suchanit ngamkala (d.v.m., m.sc., ph.d)...supplements - flaxseed, or safflower or vegetable or olive...
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Applications of pets products
Suchanit Ngamkala
(D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D)
17 April 2015
Outlines
1. Basic pet caring
2. Pet food and Nutrition
3. Pet grooming
4.Other general pet’s products
OWNING A PET…
What is your responsibility?
What will my pet need from me, and can I take care of its needs?
Basic pet caring
Identify Your Pet
Training Your Pet
Spay or Neuter Your Pet
Advantages
• Help prevent overpopulation
• Less aggressive
• Prevents unwanted pregnancies
• Female won’t go into heat (cleaner home)
• Reduces risk of health problems:
– uterine cancer in females
– ovarian cancer in females
– testicular cancer in males
Providing veterinary care
Providing for Your Pet’s Needs
AKC divides purebreds into 7 main groups:
1. Herding
2. Terriers
3. Working
4. Sporting
5. Non-sporting
6. Toy
7. Hounds
Miscellineous & “Mixed Breeds”
Several Options:
• Commercial dry food
• Canned/ Dry or Moist food
• Semi-moist
(loaded with chemicals)
• Home-prepared diets
Pet food and Nutrition
• Meat, poultry, seafood, feed grain
• By-products
– Not fit for human consumption but still must meet federal standards for safety and nutrition
• Vitamins/Minerals-to complete nutritional needs
• Preservatives-for shipping and to extend shelf-life
• Coloring-to make it pretty
– Approved by the FDA
Dog Food Contents
• FDA (Food and Drug Association)
• FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
• USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
• State Government
• Pet Food Institute
• AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials)
OTHERS
Large number of varieties commercial food (based on age, size, flavor, activeness, weight loss, etc. )
Advantages:
Good for “picky” eaters & Provides with moisture in the diet
Disadvantages:
More expensive (for most canned foods, first ingredient is water)
More perishable (lasts 3-7 days…must refrigerate)
Canned food
• Set standards for animal feeds and pet foods in the U.S.
• Work with FDA
• Must meet “Complete and Balanced” standards
• All nutrients known to be required by a dog or cat
• Minimum of nutrients require
• Adult Maintenance
• Growth/Reproduction
• Feeding trials and Lab Analysis
• Fed and monitored for six months
Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
1. Make sure the label has an "AAFCO guarantee," preferably one that references “Feeding tests" or "feeding protocols" rather than Nutrient Profiles
2. Check for a named meat or meal
(“lamb” - “chicken” – “salmon” or others)
Treatment of food allergy
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
3. Avoid foods that rely on by-products as the source of animal protein.
By-products consist of organs and not desired parts
These rendered products are the most inexpensive sources of animal protein
The contents and quality of these meals can vary extremely from batch to batch
Not a reliable source of nutrition for animals
Not the main source of protein
o This can include bones, blood, intestines, lungs, head, ligaments, feet, and feathers
o Feathers are a by-product of poultry meat processing.
(pressure cooked with steam an edible gel) which makes them an acceptable feed grade ingredient.
o Can appear on a label as “Poultry By-products”
Example: Chicken By-products
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
4. Checking the expiration date to ensure freshness.
• Avoid generic or store brands These may be repackaged rejects from the big manufacturers (generally contain cheaper & consequently poorer quality ingredients.
• Store dry pet food in a sealed
non-porous container in a cool, dry place.
• “Clean label”
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
5. Ingredients
• Ingredients are listed in order of weight, with the primary ingredient listed first and the rest following in descending order.
• Every ingredient must be listed separately either by its official name or common name (no brand names are allowed).
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
6. Guaranteed Analysis
• Usually be found in a table format.
• All dog food manufacturers are required to list
– Minimum amounts of protein and fat
– Maximum amounts of crude fiber and moisture
– if the label indicates a "minimum 21% protein," Can be fairly confident it will contain between 21% and 23% protein (The same process occurs for fat)
– Crude fiber and moisture are stated as "not more than”
– The moisture & fiber will be a little below that maximum guarantee.
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
7. Daily Feeding
• To find out the recommended daily amount of the food your dog should consume.
• The amount is usually expressed as a range, and how much you feed within this range should depend on how much your dog weighs and his activity level.
When selecting a commercial food for your pet ?
8. Manufacturer/Distributor
• The party responsible for either the manufacture or distribution of the product must be shown on the label.
9. Nutritional Adequacy Statement
• The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is a national association composed of state and federal regulatory officials who establish standards and guidelines for labels and labeling.
Home-Prepared Diets • Bones And Raw Food diet (BARF)
– The BARF diet is simple in
philosophy and construction.
– Similar to the diet of a wild animal and mimics that type of feeding regime using available whole raw foodstuffs
• Owner’s preference***
–Usually not well balanced
–Consults with veterinarian
RMB meal - 1# chicken backs, or 12 chicken necks, or 8 chicken wings, or 2 beef ribs plus an egg or yogurt. Can feed lamb (lamb riblets) and occasionally substitute fish
Offal - Offal (or organ meat, e.g. heart, kidney, liver, tripe, etc...) is usually mixed in with the veggie meal, because many dogs do not like the taste (some do). Just be careful not to feed too much, too quickly, as offal is very rich and too much will cause loose stools. Offal can be fed once or twice a week!
