sullage stabilization pond system for liquid waste management in rural areas by

SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM

FORLIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN

RURAL AREAS

BYEr. V.S. SIWACH, CHIEF ENGINEER

PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC WORKS, HARYANAAND

Er. SHANKAR JINDAL, SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER

PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC WORKS, CHANDIGARH

Disposal of waste water – a major problem in

rural areas.

Stagnant waste water leads to Unabated growth – wild grass, hyacinth etc.

Unhygienic conditions

Bad odour

Breeding place for mosquitoes resulting in

spread of diseases like dengue, malaria etc.

Ponds in the villages were meant for cattles, clean water storage, ground water recharging etc.

Existing ponds converted into cess pools due to• Discharging of effluents from streets/ drains• Deposition of sullage – inhibits percolation• Growth of aquatic weeds due to nutrient

enrichment• Run-off from cow dung/ solid waste dumps

around the pond Capacity of the existing ponds also needs to

be increased.

Grey water Waste water from bathroom, kitchen (except

toilet). 90 % of the waste water in villages is grey

water. Requires less treatment than black water. Generally contain fewer pathogens.

Black water Waste water mixed with waste from toilets. Requires biological or chemical treatment and

disinfection before reuse.

Household level Management

• Kitchen Garden with piped root zone system

• Kitchen Garden without root zone system

• Leach Pit

• Soakage Pit

Community Level Management

At public places on site

• Plantation with intercepting chamber

• Community leach pit

• Soakway Channel

• Simple process of reuse of grey water

• Root Zone System

Off site Management

• Drainage System for collection and

transportation

• Final Treatment

- Sullage Stabilization Pond System

- Screening, Sedimentation and Filtration

system

- Stabilization Tank System

The system has three components:

Anaerobic Pond

Facultative Pond

Maturation Pond

SizesThe sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to commensurate with the retention time and the quality of effluents discharging from the village

Population Anaerobic Facultative Aerobic

1000 35’x24’x10’ 64’x21’x5’ 64’x21’x5’

2000 37’x25’x10’ 90’x30’x5’ 90’x30’x5’

3000 45’x30’x10;’ 110’x37’x5’ 110’x37’x5’

4000 60’x40’x10’ 143’x47’x5’ 143’x47’x5’

Note: Sizes may be increased as per site conditions/ sizes of existing ponds

Anaerobic PondShould have a depth of 10 feet.

Grey water reaching this pond has high solid content.

Retention Period - 2 days.

Solids - settle at the bottom and are digested anaerobically.

Partially clarified liquid – outflows into facultative pond.

Facultative Pond

Should have a depth of 5 feet.

Retention period is 3 to 5 days.

Oxidation of grey water takes place.

Upper layer - aerobic conditions.

Lower layer - anaerobic conditions.

Aeration from air through the surface

Oxidation due to oxygen liberated through

photosynthetic activity of algae growing in

the pond due to availability of plant

nutrients, from bacterial metabolism in water

and the incident light energy from sun.

The pond bacteria utilize the algal oxygen to

metabolise the organic content of grey water.

Maturation PondSize and retention time - same as facultative pond.

The stabilized water from facultative pond is led to this pond.

Main function is destruction of pathogens.

Conditions are wholly aerobic.

Existing ponds, if in abadi area, be revived for clean water storage, wherever feasible. Intercept drains/ nalas - to receive effluents

from streets/ drains and carry it away from the abadi area.

New ponds be dug up at suitable sites (keeping in view natural gradient of terrain and direction of air flow) for storage and treatment of effluents.

Wherever intercept drains/nalas are not feasible, existing ponds have to be remodeled for storage and treatment of effluents.

Diversion of waste water Draining out the pond De-silting of pond Construction of embankment Pipes and other fittings Provision of out flow for subsequent use in

agriculture/ horticulture/ fish farming/ ground water recharging etc.

Beautification and plantation.

Coverage of some villages (minimum one village per block) in each district as pilot project with the financial assistance of State Government.

Creating awareness, motivation, and sensitivity among Gram Panchayats/ Villagers to trigger the scheme.

Total coverage in a Mission Mode with active involvement of PRIs and dovetailing of funds under MGNREGA, TSC, PRI fund, MPLADS, local contribution etc.