summary and recapitulation for hnrs 227 with professors geller and taylor

Summary and Recapitulation

For HNRS 227 with

Professors Geller and Taylor

What We’ll talk about

• Chapter by Chapter Overview– The highlights of the chapters covered

• Main themes across the chapters– The major themes underlying all chapters

• The final examination– What to expect

Chapter Overview

• Chapter 1– Focus on the Scientific method– Reviewing mathematical skills– Reviewing scientific notation– Science and society

• Chapter 2– Motion

• Speed, velocity, acceleration, force

• Falling objects and projectiles

• Newton’s Laws of Motion

• Momentum

• Circular Motion

• Gravity

Chapter Overview

• Chapter 3– Energy, Work and Power– Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy– Energy Forms, Conversion and

Conservation

• Chapter 4– Heat, Temperature, Molecular Kinetic

Theory– Phases of Matter (phase diagram not

in book)– Laws of Thermodynamics

Chapter Overview

• Chapter 5– Vibrations and Waves– The Doppler Effect

• Chapter 6– Electric charges, electric current– Electric power and work– Magnetism– Maxwell’s laws (not in text but

relate all electricity and magnetism)

Formula Review

d = v*t a = (vf - vi) / t v = (vf + vi) / 2

d = 0.5 * a * t2 F = m * a w = m * g

p = m * v ar = v2 / r F = (m * v2) / r

vf = (a * t) + vi F = (G*m*M) / d2 W = F * d

KE = 0.5*m* v2 PE = m*g*h Q = m*c*T

T = 1 / f f = 1 / T v = l * f

F = (k*q1*q2) / d2 I = q / t V = I * R

P = I * V n = c / v E = h * f

Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2

Chapter Overview

• Chapter 7– Electromagnetic radiation– Light and matter interactions

• Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction and Interference

– Photoelectric Effect• Quantization of Energy

• Chapter 8– Structure and function of atoms

(models of all kinds)– The Periodic Table of Elements– Revolutions in the sciences

Chapter Overview

• Chapter 9– Molecules and compounds– Chemical bonds and valence electrons

• Chapter 10– Water: structure, function and properties– Uniqueness of the molecule– Importance of the molecule

• Chapter 11– Principles of radioactivity and decay– Nuclear energy technologies– Applications: energy, human health

and environment

C - C

Chapter Overview• Chapter 12

– The night sky– Stars and their characteristics– The H-R diagram– The life cycle of a star

(development of star) – remember the lab on this

– Galaxies– The universe at large

• Chapter 13– Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

(not in text)– The planets – Jovian and

Terrestrial– Comets, asteroids and meteors– Formation of the solar system

Chapter Overview• Chapter 14

– Motions of the Earth– The measure of time– Earth-Sun-Moon system

• Chapter 15– Rocks and minerals– The rock cycle– The solid Earth (interior)– Plate Tectonics

• Chapter 16– Stress, strain, folds and faults– Earthquakes, mountains and

erosion

Chapter Overview• Chapter 17

– The atmosphere (figure in text oversimplified)

– Winds, water (humidity and precipitation)

– Weather and Climate

• Chapter 18– Water on Earth – Fresh

and salt– The hydrological cycle– Oceanography

Chapter Overview• Chapter 19

– Organic chemistry & polymers• C-C bond: covalent bonding• Hydrocarbons of all kinds

– Biochemistry and polymers• Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic

acids, and lipids

• Chapter 20– Attributes of life

• Hierarchy, cells, homeostasis, energy, information, etc.

– Structural “nuts and bolt”• Enzymes, membranes, water,

polymers, compartmentation, types of cells

• C-C covalent bonds

Chapter Overview• Chapter 21

– Darwin retrospective– Theory of Evolution (process, similarity &

diversity of living systems)– Origin and evolution of life– Applications: “evolution as you sleep”– Other perspectives on evolution

• Chapter 26– Mendel and inheritance– Genetics and molecular biology– DNA/RNA: replication, transcription,

translation– Genetic code and all living systems– Applications: GMO’s, gene chips, Alps man

Overarching Themes

• The Scientific Method–Repeatable experiments and

observations–Hypotheses–Theories–Laws–An iterative and open process–Pseudoscience

Overarching Themes

• Fundamental Laws– Newton’s Laws of Motion– Newton’s Law of

Gravitational Attraction– Kepler’s Laws of Planetary

Motion– Maxwell’s Laws of

Electromagnetism– Laws of Thermodynamics

Overarching Themes

• Fundamental Theories– Cell Theory– Theory of Evolution– Einstein Theories of Relativity– Geological Theories– Hierarchical Theory and Emergent Properties– Atomic Theory

• Revolutions in the sciences– Atom– Quantum mechanics– Plate tectonics– DNA and information

A Few More Overarching Features

Science as an intellectual exercise, similar to other intellectual pursuits

Science as the application of the knowledge to address needs of society (e.g., biodiversity; health; information technology; exploration of space)

Models as one of the tools in the scientist’s tool bagConnectivity of the scientific disciplinesConnectivity of the sciences to other disciplines (e.g.,

history, ethics, engineering, performing arts)

The Final Examination

• What to expect– Multiple choice questions

• 100 to be precise• Scantron forms

– To be provided

– 14 December 2006 Thursday• 1030 to 1315