Veggie meal – (This is for 1 meal not a full day's worth)- 1/4 calves liver or an egg and I puree these veggies for about 3/4 cup worth. Mix and match veggies do not try to use all these at the same time - carrots, turnip, parsnip, green beans, yellow squash, zucchini, dark green lettuces, celery - I add a little - very little - of either spinach, kale, turnip greens, or broccoli.
Supplements - Flaxseed, or safflower or vegetable or olive oil, nutritional yeast, kelp, alfalfa powder, etc.
BARF Full day's worth for Golden Retriever (25 Kg.)
Good things to look for Do Not Buy
• Foods that contain:
– Whole Beef, Chicken, Turkey, Lamb, Pork and meals made from whole meats (beef meal, chicken meal, etc.)
– Whole grains, vegetables and fruits
– Foods with as much animal protein as possible
– Identified ingredients (instead of “liver” should say “beef liver”)
• Foods that contain: – Animal fat, animal digest,
meat meal
– Foods with artificial colors
– Products without expiration dates or those past their
expiration – Products containing meat or
bone meal
– Foods that are sweetened
– Wheat Gluten (“gum”)
– Products with protein derived from meat “by-products”
Conclusions : easy way to choose
• Dogs are omnivores, Cats are carnivores
• Dogs have fewer taste buds than we do
• Nothing’s perfect so rotate diet (some pets can’t tolerate changes)
• What to feed?
Don’t use Cat Food—too high in fat/protein
depend on…
• Medical Condition
• Lifestyle (active or inactive)
• Size
• Growth or Maintenance? (puppy or adult?)
Tips
• Smaller breeds need more energy per Kg.
• Larger breeds grow slower so a lower calorie feed might fit better.
• Puppies should be switched from Growth to Maintenance around 9 months or when they reach 80-90% of anticipated weight
• “Growth” or “All Life Stages”
Puppies
• No free feeding Can cause anorexia & Most dogs can’t self-regulate
• 3 months 4 times / day & 3-5 months 3 times / day
• One to three meals a day (average for adults)
• Gradually change food (5-7 days or longer if your puppies are sensitive)
Puppies (Cont.)
• Higher energy needs
• Highest level of performance
Active dogs
Pregnant or Nursing Females
• Highest energy needs of any life stage
• Stress
• Need for repair
• Similar to active dogs …but more
• Maintain mother and pups
Senior Dogs
• Lower protein is WRONG
• Need quality protein to maintain body
• May need fewer calories
• If healthy = normal diet
• If sick = prescription diet
Prescription diet
CAT FOOD
1. Taurine (Beta-aminoethanesulfonic acid)
• Methionine + Cysteine
• Important in cat because lacking of enzyme (Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase) to change Cysteine into Taurine
• Essential function of taurine in cat
– Cardiovascular function
– Retina
– Reproduction and immunity
– Bile acid
– Cell membrane stabilzer
– CNS & Skeletal muscle development + function
CAT FOOD
2. Carnitine
• Methionine + Lysine
• Carnitine almost found in striated muscle & myocardium
• Function of carnitine
ATP production
Transport of waste product from cells
Increase liver functions
Increase lipid metabolism
Muscle strength and wound healing
•Bath (shampoo)
•Brush
•Trim Nails
•Dental care
Shampoo Skin pH 7.5 (dog), 6.7 (Cat), 5.5 (human)
The average pH of the pet shampoos was 6.46 and the human shampoo average pH was 5.84
Males had significantly higher pH values than females
Variation of pH among breeds
True or false?
Are human shampoos formulated at a much more acidic pH than pet shampoos ?
Is mildly acidic shampoo harmful to a dog that has a mildly alkaline skin pH ?
Is an acidic shampoo more harsh and potentially irritating than a shampoo of 6.5 pH or higher ?
Skin shampoo Useful composition in pet shampoo
1. Normal shampoo
1.1 Detergent to remove oil
: Sodium lauryl (ether) sulfate
1.2 Moisturizing agent
: Glycerol, Lanolin, Fatty alcohols, Propylene glycol
Skin shampoo
Useful composition in pet shampoo
2. Medicated shampoo
2.1 Anti-seborrheic shampoo (Dry shampoo)
Dandruff, oily hair coat
Keratolytic activity (soften)
: Salicylic acid, Sulfur
Keratoplastic activity
: Normal skin cell cycle
: Pyrithione zinc / Selenium sulfide
: CAUTION Using of tars is prohibit in cat !!!
