surfs up…way up intent: i ulu no ka l ā l ā i ke kumu. the branches grow because of the trunk....
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Surf’s Up…Way Up
Intent:I ulu no ka lālā i ke kumu.
The branches grow because of the trunk.
Essential Question:How do circles and functions help us to
understand the destructive force of tsunami, so that we can better prepare
ourselves and protect the people and things we love?
1Surf’s Up….Way Up
Skills & Content
1. Discover features of buildings that can minimize the effects of tsunami
2. Compare & contrast different functions
3. Tidal waves versus Tsunami4. Volume, height, and speed of
tsunami5. Tsunami as weapons6. Scatter plots7. Linear vs Exponential8. Direct vs Inverse Variation9. Quadratics and Circles
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Ho’olohe
3
Questions Notes/AnswersInside Circle:
What do you know about waves and the ocean? How does the ocean make you feel?
Outside Circle:How did you learn about waves and the ocean?
1.
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Questions Notes/AnswersHow were
you affected by the tsunami that hit Japan & Hawai’i on March 11-12, 2011?
Mrs. Riel’s Answer:As soon as I heard that a tsunami was coming, I went on my cell phone and looked up the tsunami inundation maps for Ewa Beach. I figured out that our house wasn’t in the flood zone, so my husband and I decided to sleep through the sirens and warnings. We were woken up by his mother screaming that we needed to evacuate, but since we did our research, we assured her that we would be safe at home.
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Reflection
5
Why is it nearly impossible to float to shore from the middle of the ocean?
Waves don’t push you. You will just bob up and down in
the same place.
3.
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Video: Ocean Waves
4.What can waves transmit across the sea?
Energy is the only thing that waves can transmit across
the sea.
6
Label the diagram of a wave.
5.
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Still Water Level
Crest
Trough
Wavelength
Wave Height
6.Describe the relationship between wavelength and period.
The wavelength is the distance between
consecutive crests. The period is the time it takes to travel that distance. As the wavelength increases, so
does the period.
Video: Ocean Waves
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The wind creates friction between air and water. It
creates ripples in the surface of the water. Those ripples
cause waves.
How does wind generate waves?
7.
Wind-driven waves reach their maximum height when they match the speed of the
wind.
When do wind-driven waves reach their maximum height?
8.
Video: Ocean Waves
What happens to waves as they start to approach the shore?
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Waves “feel the bottom”. Molecules start moving in
circles. Waves get taller and slow down. Crests lean over and then break on the shore.
9.
In deep water, wind waves travel between 5 and 65
miles per hour, may reach heights of 45 feet, and are
no more than a few hundred feet apart.
Describe wind waves in deep water.
10.
Video: Ocean Waves
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Tsunami start off about 3 feet tall. The crests are miles
apart. Tsunami travel hundreds of miles per hour.
Tsunami involve entire water column.
How are tsunami different from wind-waves?
11.
It could take about 2 hours for the second tsunami wave
to hit.
How long could it take the second tsunami wave to hit?
12.
Video: Ocean Waves
10
Explain how the wave function works.
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A = amplitude (wave height)B = period (wavelength or time between the waves)C = phase shift (left +/right -)D = vertical shift (up +/down -)
siny A Bx C D
Sine Function
Which of the functions best represents the anatomy of a wave?
13.
Wave anatomy is best represented by the sine (or
cosine) function.
Wave Functions
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Child FunctionAmplitude: 2Period: 3 (wavelength is 1/3 of parent)Phase Shift: +5 (shifted left)Vertical Shift: +2 (shifted up)The child wave is twice as tall and traveling three times as fast as the parent wave. The child wave began farther away from shore in deeper water.
: sin
: 2sin 3 5 2
Parent y x
Child y x
Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves.
15.
Wave Functions
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Child FunctionAmplitude: 1/2Period: 1 (wavelength is 1)Phase Shift: -3 (shifted right)Vertical Shift: -1 (shifted down)The child wave is half as tall as the parent wave, but traveling at the same speed. The child wave began closer to shore in shallower water.
: sin
1: sin 3 1
2
Parent y x
Child y x
Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves.
16.
Wave Functions
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If the amplitude (A) were zero, there would be no
wave height. If the period (B) were zero, there would be no
wavelength. Without wave height or length, there would
be no waves. The ocean would be completely flat.
Explain what would happen to the waves if A or B were zero.
17.
Wave Functions
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Catch a Wave ActivityGentle slopes create spilling breakers that provide surfers
with long, smooth rides.
Moderate slopes create plunging breakers that form
barrels for surfers to ride through.
Steep slopes create surging breakers that smash into the beach. They don’t create any
surf.
Describe how the slope of the seafloor controls the way a wave breaks.
18.
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Catch a Wave ActivitySurging breakers will cause the most erosion because
they slam into the coast with a lot of force.
Which type of breaker will cause the most coastal erosion?
19.
Spilling breakers will take the longest time to reach the
shore. In the process, they will drag along the seafloor and push the sand towards
the beach.
