sun, stars and galaxies

Ch. 17-Stars and Galaxies

1. ____________________- radiant energy transferred by waves; includes x-rays, visible colors, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave and gamma rays

2. ____________________- first type to be developed; uses a convex lens; bigger the lens, less accurate

refracting telescope

3. _____________________- concave mirror; reflects to eyepiece and is enlarged

reflecting telescope

4. _______________- dish plus receiver; collects radio waves

radio telescope

5. ________________- telescope above Earth’s atmosphere; provides better images without atmospheric distortions

Hubble telescope

6. _____________- star pictures in the night sky7. ________ _________- how bright a star appears from Earth8. ________ _________- the actual brightness of a star

constellations

apparentbrightness

absolutebrightness

9. ________- the distance light 9. ________- the distance light travels in a year (light speed = travels in a year (light speed = 186,000 mps)186,000 mps)

light yearlight year

10. ________- apparent change in 10. ________- apparent change in position of an object when you position of an object when you look from different placeslook from different places

parallax

11. ____________- a graph that relates the temperature and absolute brightness of stars

H-R diagramH-R diagram

12. _____________- diagonal area on a H-R diagram that includes 90 % of all stars

Main sequenceMain sequence

13. ______- low-density cloud of gases and dust

nebula

"For the eyes of the Lord run throughout the whole earth to show Himself strong in behalf of those who

are fully committed to Him." 

THIS IS A PICTURE NASA TOOK WITH THE HUBBLE TELESCOPE.. IT IS SIMPLY CALLED "THE EYE OF GOD".

14. _________- a contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to form a star

protostarprotostar

15. ____________-dense core of dying star

(so dense that one spoonful on Earthwould weigh several tonstons)

white dwarf

16. ____- sudden brightness of a starnova

17. _________- major outburst of energy

supernova

18. ____________- mass left after supernova collapses

neutron star

19. ______- rapidly spinning neutron star; emits energy waves at regular intervals

pulsar

20. __________- matter condensed so tightly that no light can escape

black hole

21. ______________- when two stars orbit each other

binary system

22. _______________- a system in which one star periodically blocks the light from another

eclipsing binary

23. __________- loose, disorganized area with only a few thousand stars; _________ _______- large grouping of older stars

open clusterglobular

cluster

24. _________- great, swollen stars near the end of their existence

red giant

25. ______- large group of stars, gas, dust and satellites held together by gravity

galaxy

A. ________- most common type

elliptical

B. ______- curved arms from inner parts

________- our galaxyMilky Way

spiral

C. __________- all others

irregular

Big Bang Theory

• A theory of how the universe began. • States that between 13 and 15 billon years ago,

all the matter and energy in the known cosmos was crammed into a tiny compact point. This matter and energy exploded and within seconds the fireball ejected matter and energies at the speed of light. This matter began to split apart and developed what we know as the universe today.

Timeline of the Big Bang

26. _________ _____- the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving

Hubble’sHubble’slawlaw

27. __________________________- electromagnetic radiation through the cosmos

Cosmic background radiationCosmic background radiation

28. _____________- a rotating cloud of gas and dust that could have formed our solar system

Solar nebula

29. _____________- outer parts of nebula that became planets

planetesimalsplanetesimals

30. __________-matter that does not give off radiation; cannot be seen; inferred by observing its effect on other objects

31. ___________- mysterious force that seems to be causingthe expansion of theuniverse to accelerate

dark energydark energy

32. Stars are classified by:A. _______________B. _______________C. _______________

sizebrightnesstemperature

How big are we?

1. Earth compared to the smaller planets (Venus, Mars, Mercury and Pluto):

1. Earth compared to the smaller planets (Venus, Mars, Mercury and Pluto):

2. Earth compared to the larger planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune):

3. The larger planets compared to the Sun:

4. Our Sun compared to Sirius, Pollux and Arcturus:

5. Sirius, Pollux and Arcturus compared to Rigel, Aldebaran, Betelgeuse    and Antares