Benzoyl peroxide (follicular flushing)
Skin shampoo 2.2 Anti-bacterial shampoo
Benzoyl peroxide*
Ethyl lactate*
Chlorhexidine
Povidone iodine
Triclosan
2.3 Anti-fungal shampoo
Ketoconazole (2%)
Miconazole
Selenium sulfide (Kill only yeast, but not fungi)
Skin shampoo 2.4 Anti-parasitic shampoo (fleas & mites)
Pyrethrin / Pyrethroids (carefully use in cat)
Carbamate (Carbaryl)
Limonene
Lindane (toxic in cat)
Retenone (use in young animal)
Skin shampoo 2.5 Anti-pruritic shampoo
parasite, allergy, infection, irritation
type of shampoo depends in causative agent
: Hydrocortisone (steroid)
: Antihistamine
: Colloidal oatmeal
: Menthol (cooling agent)
: Tars and sulfur
: Hypoallergic shampoo
Slicker brush (Bristles can hurt dog’s skin, so must be gentle)
Comb
Guillotine
Nail Trimming
Scissor-like
cut dark colored nails in several small cuts to reduce the chance of cutting into the quick
Can use a styptic pencil containing silver nitrate to stop blood flow
Signs of Oral Disease
• Bad breath
• Excessive salvation
• Inflamed gums
• Tumors in the gums
• Cysts under the tongue
• Loose teeth
• Toothpaste made especially for canines
• Containing of baking soda and water
• Never use fluoride with dogs under 6 months of age interfere with their enamel formation
• Don’t use human toothpaste which can irritate a dog's stomach.
Tooth brush and Toothpaste
Gnawing on a chew toys Making its teeth strong. Help massage its gums and help keep teeth clean by scraping away soft tartar Gnawing also reduces dog's stress level
Diet for Healthy Teeth -Specially formulated dry food that can slow down the formation of plaque and tartar.
Other products for dental care
1.Ears (Otic drug)
2.Eyes
3.Ecto- and Endoparasites products
Other general pet’s products
Ophthalmic (eyes) drugs
• Drugs distribute via blood supplies at aqueous & vitreous humor, retina
• Cornea is a barrier for drugs distribution (except for lipid or small molecule of drug)
Appropriate method of eye medication Topical administration
Oily bases
Cheap and prolong action
Less antiseptic effect, blur eyes, irritation of anterior
chamber
Aqueous bases
Simply and convenient, easily distribute
into lacrimal duct, better antiseptic
Expensive and frequent administration
1. Anti-microbial agents : Chloramphenical
: Neomycin / Tobramycin
: Ciprofloxacin - Iodide
2. Eye wash : 2% Boric acid
3. Anti-viral agents : Idoxuridine
4. Anti-fungal agents : Amphotericin B
5. Anti-inflammatory agents : Steroid**
: NSAID (Butazolidine®)
: Antihistamines
6. Natural tear : Hypromellose and Dextran
7. Others Recommended by Vet
Type of optical drugs
Steroid enhance of collagenase enzyme activity 14 times**
Steroid & Non-steroid drug
Prostaglandins / Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
Inflammation
Pain
Cell membrane
1. Antipyretic & analgesic agents
- Benzocaine, antipyrine
2. Earwax removal
- Carbamide peroxide (softens and loosens excessive ear wax)
- Triethanolamine polypeptide oleate (surfactant)
- Glycerine
3. Antibiotics
- Neomycin, Tobramycin
- Amoxycillin & clavulanate potassium
4. Steroids
- Hydrocortisone, Dexamethazone
5. NSAID Acetaminophen / Ibuorofen
6. Others Recommended by Vet
Otic (ears) drugs
• Endoparasite : intestinal parasites, heartworm, etc
• Ectoparasite : fleas, ticks, mites and lice
Parasitic treatments
Preventative treatments : are given on a regular interval in an effort to keep animals from getting a large burden of parasites.
Curative treatments : given only in response to the positive identification of parasites. (Vet)
Ecto- and Endoparasitic products
An available parasite medications , thus only the newest, preventative, prescription products will be discussed.
Advantage, Frontline, Revolution, Heartgard, Interceptor, Program, Sentinel
Others Shampoo, Spray, collar
Advantage and Frontline (for ectoparasites)
Monthly topicals application
Advantage : kill adult fleas and flea larva
Advantage Multi : Advantage + heartworm prevention +
treatment & control of hookworms, roundworms and
whipworms.
Frontline : kill adult fleas and ticks
Frontline Plus : kill adult fleas, larva, and eggs
Advantage (Imidacloprid and Moxidectin)
Frontline (Fipronil)
Revolution (for endo- and ectoparasite)
Monthly topical application
Kill adult fleas, eggs, ear mites, roundworms &
hookworms in cats
Kill adult fleas, eggs, ticks, ear mites, and sarcoptic
mange in dogs. Heartworm protection
Revolution (Selamectin)
Program Plus
Oral monthly tablets
Kill flea eggs only
Heartgard, Interceptor, and Sentinel
Oral monthly tablets
Kill a variety of parasites.
Heartgard : kill immature heartworms, roundworms,
and hookworms. Interceptor : kill immature heartworms, roundworms,
hookworms, and whipworms.
Sentinel : Combination of Interceptor and Program
: kill immature heartworms, roundworms,
hookworms, whipworms, and flea eggs.
Program Plus (Milbemycin oxime & Lufenuron)
Heartgard (Ivermectin)
Heartgard Plus (Ivermectin & Pyrantel)
Not for cat
Other products
Amitraz
Collar Powder
Suspension
Deworming tablet
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