Which type of breaker will deposit the most sand onshore and expand beaches?
20.
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Measure a Wave Activity
State the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave train. Describe the units for each variable.
21. 1.5
1.5
k p
speed period
Speed is measured in knots (nautical miles per hour) and
the period is measured in seconds.
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Measure a Wave Activity
Find the speed of the wave in the animation. Use SEE method.
22.
1.5speed period 6 secondsperiod
9 knotsspeed
The wave in the animation travels at ___ knots.
S:
E:
1.5 6speed E:
9
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Surf Report
23. If NOAA
reports that a gale 1000 knots offshore will cause high waves with a period of 12 seconds, when should you go to the beach?
1.5speed period 12 secondsperiod
18 knotsspeed
gale speed 1000
wave speed 18
You should go to the beach in 56 hours, or 2 days and 8 hours.
S:
E:
1.5 12speed E:
56 hours
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Wavelength
24. Another way to calculate the speed of a wave is
What is the wavelength in the previous problem?The wavelength is _______ miles or ______
feet. wavelengthspeedperiod
S:
E:
E:
wavelengthspeed
period
18 knotsspeed
12 secondsperiod
180.003
wavelength
0.003 18 wavelength
1 hr12 sec
3600 sec 0.003 hr
0.06 miles 5280 316
0.06 316
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Wave Field Study
25. Suppose NOAA reported that a gale 2,850 knots off the shore of Oahu caused waves we witnessed during our field study. How fast were those waves traveling? What was the distance between successive waves? How long did it take for those waves to reach Waianae? Use SEE Method.
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Period
The water waves are traveling at a speed of 2.5 m/s and splashing against Wilbert's perch. Each adjacent crest is 5 meters apart. How much time passes between each successive drenching?
26.
5 m
2.5 m/s
S:
E:
E:
______ seconds pass between successive waves.Wavelength: 5 mSpeed: 2.5 m/s
2 seconds
Two
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Wave VolumeAssume the tsunami formed a circular wall of water around the epicenter of the earthquake. Calculate the volume of the Japan 2011 tsunami in gallons. (3.8 x 10-12 km3 = 1 gallon)
27.
2V r hS:E:
E:
The tsunami contained _______ gallons of water.Outer Radius: 85 kmInner Radius: 80 kmHeight: 14 m = 0.014 km
2 285 80 0.014V
825 0.014V 336.267 km 129.6 10 gallons
129.6 10
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Wave HeightThe formula to calculate the height of a tsunami is, H = original heightD = original depth of the waterh = new height d = new depth of the waterIf the tsunami that hit Hawaii began as a 1 foot wave in 10,000 foot deep water, what was its height when it reached 5 foot deep water near the shore of Kona?
28.0.25
Dh H
d
0.25D
h Hd
S:
E: E:
The tsunami was _______ feet tall.
H = 1 ft D = 10,000 ft d = 5 ft
0.2510000
15
h
6.7 feet
6.7
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Video: Tsunami AwarenessA tsunami is a series of
ocean waves caused by any large and sudden
disturbance of the sea surface.
What is the definition of a tsunami?
29.
Tsunami can be generated by landslides, volcanic
eruptions, meteorites falling into the ocean, and
earthquakes. Earthquakes cause the most tsunami.
State some causes of tsunami. What causes the most tsunami?
30.
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Video: Tsunami AwarenessA bore is a large wall of
turbulent water caused by a tsunami.
Describe a bore.
31.
1. Strong earthquake that causes difficulty standing.
2. Rapid rise or fall of the water along the coast.
3. Loud ocean roar.4. Alerts from lifeguards,
police, US Tsunami Warning Centers, and NOAA All Hazards Radio.
List the tsunami warning signs.
32.
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Video: Tsunami Awareness1. Keep calm.2. Walk or run to higher
ground.(100 ft above sea level or 1 mile inland).
3. Do not drive.4. Use the stairs to get to the
3rd floor or higher in a sturdy building.
5. Follow all instructions from local officials.
6. Stay out of coastal areas.
What do you need to do to stay safe during a tsunami?
33.
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Tsunami Inundation Zones
What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Wai’anae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isn’t, suggest a better plan.
34.
When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street.
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Tsunami Inundation Zones
When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street.
It is a reasonable plan because we can easily and quickly walk from Wai’anae High School to Kamaile and Kamaile is not in the flood zone. If necessary, we can easily travel farther up the mountain from that location.
What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Wai’anae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isn’t, suggest a better plan.
34.
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Tsunami-Resistant Buildings
1. Build in a location outside the tsunami inundation zones.
2. Elevating the structure above a solid but open foundation (stilts).
3. Reinforced concrete.4. Try not to have walls that
face the ocean.5. Be able to open the doors
so the tsunami passes through.
What kinds of features do you think a house/building would need to make it tsunami-resistant?
35.
Summary
31
How do circles and functions help us to
understand the destructive force of
tsunami, so that we can better prepare ourselves and protect the people
and things we love?Surf’s Up….Way Up
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