supernovas, dark energy, and an accelerating universe: what next? saul perlmutter lawrence berkeley...
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Supernovas, Dark Energy, and an Accelerating Universe:
What Next?
Saul Perlmutter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Abel 370: deep space image
The Thinker
Basic concepts
Me and audience
Sun 8 minutes ago
Nearest star & earth orbit
Nearest galaxy & first evidence of humans
Nearest clusters & dinosaurs
Abel 370: deep space image
Basic concepts: expanding universe
Picture of Einstein
Einstein 1920 (3 years after)
Prism picture
Frauenhoffer’s spectrum of sun
Through prism
Through prism, redshifted
Doppler shift picture
Object receding:
Long RED waves
Object approaching:
Short BLUE waves
Hubble’s original Hubble diagram
Blank Slide
Show Transparencies
How much is this expansion?
50 km/sec/Mpc
How much growth is this?
I grow an angstrom/year
But –in fact–
things that are bound don’t expand. Photons do!
How fast is this expansion?
Basic concepts: Redshift
Stretched wavelengths
Basic concepts: Standard Candle
Hubble’s original Hubble diagram
Candles
Basic concepts: Age of Universe
Blank Slide
Show Transparencies
age of the universe if it hadalways expanded at today’s rate
distance betweengalaxies is growing,but slower, if theuniverse is decelerating
age of theuniverse
Age from H0
Future possibilities: expand/collapse
Basic concepts
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FAINTER(Farther)(Further back in time)
EmptyMore redshift
= Faster expansion in past= Expansion is slowing
= More mass in universe
FiniteBorderline
Picture of accretion on WD star
lightcurve MPEG movie
3-panel MPEG movie
SNe Ia lightcurves (matched)
Through prism
3-panel MPEG movie
Problems with SNe Ia
Strategy (simple)
CTIO site
CTIO 4m dome
Inside CTIO 4m
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Show Transparencies
Before/after & HST
Strategy with world
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FAINTER(Farther)(Further back in time)
EmptyUniverseEventuallyRecollapses
FiniteBorderline
Our data on Hubble diagram
UniverseEventuallyRecollapses
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FAINTER(Farther)(Further back in time)
SupernovaCosmologyProject
Calan/TololoSurvey
relative brightness
MO
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HIF
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The Implications of an Accelerating Universe
Future possibilities: expand/collapse
Future with accelerating universe
Accelerating Universe
The Implications of an Accelerating Universe
Composition of the Cosmos
DarkEnergy:65%
DarkMatter:30%
Montage of Magazine covers
Breakthrough of the Year:
Quotes from Theorists
November 30, 1999
“SNAP”: SuperNova
Acceleration Probe
Assembling SNAP
Movie courtesy of Hytec
SNAP Hubble diagram
N.Y. Times weighs in on Dark Energy
April 10, 2001
Future with accelerating universe
Accelerating Universe
Expansion History of the
Universe
The Expansion History of the Universe
Blank Slide
Quinten Quartet
Blank Slide
Hubble diagram of our data
Time Magazine weighs in on Dark Energy
Time Magazine 4/16/01
Telescope Assembly
Movie courtesy of Hytec
SNAP
Picture of orbiting HST
New Yorker cartoon: chicken little
Extrapolate age from HO
How to measure cosmology
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