surveying instruments

Group A Arsalan Rehman Asim Rafique M.Faraz Zafar Safdar Mahmood (CR) Mukarram Rabbani Nasir javed

Surveying Instruments

HOW WE USE INSTRUMENT DURING SURVEYING

Surveying Instrument Instruments used in surveying operations to

measure vertical angles, horizontal angles, and distance.

Tripod

A surveyor's tripod is a device used to support any one of a number of surveying instruments, such as theodolite, total stations ,levels or transits.

Level staff A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or

aluminum rod, the use of which permits the determination of differences in elevation

In the photograph on the right, both a metric (left) and imperial (right) levelling rod are seen. This is a two-sided aluminum rod, coated white with markings in contrasting colours. The imperial side has a bright yellow background.

Total Station :- A total station is an

electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying

To read distances from the instrument to a particular point.

Clinometer

An instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation

90 line on protractor

weight

Line of sight

Uses of Clinometers Indicating pitch and roll of vehicles, sail boats, and aircraft.

Monitoring boom angle of cranes and material handlers.

Measuring the "look angle" of a satellite antenna towards a satellite.

Measuring movements in walls and/or the ground in civil engineering projects

Measuring the angle of drilling in well-logging applications.

Rollover warning, to alert equipment operator of possible tip over condition

Determining the angle of the earth's magnetic field in respect to the horizontal plane.

Measuring steepness of a ski slope. (<10o for beginners, 10o-20o "green", 15o-25o "blue", 25o-35o "black", 35o-45o "double black")

 Compass

A compass is a navigational survey instrument used for determining the “directions” which is relative to the Earth's magnetic pole

A compass can be used to calculate “heading” used with a “sextant” to calculate latitude” and with a “marine chronometer” to calculate “longitude”

GPSGPS

DEVOLPMENT

ERATH QUAKE SCENCE

PLANS DIRECTION

VEHICALS

ELEMENTS The Space Segment The User Segment The Control Segment

The Space Segment

24 Satellite

The User Segment Receiver

The Control Segment Ground station

Principle of Gps

Measurement of distance between satellite and receiver

Wgs84

Use of Gps in now a days Military use

Every day's life

Theodolite

Most important application is measuring horizontal and vertical angles

Horizontal distances and determine elevations

How to use A theodolite must be

mounted on a level tripod or stand from where the user can observe.

The observer can take a reading by looking through the telescope and adjusting the vertical crosshairs to match the extreme left of the survey target.

Prism Prism Consider the offset, The thread size, When working with Total

Stations that require a target

That ‘s All Our Presentation

Thanks Dear Fellows