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100

–50

0 y

earsOld

est…

SUPERLATIVES

From

long

-liv

ed p

ets

to t

he o

ldes

t fr

agm

ents

of

our

plan

et, w

e ex

plor

e Ea

rth’

s 4

.55-

billi

on-y

ear

hist

ory

to c

eleb

rate

rec

ord-

brea

king

long

evit

y in

its

man

y fo

rms.

50

0–8

,00

0 y

ears

A G

reat

Bas

in b

rist

leco

ne

pin

e (P

inu

s lo

ng

aeva

) kn

own

as

Pro

met

heu

s w

as c

ut

dow

n fr

om W

hee

ler

Pea

k in

Nev

ada,

U

SA

, in

196

3. A

lth

oug

h 4

,867

rin

gs

wer

e co

un

ted

in

it, t

he

tree

was

in a

har

sh

envi

ron

men

t th

at h

ad

slow

ed it

s g

row

th. I

ts t

rue

age

has

bee

n es

tim

ated

at

c. 5

,20

0 y

ears

old

.

Tree

c. 5

,20

0 y

ears

> 10

0 m

illio

n y

ears

Dow

nlo

ad t

his

post

er: g

uinn

essw

orld

reco

rds.

com

/20

18

Hot

el1,

312

yea

rs

The

Nis

hiy

ama

On

sen

Keiu

nka

n in

Yam

anas

hi,

Jap

an, i

s a

hot

-sp

rin

g h

otel

th

at h

as b

een

oper

atin

g si

nce

70

5 c

e.

Wre

stlin

g co

mp

etit

ion

55

7 ye

ars

The

Kır

kpın

ar w

rest

ling

fest

ival

has

bee

n h

eld

ann

ual

ly s

ince

14

60

n

ear

Edir

ne

in T

urk

ey.

Par

tici

pan

ts c

oate

d in

oil

vie

for

the

Gol

den

Bel

t.

The

Bar

ber

ton

Gre

enst

one

Bel

t, o

r M

akh

onjw

a M

oun

tain

s, in

Sou

th A

fric

a is

for

med

fro

m r

ocks

up

to 3

.6 b

illio

n ye

ars

old

. Th

e m

oun

tain

s h

ave

a m

axim

um

alt

itu

de

of a

rou

nd

1,8

00

m

(5,9

05

ft) a

bov

e se

a le

vel.

Mou

nta

in r

ang

e3

.6 b

illio

n ye

ars

Tiny

, dia

mon

d-lik

e cr

ysta

ls o

f zi

rcon

(Z

rSiO

4) fro

m t

he

Jac

k H

ills

in W

este

rn A

ust

ralia

are

th

e ol

des

t m

iner

als

so f

ar d

ated

on

Ear

th. A

20

14 s

tud

y es

tim

ated

th

eir

age

to b

e 4

.374

bill

ion

year

s (±

6 m

illio

n ye

ars)

. Th

is m

ean

s th

at t

hes

e zi

rcon

s w

ere

crea

ted

“on

ly”

arou

nd

160

mill

ion

year

s af

ter

Ear

th

itse

lf w

as

form

ed.

Frag

men

t of

Ear

th4

.374

bill

ion

year

s

0–1

00

yea

rs

Dog

29

year

s 5

mon

ths

The

gre

ates

t re

liab

le

age

reco

rded

for

a d

og is

2

9 ye

ars

for

an A

ust

ralia

n ca

ttle

dog

nam

ed B

luey

, ow

ned

by

Les

Hal

l of

Roc

hes

ter,

Vic

tori

a,

Au

stra

lia. B

luey

was

ob

tain

ed a

s a

pu

ppy

in

19

10 a

nd

wor

ked

amon

g ca

ttle

an

d sh

eep

for

nea

rly

20 y

ears

bef

ore

bei

ng

pu

t to

sle

ep

on 1

4 N

ov 1

939.

Rei

gn

ing

mon

arch

91

year

s 11

day

s

Her

Maj

esty

Qu

een

Eliz

abet

h II

(UK

) was

b

orn

on 2

1 A

pr

1926

an

d b

ecam

e th

e w

orld

’s o

ldes

t m

onar

ch o

n 23

Jan

20

15,

aged

88

year

s 27

7 d

ays.

As

of 2

May

20

17,

she

was

91

year

s 11

day

s ol

d.

Goldfish

43

yea

rs

A g

old

fish

nam

ed T

ish

, ow

ned

by

Hild

a an

d G

ord

on H

and

of C

arlt

on M

inio

tt, N

orth

Yo

rksh

ire,

UK

, liv

ed f

or 4

3 ye

ars.

Hild

a’s

son

Pet

er w

on T

ish

at a

fai

rgro

un

d st

all i

n 19

56

.

