom-up support.
Key messages of sustainable lifestyles
Lifestyle domains
What we eat and drink – how it produced, processed and provided
– and how we dispose of it all
How we live, where we live, what is used to build, heat and cool
our living spaces and what we install in our houses
What forms of transport we choose, how often we travel and the
distance travelled as well as the supporting systems and
infrastructure
The products we buy, the type and quantity of materials that are
used in producing them, how we use them, and how often we
replace them
How we spend leisure time, our choice of tourism destinations
and activities and the facilities we use
Influencing Factor 1Determinants -”what decides possibility for consumers’ actions?"
Pro- sustainability stakeholders
Sustainable Options
Regulatory Incentives
Attitude-Facilitators-Infrastructure (AFI) framework
(Top-down approach)
ATTITUDES• Education
• Awareness raising
• Publicity
FACILITATORS• Economic incentives
• Labelling
INFRASTRUCTURE• Regulation (hard and soft)
• Spatial planning
Influencing Factor 2
Motivation - ”Why do people consume?"
People don’t consume with the intention to harm the environment;
environmental impacts are a consequence of efforts to:
• Meet essential needs (food, shelter…)
• Meet social needs/expectations (mobility, relationships)
• Satisfy Personal Desires
• Being railroaded to consume (advertisement and marketing)
• No choice (no infrastructure designed, legislative obstacles)
Influencing Factor 3
Drivers - ”What is supporting motivations?"
Lifestyle Domains: Food
Thank you for your
attention!
For more
information see the
resources listed!
Any questions?
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