The

old

est

con

tin

uou

s ic

e co

re c

over

s 74

0,0

00

yea

rs o

f cl

imat

e h

isto

ry. I

t is

3

,139

m (1

0,2

98 f

t)

lon

g, w

ith

a 10

-cm

(4

-in)

dia

met

er.

The

core

was

d

rille

d at

Dom

e C

in

An

tarc

tica

by

the

10-n

atio

n EP

ICA

(Eu

rop

ean

Pro

ject

for

Ic

e C

orin

g in

A

nta

rcti

ca) a

nd

ann

oun

ced

on

9 J

un

200

4.

Ice

core

740

,00

0 y

ears

Pu

blis

hed

in t

he

jou

rnal

Nat

ure

in

2015

, com

pel

ling

evid

ence

has

bee

n p

rese

nte

d of

sto

ne

tool

s th

at d

ate

bac

k as

far

as

3.3

mill

ion

year

s.

The

ston

e fl

akes

, cor

es a

nd

anvi

ls w

ere

un

eart

hed

in 2

011

, n

ear

Lake

Tu

rkan

a in

Ken

ya,

by S

onia

Har

man

d of

Sto

ny

Bro

ok U

niv

ersi

ty (

US

A)

and

her

tea

m.

Sto

ne

tool

s3

.3 m

illio

n ye

ars

The

first

dom

esti

cate

d pl

ants

are

th

e ei

ght

spec

ies

of N

eolit

hic

fou

nde

r cr

op. D

omes

tica

ted

by e

arly

Hol

ocen

e fa

rmin

g co

mm

un

itie

s in

sou

th-w

est

Asi

a’s

Fert

ile C

resc

ent

reg

ion

, th

ey

dat

e b

ack

to 9

50

0 b

ce

and

con

sist

of

the

flax

pla

nt,

fou

r sp

ecie

s of

pu

lse

and

thre

e sp

ecie

s of

cer

eal.

Gra

pes

(Vit

is v

inif

era)

ar

e am

ong

the

old

est

cult

ivat

ed p

lan

ts

that

are

use

d p

rim

arily

fo

r d

rin

k. T

he

earl

iest

d

ocu

men

ted

evid

ence

p

rovi

ng

that

gra

pes

w

ere

cult

ivat

ed t

o m

ake

win

e d

ates

to

60

00

bc

e in

Mes

opot

amia

(m

oder

n-d

ay Ir

aq).

Pla

nt

cult

ivat

ed

for

dri

nk

8,0

00

yea

rs

Pla

nts

cu

ltiv

ated

for

foo

d11

,50

0 y

ears

In 1

903

, pre

his

tori

c ro

ck a

rt w

as

dis

cove

red

in t

he

El C

asti

llo c

ave

in

Pu

ente

Vie

sgo

in C

anta

bri

a, S

pai

n.

Alo

ng

sid

e p

ain

tin

gs

of a

nim

als

and

han

dp

rin

ts is

on

e re

d d

isc

that

is a

t le

ast

40

,80

0 y

ears

old

. Nea

rby

is a

h

and

sten

cil t

hat

dat

es b

ack

at le

ast

37,

30

0 y

ears

.

Cav

e ar

t4

0,8

00

yea

rs

Leve

ns

Hal

l in

Cu

mb

ria,

UK

, has

top

iary

des

ign

s th

at w

ere

init

ially

pla

nte

d an

d tr

ain

ed in

th

e 16

90s.

Th

e sh

apes

incl

ud

e “C

hes

s P

iece

s”, t

he

“Ju

dg

e’s

Wig

” an

d th

e “G

reat

Um

bre

llas”

.

Top

iary

gar

den

c. 3

27

year

sZ

oo2

65

year

s

The

old

est

con

tin

uou

sly

oper

atin

g zo

o is

th

e Ti

erg

arte

n S

chön

bru

nn

in V

ien

na,

Au

stri

a.

It w

as fi

rst

open

ed

to t

he

pu

blic

in 1

779,

al

thou

gh

init

ially

it

had

bee

n cr

eate

d in

17

52

as a

cro

wn

men

ager

ie.

Jea

nn

e Lo

uis

e C

alm

ent

(FR

A) w

as

bor

n on

21

Feb

1875

to

Nic

olas

(1

83

7–19

31) a

nd

Mar

gu

erit

e (n

eé G

illes

, 18

38

–19

24).

Sh

e d

ied

122

year

s la

ter

at a

nu

rsin

g h

ome

in A

rles

, sou

ther

n Fr

ance

, on

4 A

ug

1997

.

Per

son

122

yea

rs 1

64

day

sM

essa

ge

in a

bot

tle

108

yea

rs 1

38

day

s

The

old

est

bot

tled

mes

sag

e sp

ent

108

year

s 13

8 d

ays

at s

ea a

fter

b

ein

g re

leas

ed b

y th

e M

arin

e B

iolo

gic

al A

ssoc

iati

on (

UK

) in

the

Nor

th S

ea (5

2°4

.8'N

; 00

3°3

7'E

) on

30

Nov

190

6. T

he

mes

sag

e w

as

fou

nd

at G

erm

any’

s A

mru

m

isla

nd

on 1

7 A

pr

2015

.

The

Icel

and

ic A

lth

ing

was

fou

nd

ed

in 9

30

ce. T

his

bod

y, w

hic

h or

igin

ally

co

mp

rise

d 39

loca

l ch

ieft

ain

s at

Th

ing

velli

r, w

as a

bol

ish

ed in

18

00

bu

t re

stor

ed b

y D

enm

ark

to a

con

sult

ativ

e st

atu

s in

18

43

and

a le

gis

lati

ve

stat

us

in 1

874

.

Exi

stin

g p

arlia

men

t1,

08

7 ye

ars

Cat

38

yea

rs 3

day

s

Cre

me

Pu

ff w

as

bor

n on

3 A

ug

1967

an

d liv

ed u

nti

l 6 A

ug

200

5 –

an a

maz

ing

38

year

s! C

rem

e P

uff

live

d w

ith

her

ow

ner

, Jak

e P

erry

, in

Au

stin

, Te

xas,

US

A.

On

26 J

ul 1

920

, at

the

An

twer

p O

lym

pic

s, O

scar

S

wah

n (S

WE

, b. 2

0 O

ct 1

847

) bec

ame

the

old

est

Oly

mp

ic m

edal

list,

ag

ed 7

2 ye

ars

280

day

s. O

n 4

Ju

l 19

12, S

wah

n h

ad b

een

in t

he

vict

orio

us

men

’s

100

m r

un

nin

g d

eer

(dou

ble

sh

ots)

sh

ooti

ng

team

at

the

Oly

mp

ic G

ames

in S

tock

hol

m, S

wed

en, a

ged

64

year

s 25

8 d

ays.

Th

at w

in m

ade

him

th

e ol

des

t O

lym

pic

g

old

med

allis

t. T

he

100

m r

un

nin

g d

eer

was

a t

arg

et

shoo

tin

g co

mp

etit

ion

at t

he

Oly

mpi

cs f

rom

190

8 to

194

8.

Oly

mp

ic m

edal

list

72 y

ears

28

0 d

ays

Am

use

men

t p

ark

43

4 y

ears

Bak

ken

, loc

ated

in K

lam

pen

bor

g, n

orth

of

Cop

enh

agen

in D

enm

ark,

op

ened

in

158

3 an

d is

th

e w

orld

’s o

ldes

t op

erat

ing

amus

emen

t par

k. It

cla

ims

to h

ave

mor

e th

an 1

50

att

ract

ion

s, in

clu

din

g a

woo

den

ro

ller-

coas

ter

bu

ilt in

193

2.

Eg

ypti

an h

iero

gly

ph

sc.

5,3

00

yea

rs

The

old

est

know

n ex

amp

les

of E

gyp

tian

h

iero

gly

ph

s w

ere

un

eart

hed

in 1

99

9 in

A

byd

os, 3

00

mi (

48

3 km

) sou

th o

f C

airo

. Im

pri

nte

d on

cla

y se

al im

pre

ssio

ns

and

ivor

y ta

gs,

th

ey h

ave

bee

n d

ated

to

bet

wee

n 3

40

0 b

ce

and

320

0 b

ce.

Vom

it16

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

On

12 F

eb 2

00

2, a

tea

m o

f p

alae

onto

log

ists

led

by P

rof

Pet

er D

oyle

(U

K) a

nn

oun

ced

thei

r d

isco

very

of

the

foss

ilize

d vo

mit

of

an ic

hth

yosa

ur,

a la

rge,

fish

-lik

e m

arin

e re

pti

le.

The

exis

ten

ce o

f N

yasa

sau

rus

par

rin

gto

ni w

as

esta

blis

hed

fro

m a

par

tial

ske

leto

n in

a d

epos

it o

f fo

ssils

pre

sen

t w

ith

in t

he

Man

da

Bed

s n

ear

Tan

zan

ia’s

La

ke N

yasa

. Th

e sk

elet

on is

som

e 24

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

old

and

was

aro

un

d th

e si

ze o

f a

Lab

rad

or d

og.

N. p

arri

ngt

oni w

as f

orm

ally

des

crib

ed in

Dec

20

12.

Dat

ed d

inos

aur

24

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

The

old

est

doc

um

ente

d ve

rteb

rate

is H

aiko

uic

hth

ys.

Reg

arde

d as

an

earl

y fis

h, i

t h

ad a

dis

tin

ct h

ead

and

tail,

as

wel

l as

gill

s an

d a

dor

sal fi

n.

Ver

teb

rate

53

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

8,0

00

–10

0 m

illio

n y

ears

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